From Human Attention To Computational Attention

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From Human Attention to Computational Attention

Matei Mancas,Vincent P. Ferrera,Nicolas Riche,John G. Taylor
From Human Attention to Computational Attention Book PDF

Author : Matei Mancas,Vincent P. Ferrera,Nicolas Riche,John G. Taylor
Publisher : Springer
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2016-06-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781493934355

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From Human Attention to Computational Attention by Matei Mancas,Vincent P. Ferrera,Nicolas Riche,John G. Taylor Pdf

This both accessible and exhaustive book will help to improve modeling of attention and to inspire innovations in industry. It introduces the study of attention and focuses on attention modeling, addressing such themes as saliency models, signal detection and different types of signals, as well as real-life applications. The book is truly multi-disciplinary, collating work from psychology, neuroscience, engineering and computer science, amongst other disciplines. What is attention? We all pay attention every single moment of our lives. Attention is how the brain selects and prioritizes information. The study of attention has become incredibly complex and divided: this timely volume assists the reader by drawing together work on the computational aspects of attention from across the disciplines. Those working in the field as engineers will benefit from this book’s introduction to the psychological and biological approaches to attention, and neuroscientists can learn about engineering work on attention. The work features practical reviews and chapters that are quick and easy to read, as well as chapters which present deeper, more complex knowledge. Everyone whose work relates to human perception, to image, audio and video processing will find something of value in this book, from students to researchers and those in industry.

A Computational Perspective on Visual Attention

John K. Tsotsos
A Computational Perspective on Visual Attention Book PDF

Author : John K. Tsotsos
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2021-06-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780262543804

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A Computational Perspective on Visual Attention by John K. Tsotsos Pdf

The derivation, exposition, and justification of the Selective Tuning model of vision and attention. Although William James declared in 1890, "Everyone knows what attention is," today there are many different and sometimes opposing views on the subject. This fragmented theoretical landscape may be because most of the theories and models of attention offer explanations in natural language or in a pictorial manner rather than providing a quantitative and unambiguous statement of the theory. They focus on the manifestations of attention instead of its rationale. In this book, John Tsotsos develops a formal model of visual attention with the goal of providing a theoretical explanation for why humans (and animals) must have the capacity to attend. He takes a unique approach to the theory, using the full breadth of the language of computation—rather than simply the language of mathematics—as the formal means of description. The result, the Selective Tuning model of vision and attention, explains attentive behavior in humans and provides a foundation for building computer systems that see with human-like characteristics. The overarching conclusion is that human vision is based on a general purpose processor that can be dynamically tuned to the task and the scene viewed on a moment-by-moment basis. Tsotsos offers a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of attention theories and models and a full description of the Selective Tuning model, confining the formal elements to two chapters and two appendixes. The text is accompanied by more than 100 illustrations in black and white and color; additional color illustrations and movies are available on the book's Web site.

Multimodal Computational Attention for Scene Understanding and Robotics

Boris Schauerte
Multimodal Computational Attention for Scene Understanding and Robotics Book PDF

Author : Boris Schauerte
Publisher : Springer
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2016-05-11
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319337968

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Multimodal Computational Attention for Scene Understanding and Robotics by Boris Schauerte Pdf

This book presents state-of-the-art computational attention models that have been successfully tested in diverse application areas and can build the foundation for artificial systems to efficiently explore, analyze, and understand natural scenes. It gives a comprehensive overview of the most recent computational attention models for processing visual and acoustic input. It covers the biological background of visual and auditory attention, as well as bottom-up and top-down attentional mechanisms and discusses various applications. In the first part new approaches for bottom-up visual and acoustic saliency models are presented and applied to the task of audio-visual scene exploration of a robot. In the second part the influence of top-down cues for attention modeling is investigated.

