Evolution Rationality And Cognition

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Evolution, Rationality and Cognition

Antonio Zilhao
Evolution Rationality and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Antonio Zilhao
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2006-01-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134230624

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Evolution, Rationality and Cognition by Antonio Zilhao Pdf

Evolutionary thinking has expanded in the last decades, spreading from its traditional stronghold – the explanation of speciation and adaptation in biology - to new domains. Fascinating pieces of work, the essays in this collection attest to the illuminating power of evolutionary thinking when applied to the understanding of the human mind. The contributors to Cognition, Evolution and Rationality use an evolutionary standpoint to approach the nature of the human mind, including both cognitive and behavioural functions. Cognitive science is by its nature an interdisciplinary subject and the essays in this collection investigate the workings of the mind through a variety of disciplines including the philosophy of science, the philosophy of mind, game theory, robotics and computational neuroanatomy. Topics covered range from general methodological issues to long-standing philosophical problems such as how rational human beings actually are. With contributions from leading experts in the areas involved, this book will be of interest across a number of fields, including philosophy, evolutionary theory and cognitive science.

Evolution, rationality and cognition

António Zilhão
Evolution rationality and cognition Book PDF

Author : António Zilhão
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780415591607

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Evolution, rationality and cognition by António Zilhão Pdf

Fascinating pieces of work, the essays in this collection attest to the illuminating power of evolutionary thinking when applied to the understanding of the human mind. Topics covered range from general methodological issues to long-standing philosophical problems such as human rationality.

Adaptive Thinking

Gerd Gigerenzer
Adaptive Thinking Book PDF

Author : Gerd Gigerenzer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2002-03-07
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0195153723

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Adaptive Thinking by Gerd Gigerenzer Pdf

Where do new ideas come from? What is social intelligence? Why do social scientists perform mindless statistical rituals? This vital book is about rethinking rationality as adaptive thinking: to understand how minds cope with their environments, both ecological and social.Gerd Gigerenzer proposes and illustrates a bold new research program that investigates the psychology of rationality, introducing the concepts of ecological, bounded, and social rationality. His path-breaking collection takes research on thinking, social intelligence, creativity, and decision-making out of an ethereal world where the laws of logic and probability reign, and places it into our real world of human behavior and interaction. Adaptive Thinking is accessibly written for general readers with an interest in psychology, cognitive science, economics, sociology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, and animal behavior. It also teaches a practical audience, such as physicians, AIDS counselors, and experts in criminal law, how to understand and communicate uncertainties and risks.

Rationality for Mortals

Gerd Gigerenzer
Rationality for Mortals Book PDF

Author : Gerd Gigerenzer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2010-04-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199890125

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Rationality for Mortals by Gerd Gigerenzer Pdf

Gerd Gigerenzer's influential work examines the rationality of individuals not from the perspective of logic or probability, but from the point of view of adaptation to the real world of human behavior and interaction with the environment. Seen from this perspective, human behavior is more rational than it might otherwise appear. This work is extremely influential and has spawned an entire research program. This volume (which follows on a previous collection, Adaptive Thinking, also published by OUP) collects his most recent articles, looking at how people use "fast and frugal heuristics" to calculate probability and risk and make decisions. It includes a newly writen, substantial introduction, and the articles have been revised and updated where appropriate. This volume should appeal, like the earlier volumes, to a broad mixture of cognitive psychologists, philosophers, economists, and others who study decision making.

Modeling Rationality, Morality, and Evolution

Peter Danielson
Modeling Rationality Morality and Evolution Book PDF

Author : Peter Danielson
Publisher : New York : Oxford University Press
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Ethics
ISBN : 9780195125498

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Modeling Rationality, Morality, and Evolution by Peter Danielson Pdf

These essays focus on questions that arise when morality is considered from the perspective of rational choice and evolution. It links questions like ""is it rational to be moral?"" to the evolution of co-operation, and uses models from game theory, evolutionary biology and cognitive science.

The Evolution of Cognition

Cecilia M. Heyes,Ludwig Huber
The Evolution of Cognition Book PDF

Author : Cecilia M. Heyes,Ludwig Huber
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0262082861

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The Evolution of Cognition by Cecilia M. Heyes,Ludwig Huber Pdf

In the last decade, "evolutionary psychology" has come to refer exclusively to research on human mentality and behavior, motivated by a nativist interpretation of how evolution operates. This book encompasses the behavior and mentality of nonhuman as well as human animals and a full range of evolutionary approaches. Rather than a collection by and for the like-minded, it is a debate about how evolutionary processes have shaped cognition. The debate is divided into five sections: Orientations, on the phylogenetic, ecological, and psychological/comparative approaches to the evolution of cognition; Categorization, on how various animals parse their environments, how they represent objects and events and the relations among them; Causality, on whether and in what ways nonhuman animals represent cause and effect relationships; Consciousness, on whether it makes sense to talk about the evolution of consciousness and whether the phenomenon can be investigated empirically in nonhuman animals; and Culture, on the cognitive requirements for nongenetic transmission of information and the evolutionary consequences of such cultural exchange. ContributorsBernard Balleine, Patrick Bateson, Michael J. Beran, M. E. Bitterman, Robert Boyd, Nicola Clayton, Juan Delius, Anthony Dickinson, Robin Dunbar, D.P. Griffiths, Bernd Heinrich, Cecilia Heyes, William A. Hillix, Ludwig Huber, Nicholas Humphrey, Masako Jitsumori, Louis Lefebvre, Nicholas Mackintosh, Euan M. Macphail, Peter Richerson, Duane M. Rumbaugh, Sara Shettleworth, Martina Siemann, Kim Sterelny, Michael Tomasello, Laura Weiser, Alexandra Wells, Carolyn Wilczynski, David Sloan Wilson

