Fundamental Constants

Author : Savely G. Karshenboim,Ekkehard Peik
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2004-08-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 3540219676

Get Book

Astrophysics, Clocks and Fundamental Constants by Savely G. Karshenboim,Ekkehard Peik Pdf

The question of a possible temporal variation of the fundamental constants was raised by Paul Dirac in his "large number hypothesis" in 1937. Today it appears in the context of the search for a unified theory of the fundamental interactions. It touches both fundamental and applied physics, as the postulate of the unalterability of the constants is the foundation for modern metrology. The book presents reviews written by leading experts in the field. Focussing on the question of variations of the fundamental "constants" in time or space, the chapters cover the theoretical framework in which variations are expected and the search for variations of quantities like the fine-structure constant, the electron/proton mass ratio, g-factors of proton and neutron etc. in astrophysical and geophysical observations and in precision experiments with atomic clocks and frequency standards.

Author : Theo W. Hänsch
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 683 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781586037840

Get Book

Metrology and Fundamental Constants by Theo W. Hänsch Pdf

One of the exciting characteristics of metrology is its intimate relationship between fundamental physics and the leading edge of technology which is needed to perform advanced and challenging experiments and measurements. This title includes a set of lectures which present the relevant progress in Metrology.

Author : Boris M. Menin
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 123 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2019-02-27
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781527530379

Get Book

Fundamental Constants by Boris M. Menin Pdf

The book is devoted to one of the important areas of theoretical and experimental physics—the calculation of the accuracy of measurements of fundamental physical constants. To achieve this goal, numerous methods and criteria have been proposed. However, all of them are focused on identifying a posteriori uncertainty caused by the idealization of the model and its subsequent computerization in comparison with the physical system. This book focuses on formulating an a priori interaction between the level of a detailed description of a material object (the number of registered quantities) and the lowest uncertainty in measuring a physical constant. It contains the materials necessary for the optimal design of models describing a physical phenomenon. It will appeal to scientists and engineers, as well as university students.

Author : Terry J. Quinn,T. J. Quinn,Sigfrido Leschiutta,P. Tavella,Società italiana di fisica
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 886 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Science
ISBN : 1586031678

Get Book

Recent Advances in Metrology and Fundamental Constants by Terry J. Quinn,T. J. Quinn,Sigfrido Leschiutta,P. Tavella,Società italiana di fisica Pdf

Over the last decade of the 20th century, many improvements took place in the field of metrology and fundamental constants. These developments and improvements are discussed in this book. The old caesium SI second definition has found a new realization with the fountain approach, replacing the classical thermal atomic beam. The use of cold atom techniques, slowed down and cooled, has opened a number of unexpected avenues for metrology and fundamental constants, one of these possibilities being the atom interferometry. Another development was the demonstration of the possiblility of performing a direct frequency division in the visible, using short femtosecond pulses. Many other developments are also discussed.

Author : Barry N. Taylor,D. N. Langenberg
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 550 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1971
Category : Physical measurements
ISBN : UIUC:30112007362830

Get Book

Precision Measurement and Fundamental Constants; Proceedings by Barry N. Taylor,D. N. Langenberg Pdf

Author : F. Bakalian
Publisher : The VLS Research Foundation
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2024-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

A new standard model of cosmology: Time-varying fundamental constants and the evolution of the universe by F. Bakalian Pdf

A new theoretical framework is presented to explain the evolution of the universe based on the time-varying properties of the fundamental constants. A static universe with time-varying constants can explain the origin of the cosmic microwave background radiation, CMB anisotropies, the CMB cold spot, the observed redshift-distance modulus data, the origin and composition of dark matter in the universe, galaxy cluster mass estimates, Milky Way galaxy luminosity estimates, population II stellar properties, vacuum-photon interactions, energy cycling between matter, radiation and vacuum field components, time-varying Higgs mechanism and particle mass, and the observed matter-antimatter dichotomy. This is a complete theoretical framework that explains the observable universe and resolves many of the issues with modern-day cosmology.

