Quantum Metrology And Fundamental Physical Constants

Author : A.A. Lucas,Paul H. Cutler,A. North
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 647 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2013-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781489921451

Get Book

Quantum Metrology and Fundamental Physical Constants by A.A. Lucas,Paul H. Cutler,A. North Pdf

The object of this NATO Advanced Study Institute was to pre sent a tutorial 'introduction both to the basic physics of recent spectacular advances achieved in the field of metrology and to the determination of fundamental physical constants. When humans began to qualify their description of natural phenomena, metrology, the science of measurement, developed along side geometry and mathematics. However, flam antiquity to modern times, the role of metrology was mostly restricted to the need of commercial, social or scientific transactions of local or at most national scope. Beginning with the Renaissance, and particularly in western Europe during the last century, metrology rapidly developed an international character as a result of growing needs for more accurate measurements and common standards in the emerging indus trial society. Although the concerns of metrology are deeply rooted to fundamental sciences, it was, until recently, perceived by much of the scientific community as mostly custodial in character.

Author : Theo W. Hänsch
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 683 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781586037840

Get Book

Metrology and Fundamental Constants by Theo W. Hänsch Pdf

One of the exciting characteristics of metrology is its intimate relationship between fundamental physics and the leading edge of technology which is needed to perform advanced and challenging experiments and measurements. This title includes a set of lectures which present the relevant progress in Metrology.

Author : Waldemar Nawrocki
Publisher : Springer
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030196776

Get Book

Introduction to Quantum Metrology by Waldemar Nawrocki Pdf

This book discusses the theory of quantum effects used in metrology, and presents the author’s research findings in the field of quantum electronics. It also describes the quantum measurement standards used in various branches of metrology, such as those relating to electrical quantities, mass, length, time and frequency. The first comprehensive survey of quantum metrology problems, it introduces a new approach to metrology, placing a greater emphasis on its connection with physics, which is of importance for developing new technologies, nanotechnology in particular. Presenting practical applications of the effects used in quantum metrology for the construction of quantum standards and sensitive electronic components, the book is useful for a broad range of physicists and metrologists. It also promotes a better understanding and approval of the new system in both industry and academia. This second edition includes two new chapters focusing on the revised SI system and satellite positioning systems. Practical realization (mise en pratique) the base units (metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, and mole), new defined in the revised SI, is presented in details. Another new chapter describes satellite positioning systems and their possible applications. In satellite positioning systems, like GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou and Galileo, quantum devices – atomic clocks – serve wide population of users.

Author : A. Di Giuseppe
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 567 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781614993261

Get Book

Metrology and Physical Constants by A. Di Giuseppe Pdf

The reliability and accuracy of systems of measurement continue to advance. We are about to enter a period of the most stable measurement system we can imagine with the anticipated new definitions of the SI units of measurement; a direct link between fundamental physics and metrology which will eliminate the current definition of the kilogram, until now based upon an artifact. This book presents selected papers from Course 185 of the Enrico Fermi International School of Physics, held in Varenna, Italy, in July 2012 and jointly organized with the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The papers delivered at the school covered some of the most advanced topics in the discipline of metrology, including nano-technologies; quantum information and quantum devices; biology and medicine; food; surface quality; ionising radiation for health, environment, art and archaeology; and climate. The continuous and striking advances in basic research concerning atomic frequency standards operating both in the visible range and at microwave levels and the applications to satellite systems are also considered, in the framework of a historical review of the international organization of metrology, as are the problems inherent in uncertainty statements and definitions. This book will be of interest to all those whose work involves scientific measurement at the highest levels of accuracy.

Author : Ernst O. Göbel,Uwe Siegner
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527344598

Get Book

The New International System of Units (SI) by Ernst O. Göbel,Uwe Siegner Pdf

The International System of Units, the SI, provides the foundation for all measurements in science, engineering, economics, and society. The SI has been fundamentally revised in 2019. The new SI is a universal and highly stable unit system based on invariable constants of nature. Its implementation rests on quantum metrology and quantum standards, which base measurements on the manipulation and counting of single quantum objects, such as electrons, photons, ions, and flux quanta. This book explains and illustrates the new SI, its impact on measurements, and the quantum metrology and quantum technology behind it. The book is based on the book ?Quantum Metrology: Foundation of Units and Measurements? by the same authors. From the contents: -Measurement -The SI (Système International d?Unités) -Realization of the SI Second: Thermal Beam Cs Clock, Laser Cooling, and the Cs Fountain Clock -Flux Quanta, Josephson Effect, and the SI Volt -Quantum Hall Effect, the SI Ohm, and the SI Farad -Single-Charge Transfer Devices and the SI Ampere -The SI Kilogram, the Mole, and the Planck constant -The SI Kelvin and the Boltzmann Constant -Beyond the present SI: Optical Clocks and Quantum Radiometry -Outlook

Author : Ernst O. Goebel,Uwe Siegner
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2015-06-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527680924

Get Book

Quantum Metrology by Ernst O. Goebel,Uwe Siegner Pdf

The International System of Units (SI) is the world's most widely used system of measurement, used every day in commerce and science, and is the modern form of the metric system. It currently comprises the meter (m), the kilogram (kg), the second (s), the ampere (A), the kelvin (K), the candela (cd) and the mole (mol)). The system is changing though, units and unit definitions are modified through international agreements as the technology of measurement progresses, and as the precision of measurements improves. The SI is now being redefined based on constants of nature and their realization by quantum standards. Therefore, the underlying physics and technologies will receive increasing interest, and not only in the metrology community but in all fields of science. This book introduces and explains the applications of modern physics concepts to metrology, the science and the applications of measurements. A special focus is made on the use of quantum standards for the realization of the forthcoming new SI (the international system of units). The basic physical phenomena are introduced on a level which provides comprehensive information for the experienced reader but also provides a guide for a more intense study of these phenomena for students.

