Free Will And Moral Responsibility

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Exploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral Responsibility

Gregg D. Caruso
Exploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral Responsibility Book PDF

Author : Gregg D. Caruso
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2013-07-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780739177327

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Exploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral Responsibility by Gregg D. Caruso Pdf

Exploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral Responsibility investigates the philosophical and scientific arguments for free will skepticism and their implications. Skepticism about free will and moral responsibility has been on the rise in recent years. In fact, a significant number of philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists now either doubt or outright deny the existence of free will and/or moral responsibility—and the list of prominent skeptics appears to grow by the day. Given the profound importance that the concepts of free will and moral responsibility hold in our lives—in understanding ourselves, society, and the law—it is important that we explore what is behind this new wave of skepticism. It is also important that we explore the potential consequences of skepticism for ourselves and society. Edited by Gregg D. Caruso, this collection of new essays brings together an internationally recognized line-up of contributors, most of whom hold skeptical positions of some sort, to display and explore the leading arguments for free will skepticism and to debate their implications.

Free Will and Moral Responsibility

Justin Caouette,Ishtiyaque Haji
Free Will and Moral Responsibility Book PDF

Author : Justin Caouette,Ishtiyaque Haji
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2013-10-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781443853231

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Free Will and Moral Responsibility by Justin Caouette,Ishtiyaque Haji Pdf

Determinism is, roughly, the thesis that facts about the past and the laws of nature entail all truths. A venerable, age-old dilemma concerning responsibility distils to this: if either determinism is true or it is not true, we lack “responsibility-grounding” control. Either determinism is true or it is not true. So, we lack responsibility-grounding control. Deprived of such control, no one is ever morally responsible for anything. A number of the freshly-minted essays in this collection address aspects of this dilemma. Responding to the horn that determinism undermines the freedom that responsibility (or moral obligation) requires, the freedom to do otherwise, some papers in this collection debate the merits of Frankfurt-style examples that purport to show that one can be responsible despite lacking alternatives. Responding to the horn that indeterminism implies luck or randomness, other papers discuss the strengths or shortcomings of libertarian free will or control. Also included in this collection are essays on the freedom requirements of moral obligation, forgiveness and free will, a “desert-free” conception of free will, and vicarious legal and moral responsibility. The authors of the essays in this volume are philosophers who have made significant contributions to debates in free will, moral responsibility, moral obligation, the reactive attitudes, philosophy of action, and philosophical psychology, and include John Martin Fischer, Robert Kane, Michael McKenna, Alfred Mele, and Derk Pereboom.

Essays on Free Will and Moral Responsibility

Daniel Cohen,Nick Trakakis
Essays on Free Will and Moral Responsibility Book PDF

Author : Daniel Cohen,Nick Trakakis
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2009-05-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781443810760

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Essays on Free Will and Moral Responsibility by Daniel Cohen,Nick Trakakis Pdf

The problem of free will has fascinated philosophers since ancient times: Do we have free will, or at least the kind of free will that seems necessary for moral responsibility? Does determinism – the idea that everything that happens is necessitated to happen, given the past and the laws of nature – threaten the commonly held assumption that we are indeed free and morally responsible? Although these questions have been widely discussed in the past, the present volume offers a variety of new perspectives from philosophers who have made significant contributions to this debate over recent years, including Derk Pereboom, Robert Kane, Ishtiyaque Haji, Michael McKenna, John Martin Fischer, David Widerker and Saul Smilansky. The emphasis in these essays is not merely on free will, but on allied notions such as moral responsibility, moral obligation, fairness and meaningfulness, and on whether any room can be made for these notions in a deterministic or an indeterministic universe.

