Experiments In International Benchmarking Of Us Research Fields

Author : Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2000-03-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309068987

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Experiments in International Benchmarking of US Research Fields by Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy Pdf

How can the federal government gauge the overall health of scientific researchâ€"as a whole and in its partsâ€"and determine whether national funding adequately supports national research objectives? It is feasible to monitor US performance with field-by-field peer assessments. This might be done through the establishment of independent panels consisting of researchers who work in a field, individuals who work in closely related fields, and research "users" who follow the field closely. Some of these individuals should be outstanding foreign scientists in the field being examined. This technique of comparative international assessments is also known as international benchmarking. Experiments in International Benchmarking of U.S. Research Fields evaluates the feasibility and utility of the benchmarking technique. In order to do this, the report internationally benchmarks three fields: mathematics, immunology, and materials science and engineering, then summarizes the results of these experiments.

Author : Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2000-02-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309172189

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Experiments in International Benchmarking of US Research Fields by Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy Pdf

How can the federal government gauge the overall health of scientific researchâ€"as a whole and in its partsâ€"and determine whether national funding adequately supports national research objectives? It is feasible to monitor US performance with field-by-field peer assessments. This might be done through the establishment of independent panels consisting of researchers who work in a field, individuals who work in closely related fields, and research "users" who follow the field closely. Some of these individuals should be outstanding foreign scientists in the field being examined. This technique of comparative international assessments is also known as international benchmarking. Experiments in International Benchmarking of U.S. Research Fields evaluates the feasibility and utility of the benchmarking technique. In order to do this, the report internationally benchmarks three fields: mathematics, immunology, and materials science and engineering, then summarizes the results of these experiments.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Basic Research
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : PSU:000044859091

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Benchmarking U.S. Science by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Basic Research Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Panel on Benchmarking the Research Competitiveness of the U.S. in Chemical Engineering
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2007-08-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309105378

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International Benchmarking of U.S. Chemical Engineering Research Competitiveness by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Panel on Benchmarking the Research Competitiveness of the U.S. in Chemical Engineering Pdf

More than $400 billion worth of products rely on innovations in chemistry. Chemical engineering, as an academic discipline and profession, has enabled this achievement. In response to growing concerns about the future of the discipline, International Benchmarking of U.S. Chemical Engineering Research Competitiveness gauges the standing of the U.S. chemical engineering enterprise in the world. This in-depth benchmarking analysis is based on measures including numbers of published papers, citations, trends in degrees conferred, patent productivity, and awards. The book concludes that the United States is presently, and is expected to remain, among the world's leaders in all subareas of chemical engineering research. However, U.S. leadership in some classical and emerging subareas will be strongly challenged. This critical analysis will be of interest to practicing chemical engineers, professors and students in the discipline, economists, policy makers, major research university administrators, and executives in industries dependent upon innovations in chemistry.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Panel on Benchmarking the Research Competitiveness of the United States in Mechanical Engineering
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 119 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2008-12-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309114264

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Benchmarking the Competitiveness of the United States in Mechanical Engineering Basic Research by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Panel on Benchmarking the Research Competitiveness of the United States in Mechanical Engineering Pdf

Mechanical engineering is critical to the design, manufacture, and operation of small and large mechanical systems throughout the U.S. economy. This book highlights the main findings of a benchmarking exercise to rate the standing of U.S. mechanical engineering basic research relative to other regions or countries. The book includes key factors that influence U.S. performance in mechanical engineering research, and near- and longer-term projections of research leadership. U.S. leadership in mechanical engineering basic research overall will continue to be strong. Contributions of U.S. mechanical engineers to journal articles will increase, but so will the contributions from other growing economies such as China and India. At the same time, the supply of U.S. mechanical engineers is in jeopardy, because of declines in the number of U.S. citizens obtaining advanced degrees and uncertain prospects for continuing to attract foreign students. U.S. funding of mechanical engineering basic research and infrastructure will remain level, with strong leadership in emerging areas.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Benchmarking the Research Competitiveness of the United States in Chemistry
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2007-07-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309105330