Author : E. Richard Cohen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1973
Category : Least squares
ISBN : PSU:000029951949

Get Book

The 1973 Least-squares Adjustment of the Fundamental Constants by E. Richard Cohen Pdf

Author : J. Sanders
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 579 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468478761

Get Book

Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants 4 by J. Sanders Pdf

The Conference on Nuclear Masses and their Determination which was held at the Max Planck I nstitute in Mainz from 10 to 12 July 1956 resulted in the formation by the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics of a Commission on Atomic Masses and Related Constants. Under the auspices of this Commission conferences covering these subjects were held in Hamilton, Ontario (12-16 September, 1960), in Vienna (15-19 July 1963) and in Winnipeg (28 August-1 September 1967). After the last of these conferences the Commission felt that the position regarding nuclear masses was reasonably good and that as a consequence the fundamental constants should get more emphasis in future conferences. For this reason they were very pleased to accept an offer from the National Physical Laboratory to accept the main burden of organizing the Fourth International Conference on Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants. An Organizing Committee was appointed with the members: J. H. Sanders, Chairman B. W. Petley, Secretary A. Horsfield, Treasurer P. Dean A. H. Wapstra. They were assisted by a Program Committee consisting of: A. H. Wapstra, Chairman E. R. Cohen A. Horsfield W. H. Johnson, Jr. J. H. Sanders J. Terrien.

Author : Manjunath.R
Publisher : Manjunath.R
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2022-02-23
Category : Antiques & Collectibles
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

Calculations and Interpretations of The Fundamental Constants by Manjunath.R Pdf

Throughout all of the formulations of the basic equations of gravitation, quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, the nuclear physics and their application to the real world, there appear again and again certain fundamental invariant quantities called the fundamental physical constants –which are generally believed to be both universal in nature and have constant value in time. This book discusses the calculations and Interpretations of the Fundamental Constants which consistently appear in the basic equations of theoretical physics upon which the entire scientific study rests, nor are they properties of the fundamental particles of physics of which all matter is constituted. The speed of light signifies a maximum speed for any object while the fine-structure constant characterizes the strength of the electromagnetic interaction. An accurate knowledge of fundamental constants is therefore essential if we hope to achieve an accurate quantitative description of our physical universe. The careful study of the numerical values of the fundamental constants − as determined from various experiments − can in turn determine the overall consistency and correctness of the basic theories of physics themselves.

Author : Carlos Martins
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401732727

Get Book

The Cosmology of Extra Dimensions and Varying Fundamental Constants by Carlos Martins Pdf

The workshop on The Cosmology of Extra Dimensions and Varying Fundamental Constants, which was part of JENAM 2002, was held at the Physics Department of the University of Porto (FCUP) from the 3rd to the 5th of September 2002. It was regularly attended by about 110 participants, of which 65 were officially registered in the VFC workshop, while the others came from the rest of the JENAM workshops. There were also a few science correspondents from the national and international press. During the 3 days of the scientific programme, 8 Invited Reviews and 30 Oral Communications were presented. The speakers came from 11 different European countries, and also from Argentina, Australia, Canada, Japan and the U.S.A. There were also speakers from six Portuguese research institutions, and nine of the speak ers were Ph.D. students. The contributions are presented in these proceedings in chronological order. The workshop brought together string theorists, particle physicists, theoretical and observational cosmologists, relativists and observational astrophysicists. It was generally agreed that this inter-disciplinarity was the greatest strength of the work shop, since it provided people coming into this very recent topic from the various different backgrounds with an opportunity to understand each other's language and thereby gain a more solid understanding of the overall picture.

Author : A.A. Lucas,Paul H. Cutler,A. North
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 647 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2013-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781489921451

Get Book

Quantum Metrology and Fundamental Physical Constants by A.A. Lucas,Paul H. Cutler,A. North Pdf

The object of this NATO Advanced Study Institute was to pre sent a tutorial 'introduction both to the basic physics of recent spectacular advances achieved in the field of metrology and to the determination of fundamental physical constants. When humans began to qualify their description of natural phenomena, metrology, the science of measurement, developed along side geometry and mathematics. However, flam antiquity to modern times, the role of metrology was mostly restricted to the need of commercial, social or scientific transactions of local or at most national scope. Beginning with the Renaissance, and particularly in western Europe during the last century, metrology rapidly developed an international character as a result of growing needs for more accurate measurements and common standards in the emerging indus trial society. Although the concerns of metrology are deeply rooted to fundamental sciences, it was, until recently, perceived by much of the scientific community as mostly custodial in character.