Computational Attention Towards Attentive Computers

Similar
Computational Attention Towards Attentive Computers Book PDF

Author : Similar
Publisher : Presses univ. de Louvain
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9782874630996

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Computational Attention Towards Attentive Computers by Similar Pdf

Consciously or unconsciously, humans always pay attention to a wide variety of stimuli. Attention is part of daily life and it is the first step to understanding. The proposed thesis deals with a computational approach to the human attentional mechanism and with its possible applications mainly in the field of computer vision. In a first stage, the text introduces a rarity-based three-level attention model handling monodimensional signals as well as images or video sequences. The concept of attention is defined as the transformation of a huge acquired unstructured data set into a smaller structured one while preserving the information: the attentional mechanism turns rough data into intelligence. Afterwards, several applications are described in the fields of machine vision, signal coding and enhancement, medical imaging, event detection and so on. These applications not only show the applicability of the proposed computational attention method, but they also support the idea that similarly to the fact that attention is the beginning of intelligence in humans, computational attention may be the starting point of artificial intelligence in engineering applications. Several databases containing different kinds of signals were used to test the model and its applications: audio signals of natural complex ambiences and events, real-life video sequences as well as simulated sequences and finally natural scenes, textured or synthetic images. Results are presented in a clear and comprehensive way within each application providing the relevance of the use of the computational attention model. Finally, a large discussion is opened based on the theoretical and practical achievements and future extensions are proposed.

Human Attention in Digital Environments

Claudia Roda
Human Attention in Digital Environments Book PDF

Author : Claudia Roda
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2011-02-03
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781139496568

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Human Attention in Digital Environments by Claudia Roda Pdf

Digital systems, such as phones, computers and PDAs, place continuous demands on our cognitive and perceptual systems. They offer information and interaction opportunities well above our processing abilities, and often interrupt our activity. Appropriate allocation of attention is one of the key factors determining the success of creative activities, learning, collaboration, and many other human pursuits. This book presents research related to human attention in digital environments. Original contributions by leading researchers cover the conceptual framework of research aimed at modelling and supporting human attentional processes, the theoretical and software tools currently available, and various application areas. The authors explore the idea that attention has a key role to play in the design of future technology and discuss how such technology may continue supporting human activity in environments where multiple devices compete for people's limited cognitive resources.

Computational Visual Attention Models

Milind S. Gide,Lina J. Karam
Computational Visual Attention Models Book PDF

Author : Milind S. Gide,Lina J. Karam
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2017-06-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1680832808

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Computational Visual Attention Models by Milind S. Gide,Lina J. Karam Pdf

The human visual system has evolved to have the ability to selectively focus on the most relevant parts of a visual scene. This mechanism, referred to as visual attention, has been the focus of several neurological and psychological studies in the past few decades. These studies have inspired several computational visual attention models which have been successfully applied to problems in computer vision and robotics. Computational Visual Attention Models provides a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art in computational visual attention modeling with a special focus on the latest trends. By reviewing several models published since 2012, the theoretical advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed. In addition, existing methodologies to evaluate computational models through the use of eye-tracking data along with the visual attention performance metrics used are described. The shortcomings in existing approaches and approaches to overcome them are also covered. Finally, a subjective evaluation for benchmarking existing visual attention metrics is presented and open problems in visual attention are highlighted. This monograph provides the reader with an in-depth survey of the research conducted to date in computational visual attention models and provides the basis for further research in this exciting area.

Selective Visual Attention

Liming Zhang,Weisi Lin
Selective Visual Attention Book PDF

Author : Liming Zhang,Weisi Lin
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118060056

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Selective Visual Attention by Liming Zhang,Weisi Lin Pdf