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The Future of U.S. Chemistry Research by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Benchmarking the Research Competitiveness of the United States in Chemistry Pdf

Chemistry plays a key role in conquering diseases, solving energy problems, addressing environmental problems, providing the discoveries that lead to new industries, and developing new materials and technologies for national defense and homeland security. However, the field is currently facing a crucial time of change and is struggling to position itself to meet the needs of the future as it expands beyond its traditional core toward areas related to biology, materials science, and nanotechnology. At the request of the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Research Council conducted an in-depth benchmarking analysis to gauge the current standing of the U.S. chemistry field in the world. The Future of U.S. Chemistry Research: Benchmarks and Challenges highlights the main findings of the benchmarking exercise.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Basic Research
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Benchmarking (Management)
ISBN : MINN:31951P00701580H

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Benchmarking U.S. Science by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Basic Research Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 630 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : PSU:000058162088

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Science, Technology, and Global Economic Competitiveness by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science Pdf

Author : Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Committee on Prospering in the Global Economy of the 21st Century: An Agenda for American Science and Technology
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 590 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2007-03-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309100397

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Rising Above the Gathering Storm by Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Committee on Prospering in the Global Economy of the 21st Century: An Agenda for American Science and Technology Pdf

In a world where advanced knowledge is widespread and low-cost labor is readily available, U.S. advantages in the marketplace and in science and technology have begun to erode. A comprehensive and coordinated federal effort is urgently needed to bolster U.S. competitiveness and pre-eminence in these areas. This congressionally requested report by a pre-eminent committee makes four recommendations along with 20 implementation actions that federal policy-makers should take to create high-quality jobs and focus new science and technology efforts on meeting the nation's needs, especially in the area of clean, affordable energy: 1) Increase America's talent pool by vastly improving K-12 mathematics and science education; 2) Sustain and strengthen the nation's commitment to long-term basic research; 3) Develop, recruit, and retain top students, scientists, and engineers from both the U.S. and abroad; and 4) Ensure that the United States is the premier place in the world for innovation. Some actions will involve changing existing laws, while others will require financial support that would come from reallocating existing budgets or increasing them. Rising Above the Gathering Storm will be of great interest to federal and state government agencies, educators and schools, public decision makers, research sponsors, regulatory analysts, and scholars.

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Center for Studies of Behavior and Development,Committee on Assessing Behavioral and Social Science Research on Aging
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2007-03-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309103978

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A Strategy for Assessing Science by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Center for Studies of Behavior and Development,Committee on Assessing Behavioral and Social Science Research on Aging Pdf

A Strategy for Assessing Science offers strategic advice on the perennial issue of assessing rates of progress in different scientific fields. It considers available knowledge about how science makes progress and examines a range of decision-making strategies for addressing key science policy concerns. These include avoiding undue conservatism that may arise from the influence of established disciplines; achieving rational, high-quality, accountable, and transparent decision processes; and establishing an appropriate balance of influence between scientific communities and agency science managers. A Strategy for Assessing Science identifies principles for setting priorities and specific recommendations for the context of behavioral and social research on aging.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Solid State Sciences Committee,MRSEC Impact Assessment Committee
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2007-10-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309178969

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The National Science Foundation's Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers Program by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Solid State Sciences Committee,MRSEC Impact Assessment Committee Pdf

The Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC) Impact Assessment Committee was convened by the National Research Council in response to an informal request from the National Science Foundation. Charged to examine the impact of the MRSEC program and to provide guidance for the future, the committee included experts from across materials research as well as several from outside the field. The committee developed a general methodology to examine the MRSEC centers and after extensive research and analysis, came to the following conclusions. MRSEC center awards continue to be in great demand. The intense competition within the community for them indicates a strong perceived value. Using more quantitative measures, the committee examined the performance and impact of MRSEC activities over the past decade in the areas of research, facilities, education and outreach, and industrial collaboration and technology transfer. The MRSEC program has had important impacts of the same high standard of quality as those of other multi-investigator or individual-investigator programs. Although the committee was largely unable to attribute observed impacts uniquely to the MRSEC program, MRSECs generally mobilize efforts that would not have occurred otherwise. Because of an observed decline in the effectiveness of the centers, the committee recommended a restructuring the MRSEC program to allow more efficient use and leveraging of resources. The new program should fully invest in centers of excellence as well as in stand-alone teams of researchers to allow tighter focus on key strengths of the program. In its report, the committee outlines one potential vision for how this might be accomplished in a revenue-neutral fashion.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Solid State Sciences Committee,Committee on Smaller Facilities
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 251 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2006-04-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309097024

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Midsize Facilities by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Solid State Sciences Committee,Committee on Smaller Facilities Pdf

Most of the instruments now used for materials research are too complex and expensive for individual investigators to own, operate, and maintain them. Consequently, they have become increasingly consolidated into multi-user, small to midsized research facilities, located at many sites around the country. The proliferation of these facilities, however, has drawn calls for a careful assessment of best principles for their operation. With support from the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation, the NRC carried out a study to characterize and discuss ways to optimize investments in materials research facility infrastructure with attention to midsize facilities. This report provides an assessment of the nature and importance of mid-sized facilities, their capabilities, challenges they face, current investment, and optimizing their effectiveness.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Materials Advisory Board,Committee on Globalization of Materials Research and Development
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2005-10-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309164962

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Globalization of Materials R&D by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Materials Advisory Board,Committee on Globalization of Materials Research and Development Pdf

Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) R&D is spreading globally at an accelerating rate. As a result, the relative U.S. position in a number of MSE subfields is in a state of flux. To understand better this trend and its implications for the U.S. economy and national security, the Department of Defense (DOD) asked the NRC to assess the status and impacts of the global spread of MSE R&D. This report presents a discussion of drivers affecting U.S. companies' decisions about location of MSE R&D, an analysis of impacts on the U.S. economy and national security, and recommendations to ensure continued U.S. access to critical MSE R&D.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 2290 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Electronic
ISBN : STANFORD:36105050218622

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107-1 Hearing: Energy And Water Development Appropriations For 2002, Part 5, 2001 by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Materials and Manufacturing Board,Committee on Materials Needs and R&D Strategy for Future Military Aerospace Propulsion Systems
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2011-06-20
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309212144

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Materials Needs and R&D Strategy for Future Military Aerospace Propulsion Systems by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Materials and Manufacturing Board,Committee on Materials Needs and R&D Strategy for Future Military Aerospace Propulsion Systems Pdf

The ongoing development of military aerospace platforms requires continuous technology advances in order to provide the nation's war fighters with the desired advantage. Significant advances in the performance and efficiency of jet and rocket propulsion systems are strongly dependent on the development of lighter more durable high-temperature materials. Materials development has been significantly reduced in the United States since the early 1990s, when the Department of Defense (DOD), the military services, and industry had very active materials development activities to underpin the development of new propulsion systems. This resulted in significant improvements in all engine characteristics and established the United States in global propulsion technology. Many of the significant advances in aircraft and rocket propulsion have been enabled by improved materials and, materials manufacturing processes. To improve efficiency further, engine weight must be reduced while preserving thrust. Materials Needs and Research and Development Strategy for Future Military Aerospace Propulsion Systems examines whether current and planned U.S. efforts are sufficient to meet U.S. military needs while keeping the U.S. on the leading edge of propulsion technology. This report considers mechanisms for the timely insertion of materials in propulsion systems and how these mechanisms might be improved, and describes the general elements of research and development strategies to develop materials for future military aerospace propulsion systems. The conclusions and recommendations asserted in this report will enhance the efficiency, level of effort, and impact of DOD materials development activities.