Carbon And Nitrogen Cycling In European Forest Ecosystems

Author : Ernst-Detlef Schulze
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2013-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642572197

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Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems by Ernst-Detlef Schulze Pdf

This volume quantifies carbon storage in managed forest ecosystems not only in biomass, but also in all soil compartments. It investigates the interaction between the carbon and nitrogen cycles by working along a north-south transect through Europe that starts in northern Sweden, passes through a N-deposition maximum in central Europe and ends in Italy. For the first time biogeochemical processes are linked to biodiversity on a large geographic scale and with special focus on soil organisms. The accompanying CD-ROM provides a complete database of all flux, storage and species observations for modellers.

Author : Yowhan Son
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2021-01-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783039367443

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Carbon and Nitrogen in Forest Ecosystems—Series I by Yowhan Son Pdf

Understanding the differences in carbon and nitrogen distribution and cycling both spatially and temporally using various approaches is essential in forest ecosystems. In addition, the influence of biotic and abiotic factors as well as natural and artificial disturbances on carbon and nitrogen cycling need to first be understood before drawing their implications to forest management practices. This Special Issue aims to understand carbon and nitrogen distribution and cycling in forest ecosystems for ecosystem-based forest management under different natural and artificial disturbances.

Author : Robert G. Qualls
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2020-12-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783039368006

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Nutrient Cycling in Forest Ecosystems by Robert G. Qualls Pdf

The long-term productivity of forest ecosystems depends on the cycling of nutrients. The effect of carbon dioxide fertilization on forest productivity may ultimately be limited by the rate of nutrient cycling. Contemporary and future disturbances such as climatic warming, N-deposition, deforestation, short rotation sylviculture, fire (both wild and controlled), and the invasion of exotic species all place strains on the integrity of ecosystem nutrient cycling. Global differences in climate, soils, and species make it difficult to extrapolate even a single important study worldwide. Despite advances in the understanding of nutrient cycling and carbon production in forests, many questions remain. The chapters in this volume reflect many contemporary research priorities. The thirteen studies in this volume are arranged in the following subject groups: • N and P resorption from foliage worldwide, along chronosequences and along elevation gradients; • Litter production and decomposition; • N and P stoichiometry as affected by N deposition, geographic gradients, species changes, and ecosystem restoration; • Effects of N and P addition on understory biomass, litter, and soil; • Effects of burning on soil nutrients; • Effects of N addition on soil fauna.

Author : R. Nieder,D.K. Benbi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2008-05-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402084331

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Carbon and Nitrogen in the Terrestrial Environment by R. Nieder,D.K. Benbi Pdf

Carbon and Nitrogen in the Terrestrial Environment is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary description of C and N fluxes between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere; issues related to C and N management in different ecosystems and their implications for the environment and global climate change; and the approaches to mitigate emission of greenhouse gases. Drawing upon the most up-to-date books, journals, bulletins, reports, symposia proceedings and internet sources documenting interrelationships between different aspects of C and N cycling in the terrestrial environment, Carbon and Nitrogen in the Terrestrial Environment fills the gap left by most of the currently available books on C and N cycling. They either deal with a single element of an ecosystem, or are related to one or a few selected aspects like soil organic matter (SOM) and agricultural or forest management, emission of greenhouse gases, global climate change or modeling of SOM dynamics.

Author : R. Gasche,H. Papen,H. Rennenberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789401598569

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Trace Gas Exchange in Forest Ecosystems by R. Gasche,H. Papen,H. Rennenberg Pdf

This volume summarizes the current knowledge on the exchange of trace gases between forests and the atmosphere with the restriction that exclusively carbon and nitrogen compounds are included. For this purpose the volume brings together and interconnects knowledge from different disciplines of biological and atmospheric sciences. It covers microbial and plant processes involved in the production and consumption of these trace gases; the exchange processes between forest soils and vegetation on the one hand, and the atmosphere on the other hand; the fate of the trace gases exchanged inside the atmosphere as well as environmental influences on the exchange of trace gases between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. With this interdisciplinary approach the volume provides the background for an evaluation of the exchange of trace gases between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere and man-made disturbances of this exchange.

Author : Robert G. Qualls
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2019-06-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783038976820

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Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling in Forest Soils by Robert G. Qualls Pdf

The majority of carbon stored in the soils of the world is stored in forests. The refractory nature of some portions of forest soil organic matter also provides the slow, gradual release of organic nitrogen and phosphorus to sustain long term forest productivity. Contemporary and future disturbances, such as climatic warming, deforestation, short rotation sylviculture, the invasion of exotic species, and fire, all place strains on the integrity of this homeostatic system of C, N, and P cycling. On the other hand, the CO2 fertilization effect may partially offset losses of soil organic matter, but many have questioned the ability of N and P stocks to sustain the CO2 fertilization effect. Despite many advances in the understanding of C, N, and P cycling in forest soils, many questions remain. For example, no complete inventory of the myriad structural formulae of soil organic N and P has ever been made. The factors that cause the resistance of soil organic matter to mineralization are still hotly debated. Is it possible to “engineer” forest soil organic matter so that it sequesters even more C? The role of microbial species diversity in forest C, N, and P cycling is poorly understood. The difficulty in measuring the contribution of roots to soil organic C, N, and P makes its contribution uncertain. Finally, global differences in climate, soils, and species make the extrapolation of any one important study difficult to extrapolate to forest soils worldwide.

