Field Manual Fm 3 12 Fm 3 38 Cyberspace And Electronic Warfare Operations April 2017

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Field Manual FM 3-12 (FM 3-38) Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations April 2017

United States Government Us Army
Field Manual FM 3 12 FM 3 38 Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations April 2017 Book PDF

Author : United States Government Us Army
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2017-04-22
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1545526362

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Field Manual FM 3-12 (FM 3-38) Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations April 2017 by United States Government Us Army Pdf

Field Manual FM 3-12 (FM 3-38) Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations April 2017 Over the past decade of conflict, the U.S. Army has deployed the most capable communications systems in its history. U.S. forces dominated cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) in Afghanistan and Iraq against enemies and adversaries lacking the technical capabilities to challenge our superiority in cyberspace. However, regional peers have since demonstrated impressive capabilities in a hybrid operational environment that threaten the Army's dominance in cyberspace and the EMS. The Department of Defense information network-Army (DODIN-A) is an essential warfighting platform foundational to the success of all unified land operations. Effectively operating, securing, and defending this network and associated data is essential to the success of commanders at all echelons. We must anticipate that future enemies and adversaries will persistently attempt to infiltrate, exploit, and degrade access to our networks and data. A commander who loses the ability to access mission command systems, or whose operational data is compromised, risks the loss of lives and critical resources, or mission failure. In the future, as adversary and enemy capabilities grow, our ability to dominate cyberspace and the EMS will become more complex and critical to mission success. Incorporating cyberspace electromagnetic activities (CEMA) throughout all phases of an operation is key to obtaining and maintaining freedom of maneuver in cyberspace and the EMS while denying the same to enemies and adversaries. CEMA synchronizes capabilities across domains and warfighting functions and maximizes complementary effects in and through cyberspace and the EMS. Intelligence, signal, information operations (IO), cyberspace, space, and fires operations are critical to planning, synchronizing, and executing cyberspace and electronic warfare (EW) operations. CEMA optimizes cyberspace and EW effects when integrated throughout Army operations. FM 3-12 defines and describes the tactics to address future challenges while providing an overview of cyberspace and EW operations, planning, integration, and synchronization through CEMA. It describes how CEMA supports operations and the accomplishment of commander's objectives, and identifies the units that conduct these operations. Due to the rapidly revolving cyberspace domain, the Cyber COE will review and update FM 3-12 and supporting publications on a frequent basis in order to keep pace with a continuously evolving cyberspace domain.

Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations (FM 3-12)

Headquarters Department of the Army
Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations FM 3 12 Book PDF

Author : Headquarters Department of the Army
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2019-07-18
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0359799019

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Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations (FM 3-12) by Headquarters Department of the Army Pdf

Field Manual FM 3-12 (FM 3-38) Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations April 2017 Over the past decade of conflict, the U.S. Army has deployed the most capable communications systems in its history. U.S. forces dominated cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) in Afghanistan and Iraq against enemies and adversaries lacking the technical capabilities to challenge our superiority in cyberspace. However, regional peers have since demonstrated impressive capabilities in a hybrid operational environment that threaten the Army's dominance in cyberspace and the EMS. The Department of Defense information network-Army (DODIN-A) is an essential warfighting platform foundational to the success of all unified land operations. Effectively operating, securing, and defending this network and associated data is essential to the success of commanders at all echelons. We must anticipate that future enemies and adversaries will persistently attempt to infiltrate, exploit, and degrade access to our networks...

Field Manual FM 3-38 Cyber Electromagnetic Activities February 2014

United States Government Us Army
Field Manual FM 3 38 Cyber Electromagnetic Activities February 2014 Book PDF

Author : United States Government Us Army
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2014-04-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1497519101

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Field Manual FM 3-38 Cyber Electromagnetic Activities February 2014 by United States Government Us Army Pdf

