Export Quality In Developing Countries

Author : Christian Henn,Mr.Chris Papageorgiou,Mr.Nicola Spatafora
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484378298

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Export Quality in Developing Countries by Christian Henn,Mr.Chris Papageorgiou,Mr.Nicola Spatafora Pdf

This paper develops new, far more extensive estimates of export quality, covering 178 countries and hundreds of products over 1962–2010. Quality upgrading is particularly rapid during the early stages of development, with quality convergence largely completed as a country reaches upper middle-income status. There is significant cross-country heterogeneity in quality growth rates. Within any given product line, quality converges both conditionally and unconditionally to the world frontier; increases in institutional quality and human capital are associated with faster quality upgrading. In turn, faster growth in quality is associated with more rapid output growth. The evidence suggests that quality upgrading is best encouraged through a broadly conducive domestic environment, rather than sector-specific policies. Diversification is important to create new upgrading opportunities.

Author : Rajat Acharyya,Shrimoyee Ganguly
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2023-01-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781009354677

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Export Quality and Income Distribution by Rajat Acharyya,Shrimoyee Ganguly Pdf

Given the increasing sensitivity of buyers in the richer countries towards quality of goods they consume, low-quality exports largely constrain export-growth of the developing countries. This Element documents the attempts to estimate cross-country quality variations and reviews the demand side and supply side explanations for the low-quality phenomenon. It examines how trade policies can incentivize export-quality upgrading, and discusses the underlying channels through which a reverse causality from export-quality upon within-country income or wage inequality may develop.

Author : International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO.
Publisher : United Nations Publications
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105111046103

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Export Quality Management by International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO. Pdf

The Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations significantly reduced tariff barriers to trade. However, exporters continue to face non-tariff barriers in the form of standards, technical regulations, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, and conformity assessment procedures. To meet the requirements these impose and demonstrate compliance with them is a difficult and costly process for exporters in developing countries and transition economies. Many of these countries have not yet been able to take full advantage of the WTO Agreements largely because of a lack of resources. Given this, the International Trade Center has produced this guide providing SME managers in developing countries and transition economies with answers in simple language to their most frequently asked questions on standards and conformity assessment. The questions address issues such as technical regulations and standards, product certification, testing, metrology, quality management, ISO 9000, other management systems, accreditation and the Agreements on TBT and SPS.

Author : Alberto Amurgo-Pacheco
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Patterns of Export Diversification in Developing Countries by Alberto Amurgo-Pacheco Pdf

This paper uses highly disaggregated trade data to investigate geographic and product diversification patterns across a group of developing nations for the period from 1990 to 2005. The econometric investigation shows that the gravity equation fits the observed differences in diversification across nations. The analysis shows that exports at the intensive margin account for the most important share of overall trade growth. At the extensive margin, geographic diversification is more important than product diversification, especially for developing countries. Taking part in free trade agreements, thereby reducing trade costs, and trading with countries in the North are also found to have positive impacts on export diversification for developing countries.

Author : Daniel Lederman,William Maloney
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2012-06-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821395462

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Does What You Export Matter? by Daniel Lederman,William Maloney Pdf

Does what economies export matter for development? If so, can industrial policies improve on the export basket generated by the market? This book approaches these questions from a variety of conceptual and policy viewpoints. Reviewing the theoretical arguments in favor of industrial policies, the authors first ask whether existing indicators allow policy makers to identify growth-promoting sectors with confidence. To this end, they assess, and ultimately cast doubt upon, the reliability of many popular indicators advocated by proponents of industrial policy. Second, and central to their critique, the authors document extraordinary differences in the performance of countries exporting seemingly identical products, be they natural resources or 'high-tech' goods. Further, they argue that globalization has so fragmented the production process that even talking about exported goods as opposed to tasks may be misleading. Reviewing evidence from history and from around the world, the authors conclude that policy makers should focus less on what is produced, and more on how it is produced. They analyze alternative approaches to picking winners but conclude by favoring 'horizontal-ish' policies--for instance, those that build human capital or foment innovation in existing and future products that only incidentally favor some sectors over others.