Author : John D. Barrow
Publisher : Random House
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2010-07-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781407072715

Get Book

The Constants Of Nature by John D. Barrow Pdf

The constants of nature are the numbers that define the essence of the Universe. They tell us how strong its forces are, and what its fundamental laws can do: the strength of gravity, of magnetism, the speed of light, and the masses of the smallest particles of matter. They encode the deepest secrets of the Universe and express at once our greatest knowledge and our greatest ignorance about the cosmos. Their existence has taught us the profound truth that Nature abounds with unseen regularities. Yet, while we have become skilled at measuring the values of these constants, our frustrating inability to explain or predict their values shows how much we still have to learn about the inner workings of the Universe. What is the ultimate status of these constants of Nature? Are they truly constant? Could life have evolved and persisted if they were even slightly different? And are there other Universes where they are different? These are some of the issues that this book grapples with. It looks back to the discoveries of the first constants of Nature and the impact they had on scientists like Einstein. This book also tells the story of a tantalising new development in astronomy. For the first time astronomical observations are suggesting that some of the constants of Nature were different when the Universe was younger. So are our laws of Nature slowly changing? Is anything about our Universe immune from the ravages of time? Are there any constants of Nature at all?

Author : Khalid Jerrari
Publisher : Khalid Jerrari
Page : 73 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2022-09-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9791096350094

Get Book

Theory of universal constants by Khalid Jerrari Pdf

The fundamental laws of physics include fixed numerical parameters called "universal constants". These quantities, determined experimentally and supposed to vary neither in time nor in space, remain one of the greatest mysteries of science. Our current knowledge does not allow us to understand their origin nor to determine them in a theoretical way. In this book, the author is mainly interested in these elements. His approach is to build a theoretical framework that could explain the source of these constants in our laws of physics and to propose a method that would not only predict them all but also define them. To do this, the author begins by introducing the assumptions on which he bases his theory. Then, in a first part, he expresses the universal constants, the Planck units and the thermodynamic quantities of the Universe in terms of its characteristic variables, such as its mass and its radius. In a second part, he demonstrates the constancy of the Planck units as well as that of the universal constants and, finally, he proposes a general theoretical framework to determine them.

Author : A. Di Giuseppe
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 567 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781614993261

Get Book

Metrology and Physical Constants by A. Di Giuseppe Pdf

The reliability and accuracy of systems of measurement continue to advance. We are about to enter a period of the most stable measurement system we can imagine with the anticipated new definitions of the SI units of measurement; a direct link between fundamental physics and metrology which will eliminate the current definition of the kilogram, until now based upon an artifact. This book presents selected papers from Course 185 of the Enrico Fermi International School of Physics, held in Varenna, Italy, in July 2012 and jointly organized with the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The papers delivered at the school covered some of the most advanced topics in the discipline of metrology, including nano-technologies; quantum information and quantum devices; biology and medicine; food; surface quality; ionising radiation for health, environment, art and archaeology; and climate. The continuous and striking advances in basic research concerning atomic frequency standards operating both in the visible range and at microwave levels and the applications to satellite systems are also considered, in the framework of a historical review of the international organization of metrology, as are the problems inherent in uncertainty statements and definitions. This book will be of interest to all those whose work involves scientific measurement at the highest levels of accuracy.

Author : International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi"
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 683 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2007-10-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781607502739

Get Book

Metrology and Fundamental Constants by International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi" Pdf

This volume can be justified by the following three facts, the need to provide, from time to time, a co-ordinated set of lectures which present the relevant progress in Metrology, the increasing intertwining between Fundamental Physics and the practice of Metrological Measurements, and, third, the flurry of new and unexpected discoveries in this field, with a correlated series of Nobel Prizes bestowed to individuals working in Fundamental Constants research and novel experimental methods. One of the most fascinating and exciting characteristics of metrology is its intimate relationship between fundamental physics and the leading edge of technology which is needed to perform advanced and challenging experiments and measurements, as well as the determination of the values and interrelations between the Fundamental Constants. In some cases, such as the caesium fountains clocks or the optical frequency standards, the definition of the value of a quantity is, in the laboratory, in the region of 10-16 and experiments are under way to reach 10-18. Many of these results and the avenues leading to further advances are discussed in this volume, along a major step in metrology, expected in the near future, which could change the “old” definition of the kilogram, still based on a mechanical artefact, toward a new definition resting on a fixed value of a fundamental constant.