Evolution Of Magmatic And Diamond Forming Systems Of The Earth S Lower Mantle

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Evolution of Magmatic and Diamond-Forming Systems of the Earth's Lower Mantle

Anna V. Spivak,Yuriy A. Litvin

Author : Anna V. Spivak,Yuriy A. Litvin
Publisher : Springer
Page : 95 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2018-05-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319785189

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Evolution of Magmatic and Diamond-Forming Systems of the Earth's Lower Mantle by Anna V. Spivak,Yuriy A. Litvin Pdf

This book sheds valuable new light on the genetic mineralogy of lower-mantle diamonds and syngenetic minerals. It presents groundbreaking experimental results revealing the melting relations of ultrabasic and basic associations and a physicochemical peritectic mechanism of their evolution. The experimental investigations included here reveal the key multicomponent, multiphase oxide-silicate-carbonate-carbon parental media for lower-mantle diamonds and syngenetic minerals. Consequently, readers will find extensive information on the diamond-parental oxide-silicate-carbonate-carbon melts-solutions that supplement the general features of lower-mantle diamond genesis and the most efficient ultrabasic-basic evolution. The experimental results on physicochemical aspects, combined with analytical mineralogy data, make it possible to create a generalized composition diagram of the diamond-parental melts-solutions, there by completing the mantle-carbonatite concept for the genesis of lower-mantle diamonds and syngenetic minerals. This book addresses the needs of all researchers studying the Earth’s deepest structure, super-deep mineral formation including diamonds, and magmatic evolution.

Advances in Experimental and Genetic Mineralogy

Yuriy Litvin,Oleg Safonov

Author : Yuriy Litvin,Oleg Safonov
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2020-04-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030428594

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Advances in Experimental and Genetic Mineralogy by Yuriy Litvin,Oleg Safonov Pdf

This book presents fundamental experimental data and experiment-based theoretical conclusions on, as well as physico-chemical models of, the natural hydrothermal, metasomatic, metamorphic, magmatic and ore-producing processes in the Earth’s crust, upper mantle, transition zone and lower mantle. The topics discussed concern the interactions of oil and aqueous fluids as revealed by aqueous-hydrocarbonic inclusions in synthetic quartz and applied to the natural evolution of oil; determining the solubility and inter-phase partitioning of trace and strategic elements and their components; and experimentally validating physico-chemical mechanisms in the ultrabasic-basic evolution of deep-mantle magmatic and diamond-forming systems. In addition, the book presents experimental studies on the physico-chemical properties of supercritical water and hydrothermal fluids, viscosity of acidic ultramafic magmatic materials melts, peculiarities of metamorphism in basic rocks, kinetics of mineral nucleation in silicate melts and hydrothermal solutions, and influence of complex H2O-CO2-HCl fluids on melting relations in mantle-crust rocks, together with novel results and conclusions. Given its scope, the book will be of great interest to all Earth scientists, lecturers and students specialized in experimental and genetic mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry.

Genesis of Diamonds and Associated Phases

Yuriy A. Litvin

Author : Yuriy A. Litvin
Publisher : Springer
Page : 137 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2017-05-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319545431

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Genesis of Diamonds and Associated Phases by Yuriy A. Litvin Pdf

This book presents an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the genesis of diamonds and the associated phases. It is divided into three main parts, starting with an introduction to the analysis of diamond inclusions to infer the formation processes. In turn, the second part of the book presents high-pressure experimental studies in mantle diamond-parental mineral systems with representative multicomponent boundary compositions. The experimental syngenesis phase diagrams provided reveal the physicochemical mechanisms of diamond nucleation and substantiate the mantle-carbonatite concept of the genesis of diamonds and associated phases. Lastly, the book describes the genetic classification of diamond-hosted mineral inclusions and experimentally determined RE “mineral-parental melt” partition coefficients. The physicochemical experimental evidence presented shows the driving forces behind the fractional evolution of the mantle magmas and diamond-parental melts. Given the depth and breadth of its coverage, the book offers researchers essential new insights into the ways diamonds and associated minerals and rocks are naturally created.

