Exposure And Risk Assessment Of Chemical Pollution Contemporary Methodology

Author : Mahmoud A. Hassanien
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 538 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2009-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789048123353

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Exposure and Risk Assessment of Chemical Pollution - Contemporary Methodology by Mahmoud A. Hassanien Pdf

The book contains the contributions at the NATO Study Institute on Exposure and Risk Assessment of Chemical Pollution – Contemporary Methodology, which took place in Sofia – Borovetz, Bulgaria, July 1–10, 2008. Rapid advances in mathematics, computer science and molecular biology and chemistry have lead to the development in of a new branch of toxicology called Computational Toxicology. This emerging field is addressing the estimation and prediction of exposure risk and effects of chemicals based on experimental data, measured concentration and biological mechanisms and computational models of biological systems. Mathematical models are also being used to predict the fate and transport of substances in the environment. Because this area is still in its infancy, there has been limited application from governmental agencies to regulating controllable processes, such as registration of new chemicals, determination of estimated exposure and risk based limits and maximum acceptable concentrations in different compartments of the environment – ambient air, waters, soil and food products. However, this is soon to change as the ability to collect, analyze and interpret the required information is becoming increasingly more efficient and cost effective. Full implementation of the new processes have to involve education on both part of the experimentalists who are generating the data and the models, and the risk assessors who will use them to better protect human health and the environment.

Author : Kofi Asante-Duah
Publisher : Springer
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2017-06-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789402410396

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Public Health Risk Assessment for Human Exposure to Chemicals by Kofi Asante-Duah Pdf

This book provides a concise, yet comprehensive overview of the many facets relating to human health risk assessments in relation to chemical exposure problems. It presents some very important tools and methodologies that can be used to address chemical exposure and public health risk management problems in a consistent, efficient, and cost-effective manner. On the whole, the book represents a collection and synthesis of the principal elements of the risk assessment process that may be used to more effectively address issues pertaining to human exposures to chemicals found in modern societies. This also includes an elaboration of pertinent risk assessment concepts and techniques/methodologies for performing human health risk assessments. Written for both the novice and the experienced, the subject matter of this book is an attempt at offering a simplified and systematic presentation of public health risk assessment methods and application tools – all these facilitated by a layout that will carefully navigate the user through the major processes involved. A number of illustrative example problems are interspersed throughout the book, in order to help present the book in an easy-to-follow, pragmatic manner.

Author : K. Asante-Duah
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789401004817

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Public Health Risk Assessment for Human Exposure to Chemicals by K. Asante-Duah Pdf

In fact, with the control and containment of most infectious conditions and diseases of the past millennium having been achieved in most developed countries, and with the resultant increase in life expectancies, much more attention seems to have shifted to degenerative health problems. Many of the degenerative health conditions have been linked to thousands of chemicals regularly encountered in human living and occupational/work environments. It is important, therefore, that human health risk assessments are undertaken on a consistent basis - in order to determine the potential impacts of the target chemicals on public health.

Author : Hans M. Seip,Anders B. Heiberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468456042

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Risk Management of Chemicals in the Environment by Hans M. Seip,Anders B. Heiberg Pdf

The Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) established the "Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society" (CCMS) in 1969. The CCMS was charged with developing meaningful environmental and social programmes for solving existing problems and developing long-range goals for environmental protection. In 1983, at the Fall Plenary of the CCMS, the Norwegian delegate Dr. H.C. Christensen, proposed a Pilot Study on "Risk Management of Chemicals in the Environment". A draft proposal, written by Dr. Kari Kveseth of the Center for Industrial Research in Oslo, was presented. Dr. Christensen also informed the participants at the meeting that Norway was willing to act as the Pilot Country. The project was initially planned for 3 years, but it was later extended through 1987. The inaugural meeting was held in Oslo in April 1984 with participants from Denmark, Greece, France and Italy, in addition to representatives from several Norwegian institutions. The attendees concluded that a Pilot Study, as delineated in the draft proposal, would be useful, and it was decided to work out a detailed project plan based on the proposal.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Incorporating 21st Century Science into Risk-Based Evaluations
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2017-03-16
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309453486

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Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Incorporating 21st Century Science into Risk-Based Evaluations Pdf