Hard Luck

Neil Levy
Hard Luck Book PDF

Author : Neil Levy
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2011-06-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191619069

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Hard Luck by Neil Levy Pdf

The concept of luck has played an important role in debates concerning free will and moral responsibility, yet participants in these debates have relied upon an intuitive notion of what luck is. Neil Levy develops an account of luck, which is then applied to the free will debate. He argues that the standard luck objection succeeds against common accounts of libertarian free will, but that it is possible to amend libertarian accounts so that they are no more vulnerable to luck than is compatibilism. But compatibilist accounts of luck are themselves vulnerable to a powerful luck objection: historical compatibilisms cannot satisfactorily explain how agents can take responsibility for their constitutive luck; non-historical compatibilisms run into insurmountable difficulties with the epistemic condition on control over action. Levy argues that because epistemic conditions on control are so demanding that they are rarely satisfied, agents are not blameworthy for performing actions that they take to be best in a given situation. It follows that if there are any actions for which agents are responsible, they are akratic actions; but even these are unacceptably subject to luck. Levy goes on to discuss recent non-historical compatibilisms, and argues that they do not offer a viable alternative to control-based compatibilisms. He suggests that luck undermines our freedom and moral responsibility no matter whether determinism is true or not.

Moral Responsibility

Nicole A. Vincent,Ibo van de Poel,Jeroen van den Hoven
Moral Responsibility Book PDF

Author : Nicole A. Vincent,Ibo van de Poel,Jeroen van den Hoven
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2011-08-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9400718780

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Moral Responsibility by Nicole A. Vincent,Ibo van de Poel,Jeroen van den Hoven Pdf

It is well over a decade since John Fischer and Mark Ravizza – and before them, Jay Wallace and Daniel Dennett – defended responsibility from the threat of determinism. But defending responsibility from determinism is a potentially endless and largely negative enterprise; it can go on for as long as dissenting voices remain, and although such work strengthens the theoretical foundations of these theories, it won’t necessarily build anything on top of those foundations, nor will it move these theories into new territory or explain how to apply them to practical contexts. To this end, the papers in this volume address these more positive challenges by exploring how compatibilist responsibility theory can be extended and/or applied in a range of practical contexts. For instance, how is the narrow philosophical concept of responsibility that was defended from the threat of determinism related to the plural notions of responsibility present in everyday discourse, and how might this more fine-grained understanding of responsibility open up new vistas and challenges for compatibilist theory? What light might compatibilism shed, and what light might be shed upon it, by political debates about access to public welfare in the context of responsibility for one’s own health, and by legal debates about the impact of self-intoxication on responsibility. Does compatibilist theory, which was originally designed to cater for analysis of individual actions, scale to scenarios that involve group action and collective responsibility — e.g. for harms due to human-induced climate change? This book’s chapters deal with a range of theoretical problems discussed in classic compatibilist literature — e.g. the relationship between responsibility and capacity, the role of historical tracing in discounting the exculpatory value of incapacities, and the justifiability of retributive punishment. But instead of motivating their discussions by focusing on the alleged threat that determinism poses to responsibility, these chapters’ authors have animated their discussions by tackling important practical problems which crop up in contemporary debates about responsibility.

Moral Psychology, Volume 4

Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
Moral Psychology Volume 4 Book PDF

Author : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 493 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2014-02-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262525473

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Moral Psychology, Volume 4 by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong Pdf

Leading philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists address issues of moral responsibility and free will, drawing on new findings from empirical science. Traditional philosophers approached the issues of free will and moral responsibility through conceptual analysis that seldom incorporated findings from empirical science. In recent decades, however, striking developments in psychology and neuroscience have captured the attention of many moral philosophers. This volume of Moral Psychology offers essays, commentaries, and replies by leading philosophers and scientists who explain and use empirical findings from psychology and neuroscience to illuminate old and new problems regarding free will and moral responsibility. The contributors—who include such prominent scholars as Patricia Churchland, Daniel Dennett, and Michael Gazzaniga—consider issues raised by determinism, compatibilism, and libertarianism; epiphenomenalism, bypassing, and naturalism; naturalism; and rationality and situationism. These writings show that although science does not settle the issues of free will and moral responsibility, it has enlivened the field by asking novel, profound, and important questions. Contributors Roy F. Baumeister, Tim Bayne, Gunnar Björnsson, C. Daryl Cameron, Hanah A. Chapman, William A. Cunningham, Patricia S. Churchland, Christopher G. Coutlee, Daniel C. Dennett, Ellen E. Furlong, Michael S. Gazzaniga, Patrick Haggard, Brian Hare, Lasana T. Harris, John-Dylan Haynes, Richard Holton, Scott A. Huettel, Robert Kane, Victoria K. Lee, Neil Levy, Alfred R. Mele, Christian Miller, Erman Misirlisoy, P. Read Montague, Thomas Nadelhoffer, Eddy Nahmias, William T. Newsome, B. Keith Payne, Derk Pereboom, Adina L. Roskies, Laurie R. Santos, Timothy Schroeder, Michael N. Shadlen, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Chandra Sripada, Christopher L. Suhler, Manuel Vargas, Gideon Yaffe

