Fluxes Of Carbon Water And Energy Of European Forests

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Fluxes of Carbon, Water and Energy of European Forests

Riccardo Valentini
Fluxes of Carbon Water and Energy of European Forests Book PDF

Author : Riccardo Valentini
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783662051719

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Fluxes of Carbon, Water and Energy of European Forests by Riccardo Valentini Pdf

After years of technological development and its important achievements to make our life easier and more comfortable, human society is going to face one of the most difficult challenges of the last century: to stabilize the concentra tion levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to prevent harmful effects on the climate system. Through a delicate balance between photosynthesis and respiration, terres trial ecosystems, and in particular forests, are today thought to take up a sig nificant part of the carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere, sometimes called the "terrestrial carbon sink". However, the location, magnitude, and vulnerability of the carbon dioxide sink of the terrestrial biota are still uncer tain. The suite of traditional tools in an ecologist's toolbox for studying ecosys tem productivity and carbon balance include leaf cuvettes, whole-plant and soil chambers for gas exchange, and biomass and soil carbon inventories. While each of the cited methods has distinct advantages, they are limited with regards to their ability to measure net carbon dioxide exchange of the whole ecosystem across a variety of time scales. This book present a compendium of results of a European project (EURO FLUX), funded by the European Commission through its fourth framework program, aiming to elucidate the role of forests in continental carbon balance.

Energy and Matter Fluxes of a Spruce Forest Ecosystem

Thomas Foken
Energy and Matter Fluxes of a Spruce Forest Ecosystem Book PDF

Author : Thomas Foken
Publisher : Springer
Page : 532 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2017-02-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319493893

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Energy and Matter Fluxes of a Spruce Forest Ecosystem by Thomas Foken Pdf

This book focuses on fluxes of energy, carbon dioxide and matter in and above a Central European spruce forest. The transition from a forest affected by acid rain into a heterogeneous forest occurred as a result of wind throw, bark beetles and climate change. Scientific results obtained over the last 20 years at the FLUXNET site DE-Bay (Waldstein-Weidenbrunnen) are shown together with methods developed at the site, including the application of footprint models for data-quality analysis, the coupling between the trunk space and the atmosphere, the importance of the Damköhler number for trace gas studies, and the turbulent conditions at a forest edge. In addition to the many experimental studies, the book also applies model studies such as higher-order closure models, Large-Eddy Simulations, and runoff models for the catchment and compares them with the experimental data. Moreover, by highlighting processes in the atmosphere it offers insights into the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole. It is of interest to ecologists, micrometeorologists and ecosystem modelers.

Forest Management and the Water Cycle

Michael Bredemeier,Shabtai Cohen,Douglas L. Godbold,Elve Lode,Viliam Pichler,Patrick Schleppi
Forest Management and the Water Cycle Book PDF

Author : Michael Bredemeier,Shabtai Cohen,Douglas L. Godbold,Elve Lode,Viliam Pichler,Patrick Schleppi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 532 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2010-10-25
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789048198344

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Forest Management and the Water Cycle by Michael Bredemeier,Shabtai Cohen,Douglas L. Godbold,Elve Lode,Viliam Pichler,Patrick Schleppi Pdf

The protective function of forests for water quality and water-related hazards, as well as adequate water supplies for forest ecosystems in Europe, are potentially at risk due to changing climate and changing land-management practices. Water budgets of forest ecosystems are heavily dependent on climate and forest structure. The latter is determined by the management measures applied in the forestry sector. Various developments of forest management strategies, imposed on a background of changing climate, are considered in assessing the overall future of forest–water interactions in Europe. Synthesizing recent research on the interactions of forest management and the water regime of forests in Europe and beyond, the book makes an important contribution to the ongoing dialogue between scientists dealing with different scales of forest-water interactions. This collaborative endeavour, which covers geographic and climatic gradients from Iceland to Israel and from southern Spain to Estonia and Finland, was made possible through the COST Action "Forest Management and the Water Cycle (FORMAN)", which was launched in 2007 (http://www.forestandwater.eu/). The book will be of particular interest to the research community involved in forest ecosystem research and forest hydrology, as well as landscape ecologists and hydrologists in general. It will also provide reference material for forest practitioners and planners in hydrology and land use.

Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry

Delphis F. Levia,Darryl Carlyle-Moses,Tadashi Tanaka
Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry Book PDF

Author : Delphis F. Levia,Darryl Carlyle-Moses,Tadashi Tanaka
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 734 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2011-06-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400713635

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Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry by Delphis F. Levia,Darryl Carlyle-Moses,Tadashi Tanaka Pdf

This international rigorously peer-reviewed volume critically synthesizes current knowledge in forest hydrology and biogeochemistry. It is a one-stop comprehensive reference tool for researchers and practitioners in the fields of hydrology, biogeoscience, ecology, forestry, boundary-layer meteorology, and geography. Following an introductory chapter tracing the historical roots of the subject, the book is divided into the following main sections: · Sampling and Novel Approaches · Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry by Ecoregion and Forest Type · Hydrologic and Biogeochemical Fluxes from the Canopy to the Phreatic Surface · Hydrologic and Biogeochemical Fluxes in Forest Ecosystems: Effects of Time, Stressors, and Humans The volume concludes with a final chapter that reflects on the current state of knowledge and identifies some areas in need of further research.