Field Manual FM 3-38 Cyber Electromagnetic Activities provides overarching doctrinal guidance and direction for conducting cyber electromagnetic activities (CEMA). This manual describes the importance of cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) to Army forces and provides the tactics and procedures commanders and staffs use in planning, integrating, and synchronizing CEMA. This manual provides the information necessary for Army forces to conduct CEMA that enable them to shape their operational environment and conduct unified land operations. It provides enough guidance for commanders and their staffs to develop innovative approaches to seize, retain, and exploit advantages throughout an operational environment. CEMA enable the Army to achieve desired effects in support of the commander's objectives and intent. The principal audience for FM 3-38 is all members of the profession of arms. Commanders and staffs of Army headquarters serving as joint task force or multinational headquarters should see applicable joint or multinational doctrine concerning cyberspace operations, electronic warfare (EW), and spectrum management operations (SMO). Trainers and educators throughout the Army will also use this manual. United States (U.S.) forces operate in an increasingly network-based world. The proliferation of information technologies is changing the way humans interact with each other and their environment, including interactions during military operations. This broad and rapidly changing operational environment requires that today's Army must operate in cyberspace and leverage an electromagnetic spectrum that is increasingly competitive, congested, and contested. FM 3-38, Cyber Electromagnetic Activities, is the first doctrinal field manual of its kind. The integration and synchronization of cyber electromagnetic activities (CEMA) is a new concept. The Army codified the concept of CEMA in Army Doctrine Publication (ADP) 3-0, Unified Land Operations, and ADP 6-0, Mission Command. The mission command warfighting function now includes four primary staff tasks: conduct the operations process (plan, prepare, execute, assess), conduct knowledge management and information management, conduct inform and influence activities (IIA), and conduct CEMA. The purpose of FM 3-38 is to provide an overview of principles, tactics, and procedures on Army integration of CEMA as part of unified land operations. At its heart, CEMA are designed to posture the Army to address the increasing importance of cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) and their role in unified land operations. CEMA are implemented via the integration and synchronization of cyberspace operations, electronic warfare (EW), and spectrum management operations (SMO). FM 3-38 contains seven chapters: Chapter 1 defines CEMA and provides an understanding of the fundamentals of the CEMA staff tasks. It briefly describes each activity and provides a framework for the emerging operational environment that includes cyberspace. Chapter 2 begins with a discussion of the commander's role in the conduct of CEMA. It then describes the CEMA element, its role in the operations process, and how it interacts with, supports, and receives support from other staff members. Chapter 3 provides tactics and procedures specific to cyberspace operations. Chapter 4 provides tactics and procedures specific to EW. Chapter 5 provides tactics and procedures specific to SMO and the functions executed by the spectrum manager. Chapter 6 describes how CEMA are executed through the operations processes, including other integrating processes. Chapter 7 describes considerations unique to CEMA when conducting operations with unified action partners. Appendix A provides guidance on CEMA input to operations orders and plans.

Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations: FM 3-12 April 2017

Department Of Defense
Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations FM 3 12 April 2017 Book PDF

Author : Department Of Defense
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2019-02-25
Category : Computers
ISBN : 1797978616

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Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations: FM 3-12 April 2017 by Department Of Defense Pdf

This book contains FM 3-12, Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations. Incorporating cyberspace electromagnetic activities (CEMA) throughout all phases of an operation is key to obtaining and maintaining freedom of maneuver in cyberspace and the EMS while denying the same to enemies and adversaries. CEMA synchronizes capabilities across domains and warfighting functions and maximizes complementary effects in and through cyberspace and the EMS. Intelligence, signal, information operations (IO), cyberspace, space, and fires operations are critical to planning, synchronizing, and executing cyberspace and electronic warfare (EW) operations. CEMA optimizes cyberspace and EW effects when integrated throughout Army operations. FM 3-12 defines and describes the tactics to address future challenges while providing an overview of cyberspace and EW operations, planning, integration, and synchronization through CEMA. It describes how CEMA supports operations and the accomplishment of commander's objectives, and identifies the units that conduct these operations. Due to the rapidly evolving cyberspace domain, the Cyber COE will review and update FM 3-12 and supporting publications on a frequent basis in order to keep pace with a continuously evolving cyberspace domain. Why buy a book you can download for free? We print this book so you don't have to. First you gotta find a good clean (legible) copy and make sure it's the latest version (not always easy). Some documents found on the web are missing some pages or the image quality is so poor, they are difficult to read. We look over each document carefully and replace poor quality images by going back to the original source document. We proof each document to make sure it's all there - including all changes. If you find a good copy, you could print it using a network printer you share with 100 other people (typically its either out of paper or toner). If it's just a 10-page document, no problem, but if it's 250-pages, you will need to punch 3 holes in all those pages and put it in a 3-ring binder. Takes at least an hour. It's much more cost-effective to just order the latest version from Amazon.com This book includes original commentary which is copyright material. Note that government documents are in the public domain. We print these large documents as a service so you don't have to. The books are compact, tightly-bound, full-size (8 1/2 by 11 inches), with large text and glossy covers. 4th Watch Publishing Co. is a HUBZONE SDVOSB. https: //usgovpub.com

Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations

U S Army
Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations Book PDF

Author : U S Army
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2021-01-17
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9798596051803

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Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations by U S Army Pdf

