Factors Affecting Microbial Inactivation Kinetics In Disinfected Drinking Water Microform

Author : Linda Wojcicka
Publisher : Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0612952584

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Factors Affecting Microbial Inactivation Kinetics in Disinfected Drinking Water [microform] by Linda Wojcicka Pdf

Microbial quality may degrade in drinking water distribution systems despite maintaining a disinfectant residual. This study attempted to explain the survival of microorganisms in disinfected environments. Two major hypotheses were tested. First, organisms isolated from disinfected environments were studied to determine if they were inherently more resistant to further disinfection, compared to organisms which have never come into contact with disinfectants. It was found that antecedent growth conditions were more important for resistance to disinfectants than the environmental origin. Second, the impact of particulate matter on disinfection was investigated. It was hypothesized that particulate matter protected microorganisms from disinfection, and it was expected that enmeshment of organisms within particles would protect microorganisms from not only chemical, but also physical disinfectants. No conclusive evidence was found to suggest the particles used in these experiments had a significant impact on inactivation kinetics.

Author : Thorsten Reemtsma,Martin Jekel
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2006-12-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527608638

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Organic Pollutants in the Water Cycle by Thorsten Reemtsma,Martin Jekel Pdf

This first in-depth and comprehensive reference on the most pertinent polar contaminant classes and their behavior in the whole water cycle includes, among others, industrial chemicals, consumer products, polar herbicides and pharmaceuticals. All chapters are uniformly structured, covering properties, pollution sources, occurrence in wastewater, surface water, and groundwater as well as water treatment aspects, while ecotoxicological and assessment aspects are also covered. Among the authors are leading experts in their relevant fields, many of whom provide here groundbreaking research results. The result is an up-to-date information source for researchers and professionals working in water quality monitoring, water supply, or wastewater treatment, as well as environmental and water chemists, geochemists, ecologists, chemists and engineers.

Author : Wladyslaw Kowalski
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2010-01-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642019999

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Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation Handbook by Wladyslaw Kowalski Pdf

This reference covers technical information on ultraviolet germicidal irradiation and its application to air and surface disinfection and the control of pathogens and allergens. Its main focus is airborne microbes and surface contamination applications.

Author : Ravinder Kumar Jain,Ravi Jain
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Nature
ISBN : 3540613420

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Environmental Technologies and Trends by Ravinder Kumar Jain,Ravi Jain Pdf

1 Introduction.- 2 Drinking Water.- 2.1 Drinking Water Production: Processes and Emerging Technologies.- 2.2 Adsorption of Organic Micropollutants onto Activated Carbon Fibers: Cloth and Felt.- 2.3 Removal of Micropollutants in Some Ozone Contactors: Efficiency and Simulation.- 2.4 Pervaporation and Membrane Stripping: Potentialities on Micropollutants Removal from Water.- 3 Air Pollution.- 3.1 Industrial Air Pollution: Removal of Dilute Gaseous Vapors.- 3.2 Development of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter.- 3.3 Deodorization in Wastewater Treatment Plants by Wet-Scrubbing on Packed Column and Chlorine Oxidation.- 3.4 Regeneration by Induction Heating of Granular Activated Carbon Loaded with Volatile Organic Compounds.- 4 Wastewater Treatment.- A Biological Treatment.- 4.1 Effect of the Grease Solubilization and the Optimal Process Monitoring on the Grease Aerobic Digestion.- 4.2 Membrane Gas Liquid Contactors in Water and Wastewater Treatment.- 4.3 The Biological Treatment of High Effluent Flowrates: A Review of the Hydrodynamic Conditions and Possibilities.- 4.4 Multiphase Reactors for Biological Treatment of Urban Wastewaters.- B Physical-Chemical Treatment.- 4.5 Physical Chemical Treatments for Wastewater.- 4.6 Hydrocyclone Based Treatment Methods for Oily Wastewaters.- 4.7 Application of Membrane Separation Processes to Oily Wastewater Treatment: Cutting Oil Emulsions.- 4.8 Electrochemical Degradation of Organic Pollutants for Wastewater Treatment: Oxidation of Phenol on PbO2 Anodes.- 4.9 Treatment of Aqueous Organic Wastes by Molecular Oxygen at High Temperature and Pressure: Wet Air Oxidation Process.- 5 Hazardous Waste Management.- 5.1 Hazardous Wastes Treatments.- 5.2 Advanced Method for the Treatment of Organic Aqueous Wastes: Wet Peroxide Oxidation - WPO(R), Laboratory Studies and Industrial Development.- 5.3 Heavy Metals Recovery by Electrolyzing Technique: The 3.P.E. Technology.- 5.4 An Overview of Plasma Arc Technology Applied Research Projects for the Vitrification of Hazardous Wastes.- 5.5 Permeable Barriers to Remove Cd and Cr from Groundwater.- 6 Soil and Groundwater Contamination.- 6.1 How Technology is Improving Decision Marking for Environmental Restoration.- 6.2 Soil Decontamination Using Electrokinetics, with Application to Urban Residual Sludges.- 6.3 A Systematic Approach to Groundwater Management.- 7 Environmental Trends and Policy Perspectives.- 7.1 Technology Transfer and Utilization.- 7.2 Environmental Technologies and Regulations.- 7.3 Holistic Approach to Environmental Problems.- 7.4 Environmental Forecasting and Technology Trends.- 7.5 Privatization of the Environmental Infrastructure.- 7.6 Increased Use of Economic Instruments in Environmental Policy.- 7.7 Industry Trends.- 7.8 Industrial Ecology - Going Beyond Pollution Prevention.- 7.9 Summary.