The Earth's Lower Mantle

Felix V. Kaminsky

Author : Felix V. Kaminsky
Publisher : Springer
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2017-05-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319556840

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The Earth's Lower Mantle by Felix V. Kaminsky Pdf

This book presents the first overview of the composition and structure of the Earth’s lower mantle. The first part focuses on the study of lower-mantle minerals, identified as inclusions in diamonds from different regions of the world. Three associations are established among the lower-mantle minerals: ultramafic, mafic, and carbonatic. The carbonatic association is of particular interest because it characterizes the media of natural diamond formation. In turn, the second part analyzes the structure of the lower mantle, revealing its heterogeneous composition. It is based on the results of experiments demonstrating phase transitions in lower-mantle minerals, and on seismological data. Deep-seated earthquakes point to the presence within the lower mantle of numerous seismic boundaries caused by mineral structure transitions. In closing, the last part of the book compares observed data with experimental data, highlighting several discrepancies that indicate Earth may have a more complex planetary history than previously assumed, and examining its primarily non-chondritic composition.

Deep Carbon

Beth N. Orcutt,Isabelle Daniel,Rajdeep Dasgupta

Author : Beth N. Orcutt,Isabelle Daniel,Rajdeep Dasgupta
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 687 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2019-10-17
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781108477499

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Deep Carbon by Beth N. Orcutt,Isabelle Daniel,Rajdeep Dasgupta Pdf

A comprehensive guide to carbon inside Earth - its quantities, movements, forms, origins, changes over time and impact on planetary processes. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Magmas Under Pressure

Yoshio Kono,Chrystèle Sanloup

Author : Yoshio Kono,Chrystèle Sanloup
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 516 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2018-04-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128112748

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Magmas Under Pressure by Yoshio Kono,Chrystèle Sanloup Pdf

Magmas under Pressure: Advances in High-Pressure Experiments on Structure and Properties of Melts summarizes recent advances in experimental technologies for studying magmas at high pressures. In the past decade, new developments in high-pressure experiments, particularly with synchrotron X-ray techniques, have advanced the study of magmas under pressure. These new experiments have revealed significant changes of structure and physical properties of magmas under pressure, which significantly improves our understanding of the behavior of magmas in the earth’s interior. This book is an important reference, not only in the earth and planetary sciences, but also in other scientific fields, such as physics, chemistry, material sciences, engineering and in industrial applications, such as glass formation and metallurgical processing. Includes research and examples of high-pressure technologies for studying the structure and properties of magma Summarizes the current knowledge on the structure and properties of high-pressure magma Highlights the importance of magma in understanding the evolution of the earth’s interior

Biodiversity and Earth History

Jens Boenigk,Sabina Wodniok,Edvard Glücksman

Author : Jens Boenigk,Sabina Wodniok,Edvard Glücksman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2015-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662463949

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Biodiversity and Earth History by Jens Boenigk,Sabina Wodniok,Edvard Glücksman Pdf

This uniquely interdisciplinary textbook explores the exciting and complex relationship between Earth’s geological history and the biodiversity of life. Its innovative design provides a seamless learning experience, clarifying major concepts step by step with detailed textual explanations complemented by detailed figures, diagrams and vibrant pictures. Thanks to its layout, the respective concepts can be studied individually, as part of the broader framework of each chapter, or as they relate to the book as a whole. It provides in-depth coverage of: - Earth’s formation and subsequent geological history, including patterns of climate change and atmospheric evolution; - The early stages of life, from microbial ‘primordial soup’ theories to the fossil record’s most valuable contributions; - Mechanisms of mutual influence between living organisms and the environment: how life changed Earth’s history whilst, at the same time, environmental pressures continue to shape the evolution of species; - Basic ideas in biodiversity studies: species concepts, measurement techniques, and global distribution patterns; - Biological systematics, from their historical origins in Greek philosophy and Biblical stories to Darwinian evolution by natural selection, and to phylogenetics based on cutting-edge molecular techniques. This book’s four major sections offer a fresh cross-disciplinary overview of biodiversity and the Earth’s history. Among many other concepts, they reveal the massive diversity of eukaryotes, explain the geological processes behind fossilisation, and provide an eye-opening account of the relatively short period of human evolution in the context of Earth’s 4.6 billion-year history. Employing a combination of proven didactic tools, the book is simultaneously a reading reference, illustrated guide, and encyclopaedia of organismal biology and geology. It is aimed at school- and university-level students, as well as members of the public fascinated by the intricate interrelationship of living organisms and their environment.