Visual attention is a relatively new area of study combining a number of disciplines: artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, vision science and psychology. The aim is to build computational models similar to human vision in order to solve tough problems for many potential applications including object recognition, unmanned vehicle navigation, and image and video coding and processing. In this book, the authors provide an up to date and highly applied introduction to the topic of visual attention, aiding researchers in creating powerful computer vision systems. Areas covered include the significance of vision research, psychology and computer vision, existing computational visual attention models, and the authors' contributions on visual attention models, and applications in various image and video processing tasks. This book is geared for graduates students and researchers in neural networks, image processing, machine learning, computer vision, and other areas of biologically inspired model building and applications. The book can also be used by practicing engineers looking for techniques involving the application of image coding, video processing, machine vision and brain-like robots to real-world systems. Other students and researchers with interdisciplinary interests will also find this book appealing. Provides a key knowledge boost to developers of image processing applications Is unique in emphasizing the practical utility of attention mechanisms Includes a number of real-world examples that readers can implement in their own work: robot navigation and object selection image and video quality assessment image and video coding Provides codes for users to apply in practical attentional models and mechanisms

The Cambridge Handbook of Computational Psychology

Ron Sun
The Cambridge Handbook of Computational Psychology Book PDF

Author : Ron Sun
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 767 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2008-04-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780521674102

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The Cambridge Handbook of Computational Psychology by Ron Sun Pdf

A cutting-edge reference source for the interdisciplinary field of computational cognitive modeling.

Attention and Performance in Computational Vision

Lucas Paletta,John K. Tsotsos,Glyn Humphreys,Erich Rome
Attention and Performance in Computational Vision Book PDF

Author : Lucas Paletta,John K. Tsotsos,Glyn Humphreys,Erich Rome
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2005-01-21
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540244219

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Attention and Performance in Computational Vision by Lucas Paletta,John K. Tsotsos,Glyn Humphreys,Erich Rome Pdf

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Attention and Performance in Computational Vision, WAPCV 2004, held in Prague, Czech Republic in May 2004. The 16 revised full papers presented together with an invited paper were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement. The papers are organized in topical sections on attention in object and scene recognition, architectures for sequential attention, biologically plausible models for attention, and applications of attentive vision.

VOCUS: A Visual Attention System for Object Detection and Goal-Directed Search

Simone Frintrop
VOCUS A Visual Attention System for Object Detection and Goal Directed Search Book PDF

Author : Simone Frintrop
Publisher : Springer
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2006-03-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540327608

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VOCUS: A Visual Attention System for Object Detection and Goal-Directed Search by Simone Frintrop Pdf

This monograph presents a complete computational system for visual attention and object detection. VOCUS (Visual Object detection with a Computational attention System) represents a major step forward on integrating data-driven and model-driven information into a single framework. Additionally, the volume contains an extensive review of the literature on visual attention, detailed evaluations of VOCUS in different settings, and applications of the system.

Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Attention

Golnaz Baghdadi,Farzad Towhidkhah,Mojdeh Rajabi
Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Attention Book PDF

Author : Golnaz Baghdadi,Farzad Towhidkhah,Mojdeh Rajabi
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2021-03-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780323909365

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Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Attention by Golnaz Baghdadi,Farzad Towhidkhah,Mojdeh Rajabi Pdf

Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Attention: Computational Models, Physiology, and Disease States describes the brain mechanisms underlying the attention control system, how those mechanisms are examined, how they operate in different disease states, and methods for improving them. Conceptual models of attention further explore their functional operation. Coverage includes the different types of attention, processing paths, brain anatomy, and attention’s role in memory and movement. Factors affecting attention are explored including nutrition, exercise, and genetics. Neurocognitive disorders impacting attention are discussed including autism, ADHD, OCD, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease. Assessment methods and treatments are uniquely set against the backdrop of current conceptual, computational, and oscillatory-based models to encourage researchers to pursue continued development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Examines brain mechanisms underlying different types of attention Explores how nutrition, exercise, genetics and more impact attention Identifies impact on attention of neurocognitive diseases and disorders Includes therapeutic advances to improve attention Provides computational models via companion website

Digital Human Modeling

Vincent G. Duffy
Digital Human Modeling Book PDF

Author : Vincent G. Duffy
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 775 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2009-07-14
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642028090