Relative Justice

Tamler Sommers
Relative Justice Book PDF

Author : Tamler Sommers
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780691139937

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Relative Justice by Tamler Sommers Pdf

Drawing on research in anthropology, psychology, and a host of other disciplines, this book argues that cross-cultural variation raises serious problems for theories that propose universally applicable conditions for moral responsibility. It develops a way of thinking about responsibility that takes cultural diversity into account.

Living Without Free Will

Derk Pereboom
Living Without Free Will Book PDF

Author : Derk Pereboom
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2006-11-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780521029964

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Living Without Free Will by Derk Pereboom Pdf

Argues that morality, meaning and value remain intact even if we are not morally responsible for our actions.

Against Moral Responsibility

Bruce N. Waller
Against Moral Responsibility Book PDF

Author : Bruce N. Waller
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2011-10-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262016599

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Against Moral Responsibility by Bruce N. Waller Pdf

A vigorous attack on moral responsibility in all its forms argues that the abolition of moral responsibility will be liberating and beneficial. In Against Moral Responsibility, Bruce Waller launches a spirited attack on a system that is profoundly entrenched in our society and its institutions, deeply rooted in our emotions, and vigorously defended by philosophers from ancient times to the present. Waller argues that, despite the creative defenses of it by contemporary thinkers, moral responsibility cannot survive in our naturalistic-scientific system. The scientific understanding of human behavior and the causes that shape human character, he contends, leaves no room for moral responsibility. Waller argues that moral responsibility in all its forms—including criminal justice, distributive justice, and all claims of just deserts—is fundamentally unfair and harmful and that its abolition will be liberating and beneficial. What we really want—natural human free will, moral judgments, meaningful human relationships, creative abilities—would survive and flourish without moral responsibility. In the course of his argument, Waller examines the origins of the basic belief in moral responsibility, proposes a naturalistic understanding of free will, offers a detailed argument against moral responsibility and critiques arguments in favor of it, gives a general account of what a world without moral responsibility would look like, and examines the social and psychological aspects of abolishing moral responsibility. Waller not only mounts a vigorous, and philosophically rigorous, attack on the moral responsibility system, but also celebrates the benefits that would result from its total abolition.

Biological Determinism, Free Will and Moral Responsibility

Chris Willmott
Biological Determinism Free Will and Moral Responsibility Book PDF

Author : Chris Willmott
Publisher : Springer
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2016-03-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319303918

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Biological Determinism, Free Will and Moral Responsibility by Chris Willmott Pdf

This book examines the way in which new discoveries about genetic and neuroscience are influencing our understanding of human behaviour. As scientists unravel more about the ways in which genes and the environment work together to shape the development of our brains, their studies have importance beyond the narrow confines of the laboratory. This emerging knowledge has implications for our notions of morality and criminal responsibility. The extent to which “biological determinism” can be used as an explanation for our behaviour is of interest to philosophers reflecting on the free will versus determinism debate. It also has repercussions for the criminal justice system; in courtrooms around the world, defence lawyers are beginning to appeal to genetic and brain imaging data as grounds for finding their clients not guilty. Can a defendant’s genes or the structure of his brain be used as an excuse for his behaviour? Is criminality “hardwired”? Is it legitimate to claim “I couldn’t help it, my genes made me do it”? This book appeals to anyone interested in the link between behaviour and genetics, the science and philosophy of moral responsibility and/or criminal law.​

Free Will

Sam Harris
Free Will Book PDF

Author : Sam Harris
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-03-06
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781451683400

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Free Will by Sam Harris Pdf

Sam Harris, bestselling author of THE END OF FAITH takes on one of today's liveliest issues: whether or not we actually have free will.