Evolution, Cognition, and Realism

Nicholas Rescher
Evolution Cognition and Realism Book PDF

Author : Nicholas Rescher
Publisher : University Press of America
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0819177555

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Evolution, Cognition, and Realism by Nicholas Rescher Pdf

This collection of essays originated from an interdisciplinary conference on 'Evolutionary Epistemology' held in Pittsburgh in December of 1988 under the sponsorship of the University of Pittsburgh's Center for Philosophy of Science. Contents: Epistemological Roles for Selection Theory, by Donald T. Campbell; Evolutionary Models of Science, by Ronald N. Giere; Should Epistemologists Take Darwin Seriously? by Michael Bradie; Natural Selection, Justification, and Inference to the Best Explanation, by Alan H. Goldman; Interspecific Competition, Evolutionary Epistemology, and Ecology, by Kristin Shrader-Frechette; Toward Making Evolutionary Epistemology into a Truly Naturalized Epistemology, by William Bechtel; Confessions of a Creationist, by C. Kenneth Waters. Co-published with the Center for Philosophy of Science.

Rationality

Steven Pinker
Rationality Book PDF

Author : Steven Pinker
Publisher : Penguin UK
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2021-09-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780241380307

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Rationality by Steven Pinker Pdf

A TIMES BOOK OF THE YEAR 2021 'Punchy, funny and invigorating ... Pinker is the high priest of rationalism' Sunday Times 'If you've ever considered taking drugs to make yourself smarter, read Rationality instead. It's cheaper, more entertaining, and more effective' Jonathan Haidt, author of The Righteous Mind In the twenty-first century, humanity is reaching new heights of scientific understanding - and at the same time appears to be losing its mind. How can a species that discovered vaccines for Covid-19 in less than a year produce so much fake news, quack cures and conspiracy theorizing? In Rationality, Pinker rejects the cynical cliché that humans are simply an irrational species - cavemen out of time fatally cursed with biases, fallacies and illusions. After all, we discovered the laws of nature, lengthened and enriched our lives and set the benchmarks for rationality itself. Instead, he explains, we think in ways that suit the low-tech contexts in which we spend most of our lives, but fail to take advantage of the powerful tools of reasoning we have built up over millennia: logic, critical thinking, probability, causal inference, and decision-making under uncertainty. These tools are not a standard part of our educational curricula, and have never been presented clearly and entertainingly in a single book - until now. Rationality matters. It leads to better choices in our lives and in the public sphere, and is the ultimate driver of social justice and moral progress. Brimming with insight and humour, Rationality will enlighten, inspire and empower. 'A terrific book, much-needed for our time' Peter Singer

Why Think?

Ronald de Sousa
Why Think Book PDF

Author : Ronald de Sousa
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2007-06-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 0198040938

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Why Think? by Ronald de Sousa Pdf

In a world where natural selection has shaped adaptations of astonishing ingenuity, what is the scope and unique power of rational thinking? In this short but wide-ranging book, philosopher Ronald de Sousa looks at the twin set of issues surrounding the power of natural selection to mimic rational design, and rational thinking as itself a product of natural selection. While we commonly deem ourselves superior to other species, the logic of natural selection should not lead us to expect that nature does everything for the best. Similarly, rational action does not always promote the best possible outcomes. So what is the difference? Is the pursuit of rationality actually an effective strategy? Part of the answer lies in language, including mathematics and science. Language is the most striking device by which we have made ourselves smarter than our nearest primate cousins. Sometimes the purely instinctual responses we share with other animals put explicit reasoning to shame: the movements of a trained athlete are faster and more accurate than anything she could explicitly calculate. Language, however, with its power to abstract from concrete experience and to range over all aspects of nature, enables breathtakingly precise calculations, which have taken us to the moon and beyond. Most importantly, however, language enables us to formulate an endless multiplicity of values, in potential conflict with one another as well as with instinctual imperatives. In short, this sophisticated and entertaining book shows how our rationality and our irrationality are inextricably intertwined. Ranging over a wide array of evidence, it explores the true ramifications of being human in the natural world.

