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How Humans Evolved by Robert Boyd,Joan B. Silk Pdf
The most complete introduction to the science of human evolution.With a signature blend of evolutionary theory, population genetics, and behavioral ecology, How Humans Evolved teaches the science and history behind human evolution. Thoroughly updated with coverage of recent research and new discoveries, the Eighth Edition offers the most visual, dynamic, and effective learning tools in its field. The Eighth Edition also includes an expanded suite of animations that help students better visualize and understand tricky concepts, as well as real-world videos and InQuizitive adaptive learning.
An illustrated tribute to the evolution of species and all the incredible ways that animals have adapted to the world around them. How did fish get scales? Why do some animals have wings? What sea creature still has fingers hidden away in their fins? Journey through the animal kingdom, learning all about the different parts of animals that have evolved over the centuries, the ways that they have adapted to survive and the amazing reasons behind these adaptations. With different spreads on claws, feathers, eyes, hair, defenses and much more, readers will be able to compare the changes seen in different animals and see how incredible nature is at survival.
Handbook of Grammatical Evolution by Conor Ryan,Michael O'Neill,JJ Collins Pdf
This handbook offers a comprehensive treatise on Grammatical Evolution (GE), a grammar-based Evolutionary Algorithm that employs a function to map binary strings into higher-level structures such as programs. GE's simplicity and modular nature make it a very flexible tool. Since its introduction almost twenty years ago, researchers have applied it to a vast range of problem domains, including financial modelling, parallel programming and genetics. Similarly, much work has been conducted to exploit and understand the nature of its mapping scheme, triggering additional research on everything from different grammars to alternative mappers to initialization. The book first introduces GE to the novice, providing a thorough description of GE along with historical key advances. Two sections follow, each composed of chapters from international leading researchers in the field. The first section concentrates on analysis of GE and its operation, giving valuable insight into set up and deployment. The second section consists of seven chapters describing radically different applications of GE. The contributions in this volume are beneficial to both novices and experts alike, as they detail the results and researcher experiences of applying GE to large scale and difficult problems. Topics include: • Grammar design • Bias in GE • Mapping in GE • Theory of disruption in GE · Structured GE · Geometric semantic GE · GE and semantics · Multi- and Many-core heterogeneous parallel GE · Comparing methods to creating constants in GE · Financial modelling with GE · Synthesis of parallel programs on multi-cores · Design, architecture and engineering with GE · Computational creativity and GE · GE in the prediction of glucose for diabetes · GE approaches to bioinformatics and system genomics · GE with coevolutionary algorithms in cybersecurity · Evolving behaviour trees with GE for platform games · Business analytics and GE for the prediction of patient recruitment in multicentre clinical trials
Introduction -- The 12 core principles of ecommerce -- pt. I: Evolved strategy : Funnel-based ecommerce ; Recurring income core -- Think before you sell ; Conversion tricks, sales boosts, and profit maximizers -- pt. II: Evolved intelligence : Your target market ; Your competition ; Exploit your data -- pt. III: Evolved marketing : Advertising channels ; Front-end marketing ; Back-end marketing-- Final thoughts.
Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms by National Academy of Sciences Pdf
"The present book is intended as a progress report on [the] synthetic approach to evolution as it applies to the plant kingdom." With this simple statement, G. Ledyard Stebbins formulated the objectives of Variation and Evolution in Plants, published in 1950, setting forth for plants what became known as the "synthetic theory of evolution" or "the modern synthesis." The pervading conceit of the book was the molding of Darwin's evolution by natural selection within the framework of rapidly advancing genetic knowledge. At the time, Variation and Evolution in Plants significantly extended the scope of the science of plants. Plants, with their unique genetic, physiological, and evolutionary features, had all but been left completely out of the synthesis until that point. Fifty years later, the National Academy of Sciences convened a colloquium to update the advances made by Stebbins. This collection of 17 papers marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of Stebbins' classic. Organized into five sections, the book covers: early evolution and the origin of cells, virus and bacterial models, protoctist models, population variation, and trends and patterns in plant evolution.
Artificial Evolution by Pierre Collet,Cyril Fonlupt,Jin-Kao Hao,Evelyne Lutton,Marc Schoenauer Pdf
The Evolution Arti?cielle cycle of conferences was originally initiated as a forum for the French-speaking evolutionary computation community. Previous EA m- tings were held in Toulouse (EA’94), Brest (EA’95, LNCS 1063), Nˆ?mes (EA’97, LNCS 1363), Dunkerque (EA’99, LNCS 1829), and ?nally, EA 2001 was hosted by the Universit ́e de Bourgogne in the small town of Le Creusot, in an area of France renowned for its excellent wines. However, the EA conferences have been receiving more and more papers from the international community: this conference can be considered fully internat- nal, with 39submissions from non-francophonic countries on all ?ve continents, out of a total of 68. Out of these 68 papers, only 28 were presented orally (41%) due to the formula of the conference (single session with presentations of 30 minutes) that all participants seem to appreciate a lot. The Organizing Committee wishes to thank the members of the International Program Committee for their hard work (mainly due to the large number of submissions) and for the service they rendered to the community by ensuring the high scienti?c content of the papers presented. Actually, the overall quality of the papers presented was very high and all 28 presentations are included in this volume, grouped in 8 sections which more or less re?ect the organization of the oral session: 1. Invited Paper: P. Bentley gave a great talk on his classi?cation of int- disciplinary collaborations, and showed us some of his work with musicians and biologists.