Over the past decade of conflict, the U.S. Army has deployed the most capable communications systems inits history. U.S. forces dominated cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) in Afghanistan andIraq against enemies and adversaries lacking the technical capabilities to challenge our superiority incyberspace. However, regional peers have since demonstrated impressive capabilities in a hybrid operationalenvironment that threaten the Army's dominance in cyberspace and the EMS. The Department of Defense information network-Army (DODIN-A) is an essential warfighting platformfoundational to the success of all unified land operations. Effectively operating, securing, and defending thisnetwork and associated data is essential to the success of commanders at all echelons. We must anticipatethat future enemies and adversaries will persistently attempt to infiltrate, exploit, and degrade access to ournetworks and data. A commander who loses the ability to access mission command systems, or whoseoperational data is compromised, risks the loss of lives and critical resources, or mission failure. In the future, as adversary and enemy capabilities grow, our ability to dominate cyberspace and the EMS will become morecomplex and critical to mission success. FM 3-12 provides overarching doctrinal guidance and direction to the Army for conducting cyberspace and electronic warfare (EW) operations using cyberspace electromagnetic activities (CEMA) in unified land operations. FM 3-12 defines and provides an understanding of Army cyberspace operations, EW, title authorities, roles, relationships, responsibilities, and capabilities to support Army and joint operations. It expands upon themethods by which Army forces approach the defense of Army networks and data and addresses the opportunitiescommanders have to integrate tailored cyberspace and EW capabilities across the range of military operations.

Electronic Warfare in Operations

Anonim
Electronic Warfare in Operations Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 114 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2009-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781437914245

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Electronic Warfare in Operations by Anonim Pdf

Contents: (1) Electronic Warfare Overview; (2) Electronic Warfare in Full Spectrum Operations; (3) Electronic Warfare Organization; (4) Electronic Warfare and the Operations Process; (5) Coordination, Deconfliction, and Synchronization; (6) Integration with Joint and Multinational Operations; (7) Electronic Warfare Capabilities; Appendix A: The Electromagnetic Environment; Appendix B: Electronic Warfare Input to Operation Plans and Orders; Appendix C: Electronic Warfare Running Estimate; Appendix D: Electronic Warfare-Related Reports and Messages; Appendix E: Army and Joint Electronic Warfare Capabilities; Appendix F: Tools and Resources Related to Electronic Warfare; Glossary; References; Index. Illustrations.

Field Manual FM 3-36 Electronic Warfare in Operations February 2009

United States Army
Field Manual FM 3 36 Electronic Warfare in Operations February 2009 Book PDF

Author : United States Army
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
Page : 114 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2012-08-31
Category : Reference
ISBN : 1479228249

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Field Manual FM 3-36 Electronic Warfare in Operations February 2009 by United States Army Pdf

This electronic warfare (EW) doctrine is a key element in the Army's ongoing effort to rebuild and modernize its EW capability. This publication, FM 3-36, the first Army EW doctrine to be issued in nearly a decade, is as timely as it is essential. In addition to directly supporting traditional EW operations, FM 3-36 is moving the Army's EW strategy into cyberspace and the electromagnetic environment and is a great start in providing guidance to commanders and ultimately our national decision makers. It provides commanders clear concepts and doctrine that maximize operational effectiveness across the electromagnetic spectrum in both traditional and evolving technologies. The global proliferation of electronics and wireless transmissions has evolved into a significant technological advantage for our nation while simultaneously creating a greater dependence on technology. This dependence also presents challenges, as our adversaries are constantly developing the means to use these same wireless networks, electronics, computer networks, and electronic warfare capabilities to launch attacks against us. To meet these challenges, the Army is implementing and integrating network and electronic warfare capabilities to counter the hostile use of cyberspace, space, and the electromagnetic spectrum. FM 3-36 provides Army commanders and their staff guidance on how the electromagnetic spectrum can impact their operations and how friendly EW operations can be used to gain an advantage. This manual describes the application of EW in support of full spectrum operations and provides a baseline for ensuring a common understanding and operational consistency. Although new equipment, tactics, techniques, and procedures continue to be developed, the physics of electromagnetic energy remains constant. So, as new strategies and tactics are devised to meet the cyberspace environment of the 21st century, electronic warfare remains a critical component of our national defense. This updated doctrine and other modifications to the Army's operational strategies are testimony to the innovation and vision on which our nation relies in this era of the Cyber Revolution.