Author : Arti Grover Goswami,Aaditya Mattoo,Sebastian Saez
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 407 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821388167

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Exporting Services by Arti Grover Goswami,Aaditya Mattoo,Sebastian Saez Pdf

The past two decades have seen exciting changes with developing countries emerging as exporters of services. Technological developments now make it easier to trade services across borders. But other avenues are being exploited: tourists visit not just to sightsee but also to be treated and educated, service providers move abroad under innovative new schemes, and some developing countries defy traditional notions by investing abroad in services. "Exporting Services: A Developing Country Perspective" takes a brave approach, combining exploratory econometric analysis with detailed case studies of representative countries: Brazil, Chile, the Arab Republic of Egypt, India, Kenya, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Two questions lead the analysis: How did these developing countries succeed in exporting services? What policy mix was successful and what strategies did not deliver the expected results? The analysis evaluates the role of three sets of factors: First, the fundamentals, which include a country’s factor endowments, infrastructure, and institutional quality; second, policies affecting trade, investment, and labor mobility in services; and third, proactive policies in services designed to promote exports or investment. The case studies illustrate the complex nature of reforms and policy making in the service sector as well as the benefits of well-implemented reforms. Although success seems to be explained by a set of conditions that are difficult to replicate, common features can also be identified. Several countries have adopted policies to support exports, especially exports of information technology–related services. This resource will be valuable for policy makers, experts, and academics who are engaged in efforts to reform service and investment policies in their own country.

Author : Rajat Acharyya
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2006-03-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783790815962

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Product Standards, Exports and Employment by Rajat Acharyya Pdf

Through the process of globalization, the trade dependence and int- dependence of the developing countries have increased phenomenally than ever before. The characteristic of this late twentieth-century globalization process has been the new technological revolution that has led to a high rate of world exports of electronics and other high-technology products. This has marginalized most of the developing countries exporting largely the low quality and low value-addition manufacturing and primary products, barring a few exceptions like China, India and Mexico. The fruits of globalization have, therefore, been unevenly distributed so far across the developed and the developing countries. Moreover, whatever little growth in exports of medium technology products has been achieved by a few of them, is largely driven by outsourcing of low value-addition and low- stage of activities by the foreign multinationals. Outsourcing of software services, rather than development of software packages, in India and assembly line for automobiles in Mexico are the two glaring examples. These activities may have boosted the total exports of these countries, but they have failed to generate any feedback effect on the rest of the economy in terms of skill formation, increase in overall productivity level and product diversification.

Author : Andre Gordon
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2015-06-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128013519

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Food Safety and Quality Systems in Developing Countries by Andre Gordon Pdf

Food Safety and Quality Systems in Developing Countries, Volume One: Export Challenges and Implementation Strategies considers both the theoretical and practical aspects of food safety and quality systems implementation by major world markets and new and emerging markets in developing countries. This reference examines issues facing exporters and importers of traditional foods the characteristics of the food and its distribution channels, and market access from a historical and current context to present best practices. This must-have reference offers real-life, practical approaches for foods from around the world, offering help to those who have found it difficult to implement sustainable, certifiable food safety and quality systems into their businesses and provides scientifically sound solutions to support their implementation. Includes accessible, relevant case studies of instances when food safety was compromised and offers practical scientific input in dealing with and preventing these issues Discusses the role and importance of research and documentation of food safety when exporting products Presents risk analysis examples from the past and present for products from various countries and different perspectives including the United States, Canada, Europe, Mexico, India, South Africa, Haiti, Jamaica, and more Offers successful strategies for developing food safety and quality systems from a national and firm-level perspective relevant to academics, regulators, exporters, importers and major distributors handling food from various developing countries

Author : Robert E. Lipsey
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Eksport
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Quality Change and Other Influences on Measures of Export Prices of Manufactured Goods by Robert E. Lipsey Pdf

Author : Steven Jaffee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1290705960

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Standards and Agro-Food Exports from Developing Countries by Steven Jaffee Pdf

The proliferation and increased stringency of food safety and agricultural health standards is a source of concern among many developing countries. These standards are perceived as a barrier to the continued success of their exports of high-value agro-food products (including fish, horticultural, and other products), either because these countries lack the technical and administrative capacities needed for compliance or because these standards can be applied in a discriminatory or protectionist manner. Jaffee and Henson draw on available literature and work in progress to examine the underlying evidence related to the changing standards environment and its impact on existing and potential developing country exporters of high-value agricultural and food products. The evidence the authors present, while only partial, suggests that the picture for developing countries as a whole is not necessarily problematic and certainly less pessimistic than the mainstream standards-as-barriers perspective. Indeed, rising standards serve to accentuate underlying supply chain strengths and weaknesses and thus impact differently on the competitive position of individual countries and distinct market participants. Some countries and industries are even using high quality and safety standards to successfully (re-)position themselves in competitive global markets. This emphasizes the importance of considering the effects of food safety and agricultural health measures within the context of wider capacity constraints and underlying supply chain trends and drivers. The key question for developing countries is how to exploit their strengths and overcome their weaknesses such that they are gainers rather than losers in the emerging commercial and regulatory context.This paper - a product of the International Trade Department, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network - is part of a larger effort in the network to understand the challenges and opportunities facing developing countries associated with evolving international standards for food and other products.