Over the last decade, several large-scale United States and international programs have been initiated to incorporate advances in molecular and cellular biology, -omics technologies, analytical methods, bioinformatics, and computational tools and methods into the field of toxicology. Similar efforts are being pursued in the field of exposure science with the goals of obtaining more accurate and complete exposure data on individuals and populations for thousands of chemicals over the lifespan; predicting exposures from use data and chemical-property information; and translating exposures between test systems and humans. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations makes recommendations for integrating new scientific approaches into risk-based evaluations. This study considers the scientific advances that have occurred following the publication of the NRC reports Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy and Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy. Given the various ongoing lines of investigation and new data streams that have emerged, this publication proposes how best to integrate and use the emerging results in evaluating chemical risk. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations considers whether a new paradigm is needed for data validation, how to integrate the divergent data streams, how uncertainty might need to be characterized, and how best to communicate the new approaches so that they are understandable to various stakeholders.

Author : Jack E. Daugherty
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2020-07-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781000157574

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Assessment of Chemical Exposures by Jack E. Daugherty Pdf

Traditionally, industrial hygienists and environmental engineers have been responsible for conducting chemical exposure assessments, however, this task is now becoming a team effort taken on by scientists, businessmen, and policymakers. Assessment of Chemical Exposures: Calculation Methods for Environmental Professionals addresses the expanding scope of exposure assessments in both the workplace and environment. It discusses the basics of gathering data and assessing exposure, including how to estimate exposure to chemicals using fundamental chemical engineering concepts. The book opens with a brief discussion on the history of exposure assessments and provides terms and nomenclature needed for communications between various disciplines involved in exposure assessments. The potential impact of chemical exposures on humans, the environment, and communities is discussed in detail The book also addresses modeling source generation, pathway transport, and receptor impact. With the clear explanations presented in this text, even a novice will be able to practice the art of exposure assessment.

Author : Rhoda G.M. Wang
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 548 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-08-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781000148152

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Water Contamination and Health by Rhoda G.M. Wang Pdf

This volume examines every potential means of exposure to water contaminants, provides in-depth discussions on toxicology, and explains up-to-date techniques for evaluating human health risk. It develops a methodology for assessing the cumulative absorbed dose of contaminants through all routes of exposure, including ingestion, inhalation and dermal. Federal and state efforts to monitor and treat water are examined.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2008-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9789241563765

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Uncertainty and Data Quality in Exposure Assessment by World Health Organization Pdf

Assessment of human exposure to chemicals is a critical input to risk assessment and ultimately to decisions about control of chemicals. This two-part publication aims to improve the quality of information available to decision-makers and its communication. Part one sets out ten principles for characterizing and communicating uncertainty in exposure assessment. A tiered approach to the evaluation of uncertainties using both qualitative (simple) and quantitative (more complex) methods is described. Different sources of uncertainty are identified and guidance is provided on selecting the appropriate approach to uncertainty analysis as dictated by the objectives of the assessment and information needs of decision-makers and stakeholders. Part two addresses the quality of data used in exposure assessment and sets out four basic hallmarks of data quality - appropriateness accuracy integrity and transparency. These hallmarks provides a common vocabulary and set of qualitative criteria for use in the design evaluation and use of exposure assessments to support decisions. This publication is intended exposure assessors risk assessors and decision-makers.

Author : Scott R. Baker,Jeffrey Driver,David McCallum
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2001-01-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0306465175

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Residential Exposure Assessment by Scott R. Baker,Jeffrey Driver,David McCallum Pdf

Residential Exposure Assessment: A Source Book is the result of a multiyear effort known as the Residential Exposure Assessment Project (REAP) which was initiated by the Society for Risk Analysis and the International Society of Exposure Analysis. This textbook is the primary product of the REAP and it contains contributions from over 30 professionals from a variety of disciplines such as chemistry, biology, physics, engi neering, industrial hygiene, toxicology, pharmacology, and environmental law, reflecting the diverse knowledge and resources necessary to assess and manage potential exposures occurring in and around the home. Expert working groups were organized for each of the 13 chapters to address such issues as U. S. legislation relevant to products used in and around the residence, methods for measuring and modeling exposures across multiple pathways and routes, and distributional data available for key residential exposure factors. This volume is a compendium of information about predictive methods and tools, monitoring methods, data sources, and key variables that characterize exposures in the residential setting. It presents approaches for doing exposure assessments in and around all types of residences. The purpose of the Source Book is to provide a resource for use in educational programs and for "practitioners" of residential exposure assessment. Accordingly, this book is intended for risk assessors, exposure assessors, students, initi ates new to the concept of risk assessment, industrial hygienists assessing health hazards in the home, engineers, and monitoring specialists.