Eddy Covariance Method For Scientific, Regulatory, and Commercial Applications

George Burba
Eddy Covariance Method For Scientific Regulatory and Commercial Applications Book PDF

Author : George Burba
Publisher : LI-COR Biosciences
Page : 702 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2022-09-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780578977140

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Eddy Covariance Method For Scientific, Regulatory, and Commercial Applications by George Burba Pdf

Eddy covariance method is a modern high-precision technique for direct measurements of the movement of gases, water vapor, heat, and momentum between the surface and the atmosphere. It is used for measurements of carbon sequestration and emission rates in natural, agricultural, industrial, and urban environments, atmospheric exchange rates of greenhouse gases, direct mea­surements of evapotranspirative water loss, heat exchange, turbulence rates, and momentum fluxes. The wide range of applications includes numerous fundamental and applied sciences, regulatory and industrial monitoring, multiple aspects of agricultural management, as well as carbon trading and offsets, corporate sustainability and neutrality, among many others. The book “Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Regulatory, and Commercial Applications” has been created to familiarize the reader with the general theoretical principles, requirements, applica­tions, planning, processing, and analysis steps of the eddy covariance method. It is intended to assist readers in furthering their understanding of the method and provide refer­ences such as academic textbooks, flux network guidelines, and journal papers. In particular, it is designed to help scientific, industrial, agricultural, and regulatory projects and monitoring programs with experiment design and field deployment of the eddy covariance method. Some of the topics covered in “Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Regulatory, and Commercial Applications” include: · Overview of eddy covariance principles · Planning and design of an eddy covariance experiment · Implementation of an eddy covariance experiment · Processing and analysis of eddy covariance data · Networking multiple flux stations · Alternative flux methods · Useful resources, training and knowledge base · Example of planning, design and implementation of a comprehensive automated flux station

Forestry and Climate Change

Peter H. Freer-Smith,Mark S.J. Broadmeadow,Jim M. Lynch
Forestry and Climate Change Book PDF

Author : Peter H. Freer-Smith,Mark S.J. Broadmeadow,Jim M. Lynch
Publisher : CABI
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2007-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781845932954

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Forestry and Climate Change by Peter H. Freer-Smith,Mark S.J. Broadmeadow,Jim M. Lynch Pdf

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges we face - both in terms of its potential impact on our societies and the earth, and the scale of international co-operation that is needed to confront it. Emerging as a component of the international dialogue on the environment and climate, the role of forests in influencing earth systems will need to be assessed. Drawing together perspectives from researchers and policy makers, this book explores how forests will interact with the physical and natural world, and with human society as the climate changes. Also considered is how the world's forests can be managed to contribute to the mitigation of climate change and to maximize the full range of economic and non-market benefits. Providing an examination of the science, a detailed consideration of the science policy interface and the international frameworks and conventions, this book is valuable reading for all those interested in sustainable forest management, climate change and the associated environmental sciences.

Spatial Patterns and Mechanisms for Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes in the Northern Hemisphere

Zhi Chen
Spatial Patterns and Mechanisms for Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes in the Northern Hemisphere Book PDF

Author : Zhi Chen
Publisher : Springer
Page : 139 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2018-02-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811077036

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Spatial Patterns and Mechanisms for Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes in the Northern Hemisphere by Zhi Chen Pdf

This book systematically illustrates the underlying mechanisms of spatial variation in ecosystem carbon fluxes. It presents the regulation of climate pattern, together with its impacts on ecosystem traits, which yields new insights into the terrestrial carbon cycle and offers a theoretic basis for large-scale carbon pattern assessment. By means of integrated analysis, the clear spatial pattern of carbon fluxes (including gross primary production, ecosystem respiration and net ecosystem production) along latitudes is clarified, from regions to the entire Northern Hemisphere. Temperature and precipitation patterns play a vital role in carbon spatial pattern formation, which strongly supports the application of the climate-driven theory to the Northern Hemisphere. With regard to the spatial pattern, the book demonstrates the covariation between production and respiration, offering new information to promote current respiration model development. Moreover, it reveals the high carbon uptake of subtropical forests across the East Asian monsoon region, which challenges the view that only mid- to high-latitude terrestrial ecosystems are principal carbon sink regions, and improves our understanding of carbon budgets and distribution.