Author : Christian Henn,Mr.Chris Papageorgiou,Mr.Nicola Spatafora
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2013-05-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484351635

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Export Quality in Developing Countries by Christian Henn,Mr.Chris Papageorgiou,Mr.Nicola Spatafora Pdf

This paper develops new, far more extensive estimates of export quality, covering 178 countries and hundreds of products over 1962–2010. Quality upgrading is particularly rapid during the early stages of development, with quality convergence largely completed as a country reaches upper middle-income status. There is significant cross-country heterogeneity in quality growth rates. Within any given product line, quality converges both conditionally and unconditionally to the world frontier; increases in institutional quality and human capital are associated with faster quality upgrading. In turn, faster growth in quality is associated with more rapid output growth. The evidence suggests that quality upgrading is best encouraged through a broadly conducive domestic environment, rather than sector-specific policies. Diversification is important to create new upgrading opportunities.

Author : Steven Jaffee,Spencer Henson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:931678559

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Standards and Agro-Food Exports from Developing Countries by Steven Jaffee,Spencer Henson Pdf

The proliferation and increased stringency of food safety and agricultural health standards is a source of concern among many developing countries. These standards are perceived as a barrier to the continued success of their exports of high-value agro-food products (including fish, horticultural, and other products), either because these countries lack the technical and administrative capacities needed for compliance or because these standards can be applied in a discriminatory or protectionist manner. The authors draw on available literature and work in progress to examine the underlying evidence related to the changing standards environment and its impact on existing and potential developing country exporters of high-value agricultural and food products. The evidence the authors present, while only partial, suggests that the picture for developing countries as a whole is not necessarily problematic and certainly less pessimistic than the mainstream "standards-as-barriers" perspective. Indeed, rising standards serve to accentuate underlying supply chain strengths and weaknesses and thus impact differently on the competitive position of individual countries and distinct market participants. Some countries and industries are even using high quality and safety standards to successfully (re-)position themselves in competitive global markets. This emphasizes the importance of considering the effects of food safety and agricultural health measures within the context of wider capacity constraints and underlying supply chain trends and drivers. The key question for developing countries is how to exploit their strengths and overcome their weaknesses such that they are gainers rather than losers in the emerging commercial and regulatory context.

Author : I. M. D. Little,Tibor Scitovsky,Maurice FitzGerald Scott
Publisher : London ; New York : Published for the Development Centre of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development by Oxford U.P.
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1970
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105041771614

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Industry and Trade in Some Developing Countries by I. M. D. Little,Tibor Scitovsky,Maurice FitzGerald Scott Pdf

Author : André Gordon
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2020-04-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128142721

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Food Safety and Quality Systems in Developing Countries by André Gordon Pdf

Food Safety and Quality Systems in Developing Countries: Volume III: Technical and Market Considerations is a practical resource for companies seeking to supply food products from developing countries to developed country markets or to transnational business located in developing countries. It explores practical approaches to complying with food safety and quality systems requirements, backed by the science-based approaches used in the major markets applied in a developing country context. It explores the topic from the perspective of agribusiness value chains and includes deconstructions of regulatory and market channel-specific technical requirements in North America, Europe, and other major markets. Volume III builds on the platforms laid by the previous two volumes, providing guidance from industry-leading experts on addressing regulatory and market-specific microbiological, chemical, packaging and labelling, supply chain, and systems-related food safety and quality compliance requirements. This book addresses technical and market-determined standards that value chain participants in developing countries face supplying developed country markets or transnational firms, including hotels, major multiples, and quick serve restaurant brands. Provides detailed, scientific, and technical information to assist food safety and marketing professionals operating in the global market Helps farmers, processors, exporters, food scientists and technologists, regulators, students, and other stakeholders in the global food industry understand and apply tailored technical and scientific information to their food industry sector Uses specific real-world examples of systems implementation, supported by case studies and the required scientific and marketing inputs in a range of product categories including fruits and vegetables, sauces and spices, beverages, produce staples, dairy products, seafood, and others

Author : Edward E. Marandu
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Developing countries
ISBN : IND:30000048029080

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Export Performance in Developing Countries by Edward E. Marandu Pdf