Terrestrial Biospheric Carbon Fluxes

Author : Joe Wisniewski,R. Neil Sampson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 677 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401119825

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Terrestrial Biospheric Carbon Fluxes Quantification of Sinks and Sources of CO2 by Joe Wisniewski,R. Neil Sampson Pdf

Towards the Balance and Management of the Carbon Budget of the Biosphere The current state of misunderstanding of the global C cycle and our failure to resolve an issue that has been debated for 100 years (Jones and Henderson-Sellers, 1990) speaks loudly about the limitations of modem science when faced with the complexity of the biosphere. Efforts to understand and balance the global C budget have gone through several phases. First was a holistic view of the C budget as part of efforts to understand the geochemistry of the Earth (e. g. , Clarke, 1908). Next, came a period of data collection and sythesis which focused on the diversity of sectors of the biosphere. This phase culminated in the early 1970's with the realization that humans were greatly impacting the global C cycle as measured at the Mauna Loa Observatory (Keeling et al. , 1973). New syntheses of the global C budget emerged at this time (Woodwell and Pacan, 1973; Bolin et al. , 1979). The next phase was one of controversy and intense focus on particular sectors of the biosphere. The controversy rested on discrepancies about the role of the terrestrial biota in the global C cycle and the failure to account for sufficient C sinks to absorb all the C emitted by land-use change in the tropics (Woodwell et al. , 1978, 1983; Houghton et al. , 1983).

Author : Russell Monson,Dennis Baldocchi
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 511 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2014-03-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107729582

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Terrestrial Biosphere-Atmosphere Fluxes by Russell Monson,Dennis Baldocchi Pdf

Fluxes of trace gases, water and energy - the 'breathing of the biosphere' - are controlled by a large number of interacting physical, chemical, biological and ecological processes. In this interdisciplinary book, the authors provide the tools to understand and quantitatively analyse fluxes of energy, organic compounds such as terpenes, and trace gases including carbon dioxide, water vapour and methane. It first introduces the fundamental principles affecting the supply and demand for trace gas exchange at the leaf and soil scales: thermodynamics, diffusion, turbulence and physiology. It then builds on these principles to model the exchange of water, carbon dioxide, terpenes and stable isotopes at the ecosystem scale. Detailed mathematical derivations of commonly used relations in biosphere-atmosphere interactions are provided for reference in appendices. An accessible introduction for graduate students and a key resource for researchers in related fields, such as atmospheric science, hydrology, meteorology, climate science, biogeochemistry and ecosystem ecology.

Author : Global Terrestrial Observing System (Organization),Integrated Global Observing Strategy Partnership
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Science
ISBN : 9251048010

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Terrestrial Carbon Observation by Global Terrestrial Observing System (Organization),Integrated Global Observing Strategy Partnership Pdf

The term 'terrestrial carbon' refers to carbon contained in vegetation or soil stocks. The global carbon cycle plays an important role in sustaining agricultural productivity, biodiversity and forest ecosystems processes. This report presents the results of a workshop, held in Canada in February 2000 and organised by the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS) in collaboration with the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). The workshop was designed to review existing data and observation requirements regarding terrestrial carbon, identify major gaps and propose solutions.

Author : Max A. Beran
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642799433

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Carbon Sequestration in the Biosphere by Max A. Beran Pdf

Anthropogenic release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere has been recognized as the primary agent in global climate change. The volume discusses the possibilities for limiting that increase by the long-term storage of carbon in soils, vegetation, wetlands and oceans. Each of these storage media is analysed in detail to elucidate those processes responsible for the uptake and release of carbon. Several chapters address the practical prospects for deliberate interventions aimed at adjusting the balance in favour of uptake over release, i.e. sequestration, while having regard to simultaneous changes in the various environments.

Author : Russell K. Monson,Dennis D. Baldocchi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 487 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Atmospheric circulation
ISBN : 1107720915

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Terrestrial Biosphere-atmosphere Fluxes by Russell K. Monson,Dennis D. Baldocchi Pdf

"Fluxes of trace gases, water and energy between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere govern the state and fate of these two coupled systems. This 'breathing of the biosphere' is controlled by a large number of interacting physical, chemical, biological and ecological processes. In this integrated and interdisciplinary book, the authors provide the tools to understand and quantitatively analyse fluxes of energy, trace gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapour, methane, and organic compounds, such as terpenes"--

Author : Riccardo Valentini
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783662051719

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Fluxes of Carbon, Water and Energy of European Forests by Riccardo Valentini Pdf

After years of technological development and its important achievements to make our life easier and more comfortable, human society is going to face one of the most difficult challenges of the last century: to stabilize the concentra tion levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to prevent harmful effects on the climate system. Through a delicate balance between photosynthesis and respiration, terres trial ecosystems, and in particular forests, are today thought to take up a sig nificant part of the carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere, sometimes called the "terrestrial carbon sink". However, the location, magnitude, and vulnerability of the carbon dioxide sink of the terrestrial biota are still uncer tain. The suite of traditional tools in an ecologist's toolbox for studying ecosys tem productivity and carbon balance include leaf cuvettes, whole-plant and soil chambers for gas exchange, and biomass and soil carbon inventories. While each of the cited methods has distinct advantages, they are limited with regards to their ability to measure net carbon dioxide exchange of the whole ecosystem across a variety of time scales. This book present a compendium of results of a European project (EURO FLUX), funded by the European Commission through its fourth framework program, aiming to elucidate the role of forests in continental carbon balance.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Stephanie Johnson,Rob Coppock
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2004-06-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309165853