Boreal Forest and Climate Change

Pertti Hari,Liisa Kulmala
Boreal Forest and Climate Change Book PDF

Author : Pertti Hari,Liisa Kulmala
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 607 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2008-09-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402087189

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Boreal Forest and Climate Change by Pertti Hari,Liisa Kulmala Pdf

The Forest Primary Production Research Group was born in the Department of S- viculture, University of Helsinki in the early 1970s. Intensive ?eld measurements of photosynthesis and growth of forest vegetation and use of dynamic models in the interpretation of the results were characteristic of the research in the group. Electric instrumentation was based on analogue techniques and the analysis of the obtained measurements was based on self-written programs. Joint research projects with the Research Group of Environmental Physics at the Department of Physics, lead by Taisto Raunemaa (1939–2006) started in the late 1970s. The two research groups shared the same quantitative methodology, which made the co-operation fruitful. Since 1980 until the collapse of the Soviet Union the Academy of Finland and the Soviet Academy of Sciences had a co-operation program which included our team. The research groups in Tartu, Estonia, lead by Juhan Ross (1925–2002) and in Petrozawodsk, lead by Leo Kaipiainen (1932–2004) were involved on the Soviet side. We had annual ?eld measuring campaigns in Finland and in Soviet Union and research seminars. The main emphasis was on developing forest growth models. The research of Chernobyl fallout started a new era in the co-operation between forest ecologists and physicists in Helsinki. The importance of material ?uxes was realized and introduced explicitly in the theoretical thinking and measurements.

Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems

Ernst-Detlef Schulze
Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems Book PDF

Author : Ernst-Detlef Schulze
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642572197

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Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems by Ernst-Detlef Schulze Pdf

This volume quantifies carbon storage in managed forest ecosystems not only in biomass, but also in all soil compartments. It investigates the interaction between the carbon and nitrogen cycles by working along a north-south transect through Europe that starts in northern Sweden, passes through a N-deposition maximum in central Europe and ends in Italy. For the first time biogeochemical processes are linked to biodiversity on a large geographic scale and with special focus on soil organisms. The accompanying CD-ROM provides a complete database of all flux, storage and species observations for modellers.

Managing Forest Ecosystems: The Challenge of Climate Change

Felipe Bravo,Valerie LeMay,Robert Jandl,Klaus Gadow
Managing Forest Ecosystems The Challenge of Climate Change Book PDF

Author : Felipe Bravo,Valerie LeMay,Robert Jandl,Klaus Gadow
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2008-05-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402083433

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Managing Forest Ecosystems: The Challenge of Climate Change by Felipe Bravo,Valerie LeMay,Robert Jandl,Klaus Gadow Pdf

Climate changes, particularly warming trends, have been recorded around the globe. For many countries, these changes in climate have become evident through insect epidemics (e.g., Mountain Pine Beetle epidemic in Western Canada, bark beetle in secondary spruce forests in Central Europe), water shortages and intense forest fires in the Mediterranean countries (e.g., 2005 droughts in Spain), and unusual storm activities (e.g., the 2004 South-East Asia Tsunami). Climate changes are expected to impact vegetation as manifested by changes in vegetation extent, migration of species, tree species composition, growth rates, and mortality. The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has included discussions on how forests may be impacted, and how they may be used to mitigate the impacts of changes in climate, to possibly slow the rate of change. This book provides current scientific information on the biological and economical impacts of climate changes in forest environments, as well as information on how forest management activities might mitigate these impacts, particularly through carbon sequestration. Case studies from a wide geographic range are presented. This information is beneficial to managers and researchers interested in climate change and impacts upon forest environments and economic activities. This volume, which forms part of Springer’s book series Managing Forest Ecosystems, presents state-of-the-art research results, visions and theories, as well as specific methods for sustainable forest management in changing climatic conditions.

Energy, Water, and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes at the Earth’s Surface

Meghan F. Cronin,Carol Anne Clayson,Simon Josey,Petra Heil,Masao Ishii
Energy Water and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes at the Earth s Surface Book PDF

Author : Meghan F. Cronin,Carol Anne Clayson,Simon Josey,Petra Heil,Masao Ishii
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2022-10-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832501368

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Energy, Water, and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes at the Earth’s Surface by Meghan F. Cronin,Carol Anne Clayson,Simon Josey,Petra Heil,Masao Ishii Pdf

Terrestrial Biospheric Carbon Fluxes

Joe Wisniewski,R. Neil Sampson
Terrestrial Biospheric Carbon Fluxes Book PDF

Author : Joe Wisniewski,R. Neil Sampson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 814 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Science
ISBN : MINN:31951D02188991N

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Terrestrial Biospheric Carbon Fluxes by Joe Wisniewski,R. Neil Sampson Pdf

This volume presents the work carried out by eight working groups at a meeting held in Bad Harzburg, Germany, in March 1993, to develop an assessment of the present and likely future carbon fluxes associated with the major components of the Earth's terrestrial biosphere.