Magma Redox Geochemistry

Roberto Moretti,Daniel R. Neuville

Author : Roberto Moretti,Daniel R. Neuville
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2021-10-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119473251

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Magma Redox Geochemistry by Roberto Moretti,Daniel R. Neuville Pdf

Explores the many facets of redox exchanges that drive magma's behavior and evolution, from the origin of the Earth until today The redox state is one of the master variables behind the Earth's forming processes, which at depth concern magma as the major transport agent. Understanding redox exchanges in magmas is pivotal for reconstructing the history and compositional make-up of our planet, for exploring its mineral resources, and for monitoring and forecasting volcanic activity. Magma Redox Geochemistry describes the multiple facets of redox reactions in the magmatic realm and presents experimental results, theoretical approaches, and unconventional and novel techniques. Volume highlights include: Redox state and oxygen fugacity: so close, so far Redox processes from Earth’s accretion to global geodynamics Redox evolution from the magma source to volcanic emissions Redox characterization of elements and their isotopes The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Treatise on Geophysics

Anonim

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 5604 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2015-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444538031

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Treatise on Geophysics by Anonim Pdf

Treatise on Geophysics, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and in-depth study of the physics of the Earth beyond what any geophysics text has provided previously. Thoroughly revised and updated, it provides fundamental and state-of-the-art discussion of all aspects of geophysics. A highlight of the second edition is a new volume on Near Surface Geophysics that discusses the role of geophysics in the exploitation and conservation of natural resources and the assessment of degradation of natural systems by pollution. Additional features include new material in the Planets and Moon, Mantle Dynamics, Core Dynamics, Crustal and Lithosphere Dynamics, Evolution of the Earth, and Geodesy volumes. New material is also presented on the uses of Earth gravity measurements. This title is essential for professionals, researchers, professors, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of Geophysics and Earth system science. Comprehensive and detailed coverage of all aspects of geophysics Fundamental and state-of-the-art discussions of all research topics Integration of topics into a coherent whole

Nano and Micro Diamond Formation in Nature

Sergei Simakov,Vittorio Scribano,Nikolai Melnik,Victor Pechnikov,Irina Drozdova,Vladimir Vyalov,Mikhail Novikov

Author : Sergei Simakov,Vittorio Scribano,Nikolai Melnik,Victor Pechnikov,Irina Drozdova,Vladimir Vyalov,Mikhail Novikov
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2023-11-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783031432781

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Nano and Micro Diamond Formation in Nature by Sergei Simakov,Vittorio Scribano,Nikolai Melnik,Victor Pechnikov,Irina Drozdova,Vladimir Vyalov,Mikhail Novikov Pdf

In this book, readers will gain a deep understanding of the distinct characteristics and intricate formation mechanisms behind each type of diamond. A standout feature of this book is its in-depth exploration of nanodiamonds, shedding light on their unique formation processes. The narrative is thoughtfully organized, covering four main categories of natural diamonds and their related formation processes: 1)Interstellar nanodiamond particles; 2) Nano- and microcrustal diamonds associated with coals, sediments, and metamorphic rocks; 3) Nanodiamonds and microdiamonds associated with secondary alterations of mafic and ultramafic rocks mainly in the oceanic lithosphere; 4) Mantle-derived diamonds associated with kimberlites and their xenoliths, such as peridotites and eclogites. With clarity and precision, this book caters to both researchers and students in the fields of mineralogy and mineral formation. This book serves as an invaluable resource, offering an all-encompassing perspective on diamond formation, appealing to those curious minds eager to delve into the captivating realm of these precious gems.