Evolution and the Psychology of Thinking

David E. Over
Evolution and the Psychology of Thinking Book PDF

Author : David E. Over
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2004-06-02
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135426316

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Evolution and the Psychology of Thinking by David E. Over Pdf

The field of evolutionary cognitive psychology has stimulated considerable interest and debate among cognitive psychologists and those working in related areas. In this collection, leading experts evaluate the status of this new field, providing a critical analysis of its most controversial hypotheses. These hypotheses have far reaching implications for cognition, including a modular view of the mind, which rejects, in its extreme form, any general learning or reasoning abilities. Some evolutionary psychologists have also proposed content-dependent accounts of conditional reasoning and probability judgements, which in turn have significant, and equally controversial, implications about the nature of human reasoning and decision making. The contributions range from those that are highly critical of the hypotheses to those that support and develop them. The result is a uniquely balanced, cutting-edge evaluation of the field that will be of interest to psychologists, philosophers and those in related subjects who wish to find out what evolutionary considerations can, and cannot, tell us about the human mind.

Simply Rational

Gerd Gigerenzer
Simply Rational Book PDF

Author : Gerd Gigerenzer
Publisher : Evolution and Cognition
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199390076

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Simply Rational by Gerd Gigerenzer Pdf

Statistical illiteracy can have an enormously negative impact on decision making. This volume of collected papers brings together applied and theoretical research on risks and decision making across the fields of medicine, psychology, and economics. Collectively, the essays demonstrate why the frame in which statistics are communicated is essential for broader understanding and sound decision making, and that understanding risks and uncertainty has wide-reaching implications for daily life. Gerd Gigerenzer provides a lucid review and catalog of concrete instances of heuristics, or rules of thumb, that people and animals rely on to make decisions under uncertainty, explaining why these are very often more rational than probability models. After a critical look at behavioral theories that do not model actual psychological processes, the book concludes with a call for a heuristic revolution that will enable us to understand the ecological rationality of both statistics and heuristics, and bring a dose of sanity to the study of rationality.

Cognition, Rationality, and Institutions

Manfred E. Streit,Uwe Mummert,Daniel Kiwit
Cognition Rationality and Institutions Book PDF

Author : Manfred E. Streit,Uwe Mummert,Daniel Kiwit
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783642597831

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Cognition, Rationality, and Institutions by Manfred E. Streit,Uwe Mummert,Daniel Kiwit Pdf

Institutions are rules that are supported by various enforcement mechanisms. Cognition refers to the process of how men perceive and process information, whereas rationality refers to how these processes are modelled. Within institutional economics there is a growing scepticism towards extending the conventional economic frame of analysis to institutions. In particular, the notion of perfect rationality is increasingly questioned. At the same time human cognition has become a major field of research in psychology. This book explores what institutional economics can learn from cognitive psychology regarding the proper modelling of rationality in order to explain institutional change.

The Roots of Reason

David Papineau
The Roots of Reason Book PDF

Author : David Papineau
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2006-01-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191516085

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The Roots of Reason by David Papineau Pdf

David Papineau presents a controversial view of human reason, portraying it as a normal part of the natural world, and drawing on the empirical sciences to illuminate its workings. In these six interconnected essays he offers a fresh approach to some long-standing problems. Papineau rejects the contemporary orthodoxy that genuine thought hinges on some species of non-natural normativity. He explores the evolutionary histories of theoretical and practical rationality, indicating ways in which capacities underlying human reasoning have been selected for their biological advantages. He then looks at the connection between decision and probability, explaining how good decisions need to be informed by causal as well as probabilistic facts. Finally he defends the radical view that a satisfactory understanding of decision-making is only possible within a specific interpretation of quantum mechanics. By placing the subject in its scientific context, Papineau shows how human rationality plays an explicable role in the functioning of the natural world.

Modeling Rationality, Morality, and Evolution

Peter Danielson
Modeling Rationality Morality and Evolution Book PDF

Author : Peter Danielson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1998-10-29
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780195352276

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Modeling Rationality, Morality, and Evolution by Peter Danielson Pdf

This collection focuses on questions that arise when morality is considered from the perspective of recent work on rational choice and evolution. Linking questions like "Is it rational to be moral?" to the evolution of cooperation in "The Prisoners Dilemma," the book brings together new work using models from game theory, evolutionary biology, and cognitive science, as well as from philosophical analysis. Among the contributors are leading figures in these fields, including David Gauthier, Paul M. Churchland, Brian Skyrms, Ronald de Sousa, and Elliot Sober.

Cognitive Evolution

Alice Travis
Cognitive Evolution Book PDF

Author : Alice Travis
Publisher : Universal-Publishers
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781581129816

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Cognitive Evolution by Alice Travis Pdf

In a bold, reasoned, and meticulously researched knowledge leap, Cognitive Evolution erases the demarcation between life and intelligent life, deciphers the concepts of intelligence and cognition, and moves our kind to the precipices of digitizing the anatomical gnome of reason. Cognitive Evolution suggests that the high order mental behaviors of Homo sapiens are rooted in the same biology as the moth's attraction to light, worker bees' foreknowledge of their assignments, ants' knowledge of the mechanics to execute the architectural design of an ant hill, or a female cat's instinct to open the umbilical sack after giving birth. Author Alice Travis ponders, "If we begin with what we accept to be intelligent life, at what point does life become non-intelligent?" It was the recognition that there is no such point that gave birth to Cognitive Evolution, and its groundbreaking interpretation of intelligence. Electronic ebook edition available. Click on Diesel ebooks logo to the left.