The Evolution of Mammalian Characters by D. M. Kermack Pdf
This book is not intended to give a full and comprehensive account of the Mesozoic mammals, and nor is it intended as a handbook for research workers studying pre-Tertiary mammals. Our intention is to give an account of the origin and evolution of certain of the characters of the Mammalia. We have tried to portray the fossils we describe as the living animals they once were, not as dead bones. Our account ends with the end of the Lower Cretaceous, since by that time the major characters of the mammals had become established. There exist a number of characters which, at the present day, are confined to the Mammalia. These include: (1) a jaw articulation formed by the squamosal and the dentary; (2) a chain of three bones, malleus, incus and stapes connecting the tympanic membrane to the inner ear; (3) the presence of hair or fur; (4) the presence of milk-glands in the female; (5) the left aortic arch is the systemic arch; (6) the phalangeal formula in both manus and pes is 2.3.3.3.3; (7) some of the teeth have more than one root. Of these characters (1) or (2) are sufficient by themselves to define a mammal; characters (6) and (7) are known to have been already in existence in some of the mammal-like reptiles - the ancestors of the mammals.
The new poetry collection from the award-winning author of Chelsea Girls reads like “an arrival, a voice always becoming, unpinnable and queer” (Natalie Diaz, New York Times Book Review). The first all-new collection of poems from Eileen Myles since 2011’s Snowflake/different streets, Evolution follows the author’s critically acclaimed Afterglow (a dog memoir), as well as a volume of selected poems, I Must Be Living Twice. In these new poems, we find the eminent, exuberant writer at the forefront of American literature, upending genre in a new vernacular that radiates insight, purpose, and risk while channeling of Quakers, Fresca, and cell phones. This long-awaited new collection “lopes forward in the strutting style of the witnessing and sincere, but gorgeously nonaustere, poet in New York…The gift of Evolution is its bold depiction of the textually-rendered ‘I’-Eileen” (Kenyon Review). A New York Times Book Review Editors’ Choice
Evolution and the Levels of Selection by Samir Okasha Pdf
Does natural selection act primarily on individual organisms, on groups, on genes, or on whole species? Samir Okasha provides a comprehensive analysis of the debate in evolutionary biology over the levels of selection, focusing on conceptual, philosophical and foundational questions. A systematic framework is developed for thinking about natural selection acting at multiple levels of the biological hierarchy; the framework is then used to help resolve outstanding issues. Considerable attention is paid to the concept of causality as it relates to the levels of selection, in particular the idea that natural selection at one hierarchical level can have effects that 'filter' up or down to other levels. Unlike previous work in this area by philosophers of science, full account is taken of the recent biological literature on 'major evolutionary transitions' and the recent resurgence of interest in multi-level selection theory among biologists. Other biological topics discussed include Price's equation, kin and group selection, the gene's eye view, evolutionary game theory, outlaws and selfish genetic elements, species and clade selection, and the evolution of individuality. Philosophical topics discussed include reductionism and holism, causation and correlation, the nature of hierarchical organization, and realism and pluralism.
Integrated Molecular Evolution by Scott Orland Rogers Pdf
Molecular evolution, phylogenetics, genomics, and other related topics are all critical to understanding evolutionary processes. All too frequently, however, they are treated separately in textbooks and courses, such that students fail to connect all of the concepts, principles, and nuances of the evolutionary processes. Integrated Molecular Evolut
Artificial Evolution by Jin-Kao Hao,Pierrick Legrand,Pierre Collet,Nicolas Monmarché,Evelyne Lutton,Marc Schoenauer Pdf
This book constitutes selected best papers from the 10th International Conference on Artificial Evolution, EA 2011, held in Angers, France, in October 2011. Initially, 33 full papers and 10 post papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 64 submissions. This book presents the 19 best papers selected from these contributions. The papers are organized in topical sections on ant colony optimization; multi-objective optimization; analysis; implementation and robotics; combinatorial optimization; learning and parameter tuning; new nature inspired models; probabilistic algorithms; theory and evolutionary search; and applications.
The book tells the story of how we never evolved to exercise - to do voluntary physical activity for the sake of health. Using his own research and experiences throughout the world, the author recounts how and why humans evolved to walk, run, dig, and do other necessary and rewarding physical activities while avoiding needless exertion. Drawing on insights from biology and anthropology, the author suggests how we can make exercise more enjoyable, rather that shaming and blaming people for avoiding it
In 2068, androids are an integrated part of human life. Big Brother no longer just watches from the shadows. It's in every household. Lloyd Salter has OCD issues with noise, mess, and he's uncomfortable with human interaction. When his ex claimed the only thing perfect enough to live up to his standards was an android, Lloyd dismissed it. But two years later, after much self-assessment, he thinks he may have been right. SATinc is the largest manufacturer of androids in Australia, including the Fully Compatible Units known as an A-Class 10. Their latest design is the Synthetic Human Android UNit, otherwise known as SHAUN. Shaun is compatible to Lloyd's every need; the perfect fit on an intellectual and physical basis. But Lloyd soon realises Shaun's not like other A-Class androids. He learns. He adapts. Sure that SATinc is aware Shaun functions outside of his programmed parameters, Lloyd must find a way to keep Shaun safe. No one can know how special Shaun is. No one can know he's evolved.