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Direct and Indirect Human Contributions to Terrestrial Carbon Fluxes by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Stephanie Johnson,Rob Coppock Pdf

Human-induced climate change is an important environmental issue worldwide, as scientific studies increasingly demonstrate that human activities are changing the Earth's climate. Even if dramatic reductions in emissions were made today, some human-induced changes are likely to persist beyond the 21st century. The Kyoto Protocol calls for emissions reporting that separates out management-induced changes in greenhouse gases from those changes caused by indirect human effects (e.g., carbon dioxide fertilization, nitrogen deposition, or precipitation changes), natural effects, and past practices on forested agricultural lands. This book summarizes a September 2003 workshop where leaders from academia, government and industry came together to discuss the current state of scientific understanding on quantifying direct human-induced change in terrestrial carbon stocks and related changes in greenhouse gas emissions and distinguishing these changes from those caused by indirect and natural effects.

Author : R. Nieder,D.K. Benbi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2008-05-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402084331

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Carbon and Nitrogen in the Terrestrial Environment by R. Nieder,D.K. Benbi Pdf

Carbon and Nitrogen in the Terrestrial Environment is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary description of C and N fluxes between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere; issues related to C and N management in different ecosystems and their implications for the environment and global climate change; and the approaches to mitigate emission of greenhouse gases. Drawing upon the most up-to-date books, journals, bulletins, reports, symposia proceedings and internet sources documenting interrelationships between different aspects of C and N cycling in the terrestrial environment, Carbon and Nitrogen in the Terrestrial Environment fills the gap left by most of the currently available books on C and N cycling. They either deal with a single element of an ecosystem, or are related to one or a few selected aspects like soil organic matter (SOM) and agricultural or forest management, emission of greenhouse gases, global climate change or modeling of SOM dynamics.

Author : Brian Walker
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1999-03-25
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0521624800

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The Terrestrial Biosphere and Global Change by Brian Walker Pdf

Summarises understanding of global change interactions with terrestrial ecosystems.

Author : Roger C. Dahlman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Atmospheric carbon dioxide
ISBN : UCSD:31822016268286

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Carbon Cycle Research Plan by Roger C. Dahlman Pdf

Author : Gordon Bonan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2019-02-21
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781107043787

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Climate Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem Modeling by Gordon Bonan Pdf

Provides an essential introduction to modeling terrestrial ecosystems in Earth system models for graduate students and researchers.

Author : Martin Heimann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 596 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642846083

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The Global Carbon Cycle by Martin Heimann Pdf

This book is the outcome of a NAill Advanced Study Institute on the contemporary glo bal carbon cycle, held in n Ciocco, Italy, September 8-20, 1991. The motivation for this ASI originated from recent controversial findings regarding the relative roles of the ocean and the land biota in the current global balance of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Consequently, the pur pose of this institute was to review, among leading experts in the field, the multitude of known constraints on the present day global carbon cycle as identified by the fields of meteorology, physical and biological oceanography, geology and terrestrial biosphere sciences. At the same time the form of an Advanced Study Institute was chosen, thus providing the opportunity to convey the information in tutorial form across disciplines and to young researchers entering the field. The first three sections of this book contain the lectures held in II Ciocco. The first sec tion reviews the atmospheric, large-scale global constraints on the present day carbon cycle including the emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel use and it provides a brief look into the past. The second section discusses the role of the terrestrial biosphere and the third the role of the ocean in the contemporary global carbon cycle.

Author : James R. Ehleringer,Thure E. Cerling
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 560 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2005-01-27
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0387220690

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A History of Atmospheric CO2 and Its Effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems by James R. Ehleringer,Thure E. Cerling Pdf

Trees, CO2 concentration, climate change, herbivores, temperature.

Author : Rattan Lal,Klaus Lorenz,Reinhard F. Hüttl,Bernd Uwe Schneider,Joachim von Braun
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 467 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789400764552

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Ecosystem Services and Carbon Sequestration in the Biosphere by Rattan Lal,Klaus Lorenz,Reinhard F. Hüttl,Bernd Uwe Schneider,Joachim von Braun Pdf

Ecological functions and human wellbeing depend on ecosystem services. Among the ecosystem services are provisional (food, feed, fuel, fiber), regulating (carbon sequestration, waste recycling, water cleansing), cultural (aesthetic, recreational, spiritual), and supporting services (soil formation, photosynthesis, nutrient cycling). Many relationships of various degree exist among ecosystem services. Thus, land use and soil management to enhance biospheric carbon sinks for carbon sequestration requires a comprehensive understanding on the effects on ecosystem services. Payments for ecosystem services including carbon pricing must address the relationship between carbon sequestration and ecosystem services to minimize risks of overshoot, and promote sustainable use of land-based carbon sinks for human wellbeing.

Author : Carbon and Climate Working Group (U.S.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Atmospheric carbon dioxide
ISBN : UCSD:31822034479642

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A U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan by Carbon and Climate Working Group (U.S.) Pdf