Diamond: Genesis, Mineralogy and Geochemistry

Karen Smit,Steve Shirey,Graham Pearson,Thomas Stachel,Fabrizio Nestola,Thomas Moses

Author : Karen Smit,Steve Shirey,Graham Pearson,Thomas Stachel,Fabrizio Nestola,Thomas Moses
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 898 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2023-05-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781501517044

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Diamond: Genesis, Mineralogy and Geochemistry by Karen Smit,Steve Shirey,Graham Pearson,Thomas Stachel,Fabrizio Nestola,Thomas Moses Pdf

Diamond is the record-setter in many mineralogical properties such as hardness, diffusivity, thermal conductivity, purity, and covalency of bonding. Similarly, diamond, as the premier gemstone of the mantle holds primacy for geological features such as age and depth of origin. Diamond was among the first crystalline structures to be solved by X-ray diffraction and the first materials measured for their Raman spectrum. At more than 80 billion USD in yearly commercial value, diamond sets the record for the most traded, valuable mineral on the planet. Despite its chemical simplicity, diamond has been the object of more research effort, and had more scientific and popular press pages written about it, than any other mineral.

Carbon in Earth

Robert M. Hazen,Adrian P. Jones,John A. Baross

Author : Robert M. Hazen,Adrian P. Jones,John A. Baross
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 716 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2018-12-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781501508318

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Carbon in Earth by Robert M. Hazen,Adrian P. Jones,John A. Baross Pdf

Volume 75 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry addresses a range of questions that were articulated in May 2008 at the First Deep Carbon Cycle Workshop in Washington, DC. At that meeting 110 scientists from a dozen countries set forth the state of knowledge about Earth's carbon. They also debated the key opportunities and top objectives facing the community. Subsequent deep carbon meetings in Bejing, China (2010), Novosibirsk, Russia (2011), and Washington, DC (2012), as well as more than a dozen smaller workshops, expanded and refined the DCO's decadal goals. The 20 chapters that follow elaborate on those opportunities and objectives.

Carbon in Earth's Interior

Craig E. Manning,Jung-Fu Lin,Wendy L. Mao

Author : Craig E. Manning,Jung-Fu Lin,Wendy L. Mao
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2020-04-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119508243

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Carbon in Earth's Interior by Craig E. Manning,Jung-Fu Lin,Wendy L. Mao Pdf

This book is Open Access. A digital copy can be downloaded for free from Wiley Online Library. Explores the behavior of carbon in minerals, melts, and fluids under extreme conditions Carbon trapped in diamonds and carbonate-bearing rocks in subduction zones are examples of the continuing exchange of substantial carbon between Earth’s surface and its interior. However, there is still much to learn about the forms, transformations, and movements of carbon deep inside the Earth. Carbon in Earth's Interior presents recent research on the physical and chemical behavior of carbon-bearing materials and serves as a reference point for future carbon science research. Volume highlights include: Data from mineral physics, petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, and geodynamics Research on the deep carbon cycle and carbon in magmas or fluids Dynamics, structure, stability, and reactivity of carbon-based natural materials Properties of allied substances that carry carbon Rates of chemical and physical transformations of carbon The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Mineral Systems, Earth Evolution, and Global Metallogeny

David Ian Groves,M. Santosh

Author : David Ian Groves,M. Santosh
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2023-09-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780443216855

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Mineral Systems, Earth Evolution, and Global Metallogeny by David Ian Groves,M. Santosh Pdf