Author : Riccardo Valentini
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783662051719

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Fluxes of Carbon, Water and Energy of European Forests by Riccardo Valentini Pdf

After years of technological development and its important achievements to make our life easier and more comfortable, human society is going to face one of the most difficult challenges of the last century: to stabilize the concentra tion levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to prevent harmful effects on the climate system. Through a delicate balance between photosynthesis and respiration, terres trial ecosystems, and in particular forests, are today thought to take up a sig nificant part of the carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere, sometimes called the "terrestrial carbon sink". However, the location, magnitude, and vulnerability of the carbon dioxide sink of the terrestrial biota are still uncer tain. The suite of traditional tools in an ecologist's toolbox for studying ecosys tem productivity and carbon balance include leaf cuvettes, whole-plant and soil chambers for gas exchange, and biomass and soil carbon inventories. While each of the cited methods has distinct advantages, they are limited with regards to their ability to measure net carbon dioxide exchange of the whole ecosystem across a variety of time scales. This book present a compendium of results of a European project (EURO FLUX), funded by the European Commission through its fourth framework program, aiming to elucidate the role of forests in continental carbon balance.

Author : L.O. Nilsson,Reinhard F. Hüttl,U.T. Johansson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 660 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789401104555

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Nutrient Uptake and Cycling in Forest Ecosystems by L.O. Nilsson,Reinhard F. Hüttl,U.T. Johansson Pdf

From the research results and discussions presented in this book it becomes clear that a profound understanding of the various interrelationships of the nutritional aspects allows the implementation of specific management strategies to improve stability and productivity of forest ecosystems. In particular the effects of environmental changes as related to the impacts of air pollution, global change and land use on nutrient uptake and cycling processes in forest ecosystems are dealt with in detail. The book is divided into six main issues and each topic contains reviews as well as selected results of recent studies.

Author : Pertti Hari,Kari Heliövaara,Liisa Kulmala
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400756038

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Physical and Physiological Forest Ecology by Pertti Hari,Kari Heliövaara,Liisa Kulmala Pdf

This book introduces a holistic synthesis of carbon and nitrogen fluxes in forest ecosystems from cell to stand level during the lifetime of trees. Establishing that metabolism and physical phenomena give rise to concentration, pressure and temperature differences that generate the material and energy fluxes between living organisms and their environment. The editors and authors utilize physiological, physical and anatomical background information to formulate theoretical ideas dealing with the effects of the environment and the state of enzymes, membrane pumps and pigments on metabolism. The emergent properties play an important role in the transitions from detailed to more aggregate levels in the ecosystem. Conservation of mass and energy allow the construction of dynamic models of carbon and nitrogen fluxes and pools at various levels in the hierarchy of forest ecosystems.

Author : Chris Koopmans
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9090094555

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The Impact of Reduced Nitrogen Deposition on Nitrogen Cycling in Dutch Forest Ecosystems by Chris Koopmans Pdf

Author : Mark A. Sutton,Clare M. Howard,Jan Willem Erisman,Gilles Billen,Albert Bleeker,Peringe Grennfelt,Hans van Grinsven,Bruna Grizzetti
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 665 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2011-04-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139501378

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The European Nitrogen Assessment by Mark A. Sutton,Clare M. Howard,Jan Willem Erisman,Gilles Billen,Albert Bleeker,Peringe Grennfelt,Hans van Grinsven,Bruna Grizzetti Pdf

Presenting the first continental-scale assessment of reactive nitrogen in the environment, this book sets the related environmental problems in context by providing a multidisciplinary introduction to the nitrogen cycle processes. Issues of upscaling from farm plot and city to national and continental scales are addressed in detail with emphasis on opportunities for better management at local to global levels. The five key societal threats posed by reactive nitrogen are assessed, providing a framework for joined-up management of the nitrogen cycle in Europe, including the first cost-benefit analysis for different reactive nitrogen forms and future scenarios. Incorporating comprehensive maps, a handy technical synopsis and a summary for policy makers, this landmark volume is an essential reference for academic researchers across a wide range of disciplines, as well as stakeholders and policy makers. It is also a valuable tool in communicating the key environmental issues and future challenges to the wider public.