Author : Mahendra Rai,Nelson Duran
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2011-04-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642183126

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Metal Nanoparticles in Microbiology by Mahendra Rai,Nelson Duran Pdf

Following an introduction to biogenic metal nanoparticles, this book presents how they can be biosynthesized using bacteria, fungi and yeast, as well as their potential applications in biomedicine. It is shown that the synthesis of nanoparticles using microbes is eco-friendly and results in reproducible metal nanoparticles of well-defined sizes, shapes and structures. This biotechnological approach based on the process of biomineralization exploits the effectiveness and flexibility of biological systems. Chapters include practical protocols for microbial synthesis of nanoparticles and microbial screening methods for isolating a specific nanoparticle producer as well as reviews on process optimization, industrial scale production, biomolecule-nanoparticle interactions, magnetosomes, silver nanoparticles and their numerous applications in medicine, and the application of gold nanoparticles in developing sensitive biosensors.

Author : G. Vidya Sagar
Publisher : New Age International
Page : 21 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Medical microbiology
ISBN : 9788122423525

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MCQs in Microbiology by G. Vidya Sagar Pdf

Author : Mohammad Saghir Khan,Almas Zaidi,Javed Musarrat
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2009-08-25
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642019791

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Microbial Strategies for Crop Improvement by Mohammad Saghir Khan,Almas Zaidi,Javed Musarrat Pdf

With an ever-increasing human population, the demand placed upon the agriculture sector to supply more food is one of the greatest challenges for the agrarian community. In order to meet this challenge, environmentally unfriendly agroch- icals have played a key role in the green revolution and are even today commonly recommended to circumvent nutrient de?ciencies of the soils. The use of ag- chemicals is, though, a major factor for improvement of plant production; it causes a profound deteriorating effect on soil health (soil fertility) and in turn negatively affects the productivity and sustainability of crops. Concern over disturbance to the microbial diversity and consequently soil fertility (as these microbes are involved in biogeochemical processes), as well as economic constraints, have prompted fun- mental and applied research to look for new agro-biotechnologies that can ensure competitive yields by providing suf?ciently not only essential nutrients to the plants but also help to protect the health of soils by mitigating the toxic effects of certain pollutants. In this regard, the role of naturally abundant yet functionally fully unexplored microorganisms such as biofertilizers assume a special signi?cance in the context of supplementing plant nutrients, cost and environmental impact under both conventional practices and derelict environments. Therefore, current devel- ments in sustainability involve a rational exploitation of soil microbial communities and the use of inexpensive, though less bio-available, sources of plant nutrients, which may be made available to plants by microbially-mediated processes.

Author : Rosa Margesin,Franz Schinner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642586071

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Biotechnological Applications of Cold-Adapted Organisms by Rosa Margesin,Franz Schinner Pdf

How can industry profit from the biochemical tricks of cold-adapted organisms? This book covers a range of aspects in this fascinating field, from genetic tools to environmental biotechnology.

Author : Ismail Al Baz,Ralf Otterpohl,Claudia Wendland
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2008-01-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783540744924

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Efficient Management of Wastewater by Ismail Al Baz,Ralf Otterpohl,Claudia Wendland Pdf

Water reuse management is one of the challenges all water scarce countries have to deal with in the coming decades. The present book highlights non-conventional solutions within the field of wastewater treatment and reuse predominantly for professionals and decision makers. It focuses on technologies which are reliable, sustainable, low cost and suitable for rural and sub urban areas. In addition, particularly innovative on-site concepts are presented.