Author : D. Kofi Asante-Duah
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1998-10-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105023217644

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Risk Assessment in Environmental Management by D. Kofi Asante-Duah Pdf

Attempts to provide a concise, yet comprehensive overview of the many facets/aspects relating to chemical risk assessments. It presents some very important tools and methodologies that can be used to help resolve environmental contamination problems in a consistent, efficient and cost-effective way.

Author : Anna M. Fan,George Alexeeff,Elaine Khan
Publisher : Pan Stanford
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2015-03-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 981461338X

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Toxicology and Risk Assessment by Anna M. Fan,George Alexeeff,Elaine Khan Pdf

The presence of chemicals in our environment is a subject of intense interest owing to the many potential adverse health effects to humans following exposure to these chemicals. The principles and practices of risk assessment are used to assess the associated health risks to provide a scientific and health basis for guidance or regulatory standards development and risk management decision making for public health protection. This book compiles, discusses, and presents cutting-edge research data and methodology in performing risk assessment of some major chemicals of concern in our environment. It also discusses the complexity of the scientific databases, the available and updated methodology, emerging issues, limitations in knowledge and methods, considerations of developmental and age sensitivities, use of defaults, case samples on results in risk assessment and risk management, and current and future perspectives. The editors are prominent in the field of environmental toxicology, risk assessment, and chemical regulations. This book will appeal to those interested in evaluating the human health effects of exposure to chemicals in the environment and the associated assessments and findings.

Author : Pravat Kumar Shit,Partha Pratim Adhikary,Debashish Sengupta
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 718 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2021-02-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030634223

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Spatial Modeling and Assessment of Environmental Contaminants by Pravat Kumar Shit,Partha Pratim Adhikary,Debashish Sengupta Pdf

This book demonstrates the measurement, monitoring and mapping of environmental contaminants in soil & sediment, surface & groundwater and atmosphere. This book explores state-of-art techniques based on methodological and modeling in modern geospatial techniques specifically focusing on the recent trends in data mining techniques and robust modeling. It also presents modifications of and improvements to existing control technologies for remediation of environmental contaminants. In addition, it includes three separate sections on contaminants, risk assessment and remediation of different existing and emerging pollutants. It covers major topics such as: Radioactive Wastes, Solid and Hazardous Wastes, Heavy Metal Contaminants, Arsenic Contaminants, Microplastic Pollution, Microbiology of Soil and Sediments, Soil Salinity and Sodicity, Aquatic Ecotoxicity Assessment, Fluoride Contamination, Hydrochemistry, Geochemistry, Indoor Pollution and Human Health aspects. The content of this book will be of interest to researchers, professionals, and policymakers whose work involves environmental contaminants and related solutions.

Author : Robert G. Tardiff,Bernard D. Goldstein
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1991-09-27
Category : Science
ISBN : UCSD:31822005693254

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Methods for Assessing Exposure of Human and Non-human Biota by Robert G. Tardiff,Bernard D. Goldstein Pdf

A report on the risks to human and non-human life associated with environmental chemicals. Summarizes contributions from highly qualified people throughout the world and provides a critical and collective evaluation of approaches to chemical exposure assessment. Risk assessment is approached in the following ways: direct evaluation of exposure to the organism through consumption of food, water or air; consideration of movement of chemicals from distant sources to point of exposure including possible alteration enroute; analysis of exposed tissues.

Author : Manish Kumar,Daniel D. Snow,Ryo Honda,Santanu Mukherjee
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2021-06-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9811546010

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Contaminants in Drinking and Wastewater Sources by Manish Kumar,Daniel D. Snow,Ryo Honda,Santanu Mukherjee Pdf

This volume takes a multidisciplinary approach to study and evaluate the global human vulnerability to the exposure of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in the natural environment. It provides a comprehensive resource on structurally diverse groups of chemical compounds that have adverse effects on the aquatic environment. It explores the global strength, environmental status, chemical risk assessment and management strategies of CECs with relevant modern techniques. The principle focus is on concurrent emerging water quality issues. It defines the impacts of the environmental exposure of trace concentrations of CECs and/or their metabolites and discusses possible technological advances to combat the emerging pollutants. It will be useful to researchers, multi-stakeholder expert groups, policymakers, and graduate students.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Safe Drinking Water Committee
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 948 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1977-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309026192

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Drinking Water and Health, by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Safe Drinking Water Committee Pdf