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Digital Human Modeling by Vincent G. Duffy Pdf

The 13th International Conference on Human–Computer Interaction, HCI Inter- tional 2009, was held in San Diego, California, USA, July 19–24, 2009, jointly with the Symposium on Human Interface (Japan) 2009, the 8th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, the 5th International Conference on Universal Access in Human–Computer Interaction, the Third International Conf- ence on Virtual and Mixed Reality, the Third International Conference on Internati- alization, Design and Global Development, the Third International Conference on Online Communities and Social Computing, the 5th International Conference on Augmented Cognition, the Second International Conference on Digital Human Mod- ing, and the First International Conference on Human Centered Design. A total of 4,348 individuals from academia, research institutes, industry and gove- mental agencies from 73 countries submitted contributions, and 1,397 papers that were judged to be of high scientific quality were included in the program. These papers - dress the latest research and development efforts and highlight the human aspects of the design and use of computing systems. The papers accepted for presentation thoroughly cover the entire field of human–computer interaction, addressing major advances in knowledge and effective use of computers in a variety of application areas.

The Oxford Handbook of Attention

Kia Nobre,Sabine Kastner
The Oxford Handbook of Attention Book PDF

Author : Kia Nobre,Sabine Kastner
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1260 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780198824671

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The Oxford Handbook of Attention by Kia Nobre,Sabine Kastner Pdf

During the last three decades, there have been enormous advances in our understanding of the neural mechanisms of selective attention at the network as well as the cellular level. The Oxford Handbook of Attention brings together the different research areas that constitute contemporary attention research into one comprehensive and authoritative volume. In 40 chapters, it covers the most important aspects of attention research from the areas of cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, human and animal neuroscience, computational modelling, and philosophy. The book is divided into 4 main sections. Following an introduction from Michael Posner, the books starts by looking at theoretical models of attention. The next two sections are dedicated to spatial attention and non-spatial attention respectively. Within section 4, the authors consider the interactions between attention and other psychological domains. The last two sections focus on attention-related disorders, and finally, on computational models of attention. Aimed at both scholars and students, the Oxford Handbook of Attention provides a concise and state-of-the-art review of the current literature in this field.

A Computational Perspective on Visual Attention

John K. Tsotsos
A Computational Perspective on Visual Attention Book PDF

Author : John K. Tsotsos
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780262015417

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A Computational Perspective on Visual Attention by John K. Tsotsos Pdf

The derivation, exposition, and justification of the Selective Tuning model of vision and attention.

Human Factors Issues and the Impact of Technology on Society

Lum, Heather
Human Factors Issues and the Impact of Technology on Society Book PDF

Author : Lum, Heather
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2021-05-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781799864554

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Human Factors Issues and the Impact of Technology on Society by Lum, Heather Pdf

Human factors are the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data, and other methods to design to optimize human well-being and overall system performance. Human factor issues and the impact of technology on society is a topic that is only growing, and it is essential that it is considered as technology becomes more present in our daily lives. This not only impacts society now but is something to be considered for the future. It is also incredibly important for those in the human factors profession to consider the impact of technology for their work and for the users they are helping design for. Therefore, this topic has immense impact and is important to study from a research perspective to advance the understanding of how technology works, how we work, and how we as humans work within the context of the technology we use. Human Factors Issues and the Impact of Technology on Society examines the role of technology on society with a specific focus on human factors issues and how they are associated with and related to technology use in society. A few highlighted topics within this book are digital health technologies, learning technologies, ethics in social technology, ICT use in businesses, and sustainability. These topics are only a few of examples of how this book analyzes technology in all different facets of society, making it ideal for a wide audience including human factors practitioners, technologists, sociologists, policy makers, teachers, technology developers and designers, business professionals, ethicists, researchers, academicians, students, and anyone else seeking more information on how technology is impacting society through the viewpoint of human factors.