Information Operations: Field Manual (Fm) 3-13

Department Of The Army
Information Operations Field Manual Fm 3 13 Book PDF

Author : Department Of The Army
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2019-02-28
Category : History
ISBN : 1798236990

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Information Operations: Field Manual (Fm) 3-13 by Department Of The Army Pdf

Field Manual (FM) 3-13, Information Operations, serves as the Army's foundational doctrine for information operations. The purpose of this edition is to better align Army doctrine with joint doctrine, while recognizing the unique requirements of information operations in support of the land force. FM 3-13 discusses the conduct of information operations in today's complex global security environment, which requires a dynamic range of capabilities and skills: from technological capabilities, such as cyberspace operations; to individual capabilities, such as speaking a foreign language; from technical skills, such as those required to defend computer networks; to interpersonal skills, such as those required to conduct Soldier and leader engagements. This manual provides overarching guidance to effectively integrate information operations into the operations process in order to create decisive effects in the information environment. Why buy a book you can download for free? We print this book so you don't have to. First you gotta find a good clean (legible) copy and make sure it's the latest version (not always easy). Some documents found on the web are missing some pages or the image quality is so poor, they are difficult to read. We look over each document carefully and replace poor quality images by going back to the original source document. We proof each document to make sure it's all there - including all changes. If you find a good copy, you could print it using a network printer you share with 100 other people (typically its either out of paper or toner). If it's just a 10-page document, no problem, but if it's 250-pages, you will need to punch 3 holes in all those pages and put it in a 3-ring binder. Takes at least an hour. It's much more cost-effective to just order the latest version from Amazon.com This book includes original commentary which is copyright material. Note that government documents are in the public domain. We print these large documents as a service so you don't have to. The books are compact, tightly-bound, full-size (8 1/2 by 11 inches), with large text and glossy covers. 4th Watch Publishing Co. is a HUBZONE SDVOSB. https: //usgovpub.com

Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations

Department of the Army
Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations Book PDF

Author : Department of the Army
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2019-12-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1673305008

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Cyberspace and Electronic Warfare Operations by Department of the Army Pdf

CYBERSPACE AND ELECTRONIC WARFAREOPERATIONS

Electronic Warfare in Operations

United States. Department of the Army
Electronic Warfare in Operations Book PDF

Author : United States. Department of the Army
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Electronics in military engineering
ISBN : OCLC:317304555

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Electronic Warfare in Operations by United States. Department of the Army Pdf

FM 3-36 provides Army doctrine for electronic warfare (EW) planning, preparation, execution, and assessment in support of full spectrum operations.

Cyber Electromagnetic Activities Fm 3-38

Department of the Army
Cyber Electromagnetic Activities Fm 3 38 Book PDF

Author : Department of the Army
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 94 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2017-08-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 197447710X

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Cyber Electromagnetic Activities Fm 3-38 by Department of the Army Pdf

FM 3-38, "Cyber Electromagnetic Activities," provides overarching doctrinal guidance and direction for conducting cyber electromagnetic activities (CEMA). This manual describes the importance of cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) to Army forces and provides the tactics and procedures commanders and staffs use in planning, integrating, and synchronizing CEMA. This manual provides the information necessary for Army forces to conduct CEMA that enable them to shape their operational environment and conduct unified land operations. It provides enough guidance for commanders and their staffs to develop innovative approaches to seize, retain, and exploit advantages throughout an operational environment. CEMA enable the Army to achieve desired effects in support of the commander's objectives and intent.

Electronic Warfare Fm 3-36

Department of the Army
Electronic Warfare Fm 3 36 Book PDF

Author : Department of the Army
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2017-08-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1974477029

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Electronic Warfare Fm 3-36 by Department of the Army Pdf

Field Manual (FM) 3-36, "Electronic Warfare," provides Army doctrine for electronic warfare (EW) planning, preparation, execution, and assessment in support of unified land operations. Electronic warfare is military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy (JP 3-13.1). Electronic warfare (EW) consists of three divisions: electronic attack, electronic protection, and electronic warfare support. EW capabilities are emerging as an increasingly important means by which commanders can shape operational environments to their advantage.

The Oxford Guide to International Humanitarian Law

Ben Saul,Dapo Akande
The Oxford Guide to International Humanitarian Law Book PDF

Author : Ben Saul,Dapo Akande
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2020-05-07
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780192597496

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The Oxford Guide to International Humanitarian Law by Ben Saul,Dapo Akande Pdf

International humanitarian law is the law that governs the conduct of participants during armed conflict. This branch of law aims to regulate the means and methods of warfare as well as to provide protections to those who do not, or who no longer, take part in the hostilities. It is one of the oldest branches of international law and one of enduring relevance today. The Oxford Guide to International Humanitarian Law provides a practical yet sophisticated overview of this important area of law. Written by a stellar line up of contributors, drawn from those who not only have extensive practical experience but who are also regarded as leading scholars of the subject, the text offers a comprehensive and authoritative exposition of the field. The Guide provides professionals and advanced students with information and analysis of sufficient depth to enable them to perform their tasks with understanding and confidence. Each chapter illuminates how the law applies in practice, but does not shy away from the important conceptual issues that underpin how the law has developed. It will serve as a first port of call and a regular reference work for those interested in international humanitarian law.