Mineral Systems, Earth Evolution, and Global Metallogeny provides insights into the critical parameters of Earth’s evolution, particularly in terms of thermal state, tectonics, and the atmosphere-hydrosphere-biosphere system, that control the metallogeny of the planet. World-class to giant mineral systems are described and interpreted in terms of their relationship to critical periods of change in tectonic regimes within the supercontinent cycle and evolution of the mantle lithosphere. Specific times of formation of highly anomalous giant mineral systems, such as the so-called Boring Billion, are discussed together with specific tectonic environments, such as craton edges and thick lithosphere margins. Mineral Systems, Earth Evolution, and Global Metallogeny provides an overview of how the evolution of Earth has dictated the nature and distribution of its mineral resources that are the foundation of our modern industries and provides insights into critical parameters for conceptual exploration targeting. Researchers, academicians, undergraduate and graduate students, and geologists in the fields of economic geology, geologic exploration, mineral systems, and earth evolution will find this to be a helpful textbook in understanding the timing and distribution of the world’s major mineral deposits are related to critical parameters controlling earth evolution. Draws together aspects of each book section through summary tables Synthesizes data in each book section using summary diagrams/figures Provides continuity between related sections of the book by providing end-of-chapter bullet-point conclusions

Earth as an Evolving Planetary System

Kent C. Condie

Author : Kent C. Condie
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2021-09-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128199152

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Earth as an Evolving Planetary System by Kent C. Condie Pdf

Earth as an Evolving Planetary System, Fourth Edition discusses key topics dealing with the evolution and interaction through time of Earth’s crust, mantle, core, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. It addresses the questions of why Earth is unique among planets of the solar system, and how the various subsystems in the planet have interacted over 4.6 billion years in the habitable planet that we live on. This new edition includes over 100 new pages of material, data, and images and is a key reference for students and researchers in Earth and planetary sciences. Earth as an Evolving Planetary System, Fourth Edition includes new material that has become available since the third edition, including new sections on the Mid-lithosphere discontinuity, geoneutrinos, mantle oxidation, continental emergence, Earth cycles (new chapter) and recycling processes, the evolution of Earth from a stagnant lid to a plate tectonic regime, the controversy over how the continents have grown, when plate tectonics began, and exoplanets. Presents comprehensive coverage of the Earth’s interacting systems through time Compares and contrasts Earth to other terrestrial planets with very different histories Includes a new and exciting chapter on Earth’s cycles and their possible origins

Evolution Of Magmatic And Diamond Forming Systems Of The Earth S Lower Mantle

Evolution of Magmatic and Diamond-Forming Systems of the Earth's Lower Mantle by Anna V. Spivak,Yuriy A. Litvin Pdf

Advances in Experimental and Genetic Mineralogy by Yuriy Litvin,Oleg Safonov Pdf

Genesis of Diamonds and Associated Phases by Yuriy A. Litvin Pdf

The Earth's Lower Mantle by Felix V. Kaminsky Pdf

Deep Carbon by Beth N. Orcutt,Isabelle Daniel,Rajdeep Dasgupta Pdf

Magmas Under Pressure by Yoshio Kono,Chrystèle Sanloup Pdf

Biodiversity and Earth History by Jens Boenigk,Sabina Wodniok,Edvard Glücksman Pdf

Magma Redox Geochemistry by Roberto Moretti,Daniel R. Neuville Pdf

Treatise on Geophysics by Anonim Pdf

Nano and Micro Diamond Formation in Nature by Sergei Simakov,Vittorio Scribano,Nikolai Melnik,Victor Pechnikov,Irina Drozdova,Vladimir Vyalov,Mikhail Novikov Pdf

Diamond: Genesis, Mineralogy and Geochemistry by Karen Smit,Steve Shirey,Graham Pearson,Thomas Stachel,Fabrizio Nestola,Thomas Moses Pdf

Carbon in Earth by Robert M. Hazen,Adrian P. Jones,John A. Baross Pdf

Carbon in Earth's Interior by Craig E. Manning,Jung-Fu Lin,Wendy L. Mao Pdf

Mineral Systems, Earth Evolution, and Global Metallogeny by David Ian Groves,M. Santosh Pdf

Earth as an Evolving Planetary System by Kent C. Condie Pdf

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