Our Fate

John Martin Fischer
Our Fate Book PDF

Author : John Martin Fischer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199311293

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Our Fate by John Martin Fischer Pdf

'Our Fate' collects John Martin Fischer's previously published articles on the relationship between God's foreknowledge and human freedom. The book includes a substantial new introductory essay that puts all of the chapters into a cohesive framework, and presents a bold new account of God's foreknowledge of free actions in a causally indeterministic world.

Free Will, Responsibility, and Crime

Ken M. Levy
Free Will Responsibility and Crime Book PDF

Author : Ken M. Levy
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2019-08-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351251761

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Free Will, Responsibility, and Crime by Ken M. Levy Pdf

In his book, philosopher and law professor Ken Levy explains why he agrees with most people, but not with most other philosophers, about free will and responsibility. Most people believe that we have both – that is, that our choices, decisions, and actions are neither determined nor undetermined but rather fully self-determined. By contrast, most philosophers understand just how difficult it is to defend this "metaphysical libertarian" position. So they tend to opt for two other theories: "responsibility skepticism" (which denies the very possibility of free will and responsibility) and "compatibilism" (which reduces free will and responsibility to properties that are compatible with determinism). In opposition to both of these theories, Levy explains how free will and responsibility are indeed metaphysically possible. But he also cautions against the dogma that metaphysical libertarianism is actually true, a widespread belief that continues to cause serious social, political, and legal harms. Levy’s book presents a crisp, tight, historically informed discussion, with fresh clarity, insight, and originality. It will become one of the definitive resources for students, academics, and general readers in this critical intersection among metaphysics, ethics, and criminal law. Key features: Presents a unique, qualified defense of "metaphysical libertarianism," the idea that our choices, decisions, and actions can be fully self-determined. Written clearly, accessibly, and with minimal jargon – rare for a book on the very difficult issues of free will and responsibility. Seamlessly connects philosophical, legal, psychological, and political issues. Will be provocative and insightful for professional philosophers, students, and non-philosophers.

Free Will, Moral Responsibility, and the Desire to Be a God

Bruce N. Waller
Free Will Moral Responsibility and the Desire to Be a God Book PDF

Author : Bruce N. Waller
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2020-09-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781793632654

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Free Will, Moral Responsibility, and the Desire to Be a God by Bruce N. Waller Pdf

Free Will, Moral Responsibility, and the Desire to be a God explores the hidden corridors of the moral responsibility system to discover why that system is so widely accepted and passionately defended. The moral responsibility system has obvious charms: it provides justification for our powerful strike-back motives, transforms selfishness into the virtuous defense of our justly deserved special benefits, draws a radical distinction between humans and the other species we exploit, and protects our nonconscious belief in a just world. Those charms notwithstanding, the resilience and endurance of the moral responsibility system indicates a hidden force that not only binds together the pieces of the system but also motivates our stubborn devotion to that system. That hidden force is a nonconscious desire to be a god: a desire that afflicts both believers and atheists, and that is almost universally denied (Nietzsche being a special exception). That desire can be found throughout the history of philosophy, from Aristotle to the present. It is also manifested in myths and a variety of religious practices and teachings. The breadth, power and harm of nonconscious “apotheosis aspiration” is the focus of this study.

The Oxford Handbook of Hume

Paul Russell
The Oxford Handbook of Hume Book PDF

Author : Paul Russell
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 833 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199742844

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The Oxford Handbook of Hume by Paul Russell Pdf

The Scottish philosopher David Hume (1711-1776) is widely regarded as the greatest and most significant English-speaking philosopher and often seen as having had the most influence on the way philosophy is practiced today in the West. His reputation is based not only on the quality of his philosophical thought but also on the breadth and scope of his writings, which ranged over metaphysics, epistemology, morals, politics, religion, and aesthetics. The Handbook's 38 newly commissioned chapters are divided into six parts: Central Themes; Metaphysics and Epistemology; Passion, Morality and Politics; Aesthetics, History, and Economics; Religion; Hume and the Enlightenment; and After Hume. The volume also features an introduction from editor Paul Russell and a chapter on Hume's biography.