Field Manual FM 3-55 Information Collection May 2013

United States Government US Army,Us Army
Field Manual FM 3 55 Information Collection May 2013 Book PDF

Author : United States Government US Army,Us Army
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2013-06-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1490326782

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Field Manual FM 3-55 Information Collection May 2013 by United States Government US Army,Us Army Pdf

Field Manual (FM) 3-55, Information Collection, provides the tactics and procedures for information collection and the associated activities of planning requirements and assessing collection, tasking, and directing information collection assets. It also contains the actions taken by the commanders and staffs in planning, preparing, executing, and assessing information collection activities. As the Army fields new formations and equipment with inherent and organic information collection capabilities, it needs a doctrinal foundation to ensure proper integration and use to maximize capabilities. The principal audience for FM 3-55 is all members of the profession of arms. Commanders and staffs of Army headquarters serving as joint task force or multinational headquarters should also refer to applicable joint or multinational doctrine concerning the range of military operations and joint or multinational forces. Trainers and educators throughout the Army will also use this manual. FM 3-55 applies to the Active Army, Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and United States Army Reserve unless otherwise stated. The proponent of FM 3-55 is the United States Army Combined Arms Center. The preparing agency is the Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate, United States Army Combined Arms Center. The Army currently has no unified methodology or overall plan to define or establish how it performs or supports information collection activities at all echelons. This publication clarifies how the Army plans, prepares, and executes information collection activities in or between echelons. FM 3-55 emphasizes three themes. First, foundations of information collection that demonstrate information collection activities are a synergistic whole, with emphasis on synchronization and integration of all components and systems. Second, commanders and staff have responsibilities in information collection planning and execution. The emphasis is on the importance of the commander's role. Finally, the planning requirements and assessing success of information collection is measured by its contributions to the commander's understanding, visualization, and decisionmaking abilities. With the exception of cyberspace, all operations will be conducted and outcomes measured by effects on populations. This increases the complexity of information collection planning, execution, and assessment and requires more situational understanding from commanders. The staff is part of information collection activities and every Soldier collects and reports information. This field manual cannot provide all the answers. Its purpose is to prompt the user to ask the right questions. This FM complies with Doctrine 2015 guidelines. Chapter 1 provides the Army definition of information collection and its relation to the joint construct of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance. Chapter 2 examines the roles and actions of the commander and staff in information collection planning and execution. This chapter also discusses the working group for information collection. Chapter 3 describes information collection planning and information collection activities assessment. Chapter 4 discusses information collection tasking and directing. The operations staff integrates collection assets through a deliberate and coordinated effort across all warfighting functions. Tasking and directing is vital to control limited collection assets. Chapter 5 provides an overview of the information collection assets and capabilities available to Army commanders. Chapter 6 examines joint intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance activities. Appendix A provides instructions for preparing Annex L (Information Collection) in Army plans and orders.

Information Operations: Doctrine, Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (FM 3-13 / 100-6)

Department Army
Information Operations Doctrine Tactics Techniques and Procedures FM 3 13 100 6 Book PDF

Author : Department Army
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2012-11-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1481131125

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Information Operations: Doctrine, Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (FM 3-13 / 100-6) by Department Army Pdf

Information is an element of combat power. Commanders conduct information operations (IO) to apply it. Focused IO-synchronized with effective information management and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance-enable commanders to gain and maintain information superiority. IO is a prime means for achieving information superiority. Users of FM 3-13 must be familiar with the military decision making process established in FM 5-0, Army Planning and Orders Production; the operations process, established in FM 3-0, Operations; and commander's visualization, described in FM 6-0, Mission Command: Command and Control of Army Forces. As the Army's key integrating manual for IO, this manual prescribes IO doctrine and tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP). It also establishes doctrine and TTP for the IO elements of operations security and military deception. This manual implements joint IO doctrine established in JP 3-13, Joint Doctrine for Information Operations; JP 3-54, Joint Doctrine for Operations Security; and JP 3-58, Joint Doctrine for Military Deception. This manual establishes the following as the definition of IO used by Army forces: Information operations is the employment of the core capabilities of electronic warfare, computer network operations, psychological operations, military deception, and operations security, in concert with specified supporting and related capabilities, to affect or defend information and information systems, and to influence decision making. This definition supersedes the definition of IO in FM 3-0. It is consistent with joint initiatives.