Author : Rolf D. Schmid,Vlada Urlacher
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2007-09-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527611539

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Modern Biooxidation by Rolf D. Schmid,Vlada Urlacher Pdf

Filling a gap in the literature, leading expert editors and top international authors present the field of biooxidation from an academic and industrial point of view, taking many examples from modern pharmaceutical research. Topics range from the application of different monooxygenases to applications in the pharmaceutical industry, making this volume of high interest not only for those working in biotechnology but also for organic synthetic chemists, among others.

Author : Nicola Cioffi,Mahendra Rai
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 563 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2012-02-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642244278

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Nano-Antimicrobials by Nicola Cioffi,Mahendra Rai Pdf

There is a high demand for antimicrobials for the treatment of new and emerging microbial diseases. In particular, microbes developing multidrug resistance have created a pressing need to search for a new generation of antimicrobial agents, which are effective, safe and can be used for the cure of multidrug-resistant microbial infections. Nano-antimicrobials offer effective solutions for these challenges; the details of these new technologies are presented here. The book includes chapters by an international team of experts. Chemical, physical, electrochemical, photochemical and mechanical methods of synthesis are covered. Moreover, biological synthesis using microbes, an option that is both eco-friendly and economically viable, is presented. The antimicrobial potential of different nanoparticles is also covered, bioactivity mechanisms are elaborated on, and several applications are reviewed in separate sections. Lastly, the toxicology of nano-antimicrobials is briefly assessed.

Author : E. Gnaiger,H. Forstner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642818639

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Polarographic Oxygen Sensors by E. Gnaiger,H. Forstner Pdf

Author : Inamuddin,Mohd Imran Ahamed,Eric Lichtfouse
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 443 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030547233

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Water Pollution and Remediation: Photocatalysis by Inamuddin,Mohd Imran Ahamed,Eric Lichtfouse Pdf

In the context of climate change and fossil fuel pollution, solar energy appears as a cheap and sustainable fuel for many environmental applications, yet the efficiency of techniques has to be improved. This book reviews recent methods and applications of photocatalysis for the treatment of wastewater containing bacteria, heavy metals, organic pollutants, dyes and tannery effluents. Basics of water pollution, polluted river ecosystems and membranes are also detailed.

Author : Erika Kothe,Ajit Varma
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 430 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2012-01-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642233272

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Bio-Geo Interactions in Metal-Contaminated Soils by Erika Kothe,Ajit Varma Pdf

Metal contamination is an increasing ecological and eco-toxicological risk. Understanding the processes involved in metal mobilization, sorption and mineralization in soils are key features for soil bioremediation. Following an introduction to the physical, chemical and biological components of contaminated soils, various chapters address the interactions of soil, microorganisms, plants and the water phase necessary to transfer metals into biological systems. These include topics such as potential hazards at mining sites; rare earth elements in biotic and abiotic acidic systems; manganese redox reactions; biomineralisation, uranium in seepage water; metal-resistant streptomycetes; mycorrhiza in re-forestation; metal (hyper)accummulation in plants; microbial metal uptake; and their potential for bioremediation. This book will be of interest to soil biologists, geologists and chemists, researchers and graduate students, as well as consulting companies and small enterprises involved in bioremediation.

Author : Mark Shirtliff,Jeff G. Leid
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2008-12-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783540681199

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The Role of Biofilms in Device-Related Infections by Mark Shirtliff,Jeff G. Leid Pdf

Approximately 60% of all hospital-associated infections, over one million cases per year, are due to biofilms that have formed on indwelling medical devices. Device-related biofilm infections increase hospital stays and add over one billion dollars/year to U.S. hospitalization costs. Since the use and the types of indwelling medical devices commonly used in modern healthcare are continuously expanding, especially with an aging population, the incidence of biofilm infections will also continue to rise. The central problem with microbial biofilm infections of foreign bodies is their propensity to resist clearance by the host immune system and all antimicrobial agents tested to date. In fact, compared to their free floating, planktonic counterparts, microbes within a biofilm are 50 – 500 times more resistant to antimicrobial agents. Therefore, achieving therapeutic and non-lethal dosing regimens within the human host is impossible. The end result is a conversion from an acute infection to one that is persistent, chronic, and recurrent, most often requiring device removal in order to eliminate the infection. This text will describe the major types of device-related infections, and will explain the host, pathogen, and the unique properties of their interactions in order to gain a better understanding of these recalcitrant infections.