Author : A. Teller,P. Mathy,J.N.R. Jeffers
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1019 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401128667

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Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes by A. Teller,P. Mathy,J.N.R. Jeffers Pdf

This book arises out of a symposium on forest and woodland terrestrial ecosystems which was held in Florence on 20-24th May 1991. It was organised jointly by the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) and the European Science Foundation (ESF) in association with the Italian Research Council (CNR). The symposium brQughUogether most -Of the internationally recognized groups working on forest ecosystems including biologists, botanists, ecologists, soil scientists, modellers, foresters and policy makers. All the CEC countries were represented. In addition, there was a broad audience from Eastern and Central Europe and from EFfA countries. Outstanding experts from outside Europe (US, Australia, Canada, Japan, China, etc.) were also present. In total, the symposium was attended by more than 500 participants. The structure of this book reflects the main elements of the meeting. As such it includes three main sections. The first consists of six major state-of-the-art reviews corresponding to the six plenary sessions, each followed by a discussion which has been summarized by rapporteurs. The reviews were prepared to assess critically the state of current knowledge in ecosystem research and to provide a scientific basis both for policy decisions and for further research.

Author : Enzai Du,Wim de Vries
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2023-10-22
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780323998482

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Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to Global Forests by Enzai Du,Wim de Vries Pdf

Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in Global Forests: Spatial Variation, Impacts, and Management Implications provides the most comprehensive knowledge on spatial variation and ecological impacts of reactive nitrogen deposition in global forests, as well as forest management options to mitigate the negative impacts. Written and edited by international experts in the field, this book synthesizes recent research developments and insights in monitoring and modeling nitrogen deposition in global forests. The book also assesses ecological impacts of enhanced nitrogen deposition on forest structure and function and responses of forest ecosystems to decreasing nitrogen deposition in regions such as the European Union and North America. Finally, the book reviews indicators and thresholds for nitrogen saturation in global forests and analyzes remediation options to reduce impacts of excess nitrogen deposition. This is an important resource for researchers in forestry and biodiversity conservation, as well as graduate students, policymakers and others who want to understand environmental issues of reactive nitrogen deposition in global forests. Offers a systematic view of the ecological impacts of enhanced nitrogen deposition Provides the most comprehensive knowledge on spatial variation and the ecological impacts of reactive nitrogen deposition in global forests Presents expert research and findings on forest management options to remediate negative impacts

Author : Howard Griffith,Paul Jarvis
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2004-03-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781135322571

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The Carbon Balance of Forest Biomes by Howard Griffith,Paul Jarvis Pdf

The Carbon Balance of Forest Biomes provides an informed synthesis on the current status of forests and their future potential for carbon sequestration. This volume is timely, since convincing models which scale from local to regional carbon fluxes are needed to support these international agreements, whilst criticisms have been levelled at existing empirical approaches. One key question is to determine how well eddy-flux measurements at the stand-level represent regional-scale processes. This may be related to specific management practices (age, plantation, fertilisation) or simple bias in choosing representative sites (ease of access, roughness, proximity to physical barriers). The ecology and regeneration state of temperate, tropical and boreal forests under current climatic conditions are discussed, together with partitioning of photosynthetic and respiratory fluxes from soils and vegetation. The volume considers how to integrate contrasting methodologies, and the latest approaches for scaling from stand to the planetary boundary layer.

Author : Rainer Brumme,Partap K. Khanna
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2009-08-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642003400

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Functioning and Management of European Beech Ecosystems by Rainer Brumme,Partap K. Khanna Pdf

Temperate forests cover large areas of Europe and perform a number of important functions such as the regulation of energy and matter, production of wood and other resources, and conservation of biodiversity and habitats; they also have special signi?cance in social and cultural contexts. Initiated in 1960s, the ?rst International Biological Program (IBP) focused on ‘‘the biological basis of productivity and human welfare. ’’ As the German contribution to the IBP, ecosystem research has been carried out since 1966 in the Solling area (Ellenberg H. , Ecological Studies 2, 1971), an upland region in Northwest Germany. This study provided clear evidence that the stability of forest ecosystems was threatened by the high inputs of at- spheric pollutants. This promoted many interdisciplinary research programs which were coordinated by Prof. Dr. Bernhard Ulrich and the Forest Ecosystems Research Center of the University of Go ̈ttingen. This involved, in addition to the Solling site, the establishment of two other sites for long-term monitoring of ecosystem pro- ̈ cesses. The two contrasting sites were established in 1980 at Gottinger Wald on base-rich calcareous soil and in 1989 at Zierenberg on volcanic soil. These projects were funded initially by the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (BMBF) as interdisciplinary projects under the titles: ‘‘Conditions of Stability of Forest Ecosystems’’ (1989–1993), and ‘‘Dynamics of Forest Ecos- tems’’ (1993–1998). The primary goal of these studies was to quantify the ecolo- cal condition of forests in a changing environment and element ?uxes.