Author : V. de Sabbata,Vitaly N. Melnikov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 547 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400929555

Get Book

Gravitational Measurements, Fundamental Metrology and Constants by V. de Sabbata,Vitaly N. Melnikov Pdf

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Erice, Italy, May 2-12, 1987

Author : T.J. Quinn,S. Leschiutta
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 836 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2001-12-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781614990024

Get Book

Recent Advances in Metrology and Fundamental Constants by T.J. Quinn,S. Leschiutta Pdf

The exchange between physics and metrology is always fascinating and exciting. Many are the open problems in physics that call for extremely precise standards, many are the advances in metrology made possible by a deep and assiduous study of the underlying physics. One has just to think of the enormous sophistication required in the measurements of some absolute quantities such as the Avogadro, the gas, or the gravitational constants. It is also worth noticing that not only the units of a metrological system are interrelated through the fundamental constants, but also the latter find their full significance when they are determined through the most exacting metrological experiments. Over the past decade many improvements took place and these are discussed in this book; from one side the old caesium SI second definition has found a new realisation, with the “fountain” approach, replacing the classical thermal atomic beam. The use of “cold” atom techniques, in which bunches of inert atoms are collected, slowed down, and cooled, has opened a number of new and unexpected avenues for metrology and fundamental constants; one of these possibilities being the atom interferometry. Another important “quantum jump” was the demonstration of the possibility of performing a direct frequency division in the visible, using ultra short femtosecond pulses. In addition, the possibility of “counting” electrons or photons gave a fundamental support to the development of single-electron capacitance standards and to new scenarios in the absolute calibration of photo-detectors.

Author : Brian William Petley
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Physical constants
ISBN : UCAL:B4513865

Get Book

The Fundamental Physical Constants and the Frontier of Measurement, by Brian William Petley Pdf

Fundamental physical constants are used throughout the world by scientists and technologists in the course of every kind of theoretical and experimental research work. The book examines the present state of the measurement arts, and gives indications of likely future developments. This comprehensive and stimulating volume will certainly become a standard reference work in the field of measurement science for physicists, metrologists and workers in other physical science disciplines where a high accuracy of measurement is required.

Author : United States. National Bureau of Standards
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 546 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1971
Category : Measurement
ISBN : UOM:39015095089333

Get Book

Precision Measurement and Fundamental Constants; Proceedings by United States. National Bureau of Standards Pdf

Author : Boris M. Menin
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 123 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2019-02-27
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781527530379

Get Book

Fundamental Constants by Boris M. Menin Pdf

The book is devoted to one of the important areas of theoretical and experimental physics—the calculation of the accuracy of measurements of fundamental physical constants. To achieve this goal, numerous methods and criteria have been proposed. However, all of them are focused on identifying a posteriori uncertainty caused by the idealization of the model and its subsequent computerization in comparison with the physical system. This book focuses on formulating an a priori interaction between the level of a detailed description of a material object (the number of registered quantities) and the lowest uncertainty in measuring a physical constant. It contains the materials necessary for the optimal design of models describing a physical phenomenon. It will appeal to scientists and engineers, as well as university students.

Author : E. Bava,M. Kühne,A. M. Rossi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Science
ISBN : 8874380836

Get Book

Metrology and Physical Constants by E. Bava,M. Kühne,A. M. Rossi Pdf

Annotation The reliability and accuracy of systems of measurement continue to advance. We are about to enter a period of the most stable measurement system we can imagine with the anticipated new definitions of the SI units of measurement; a direct link between fundamental physics and metrology which will eliminate the current definition of the kilogram, until now based upon an artifact.This book presents selected papers from Course 185 of the Enrico Fermi International School of Physics, held in Varenna, Italy, in July 2012 and jointly organized with the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The papers delivered at the school covered some of the most advanced topics in the discipline of metrology, including nano-technologies; quantum information and quantum devices; biology and medicine; food; surface quality; ionising radiation for health, environment, art and archaeology; and climate. The continuous and striking advances in basic research concerning atomic frequency standards operating both in the visible range and at microwave levels and the applications to satellite systems are also considered, in the framework of a historical review of the international organization of metrology, as are the problems inherent in uncertainty statements and definitions.This book will be of interest to all those whose work involves scientific measurement at the highest levels of accuracy.

Author : Andrea De Marchi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 493 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642745010

Get Book

Frequency Standards and Metrology by Andrea De Marchi Pdf

Since the previous Symposium, several exciting new developments and advances have occurred in the field of frequency standards and metrology. These include the first results on the long-tenn stability of a millisecond Pulsar, for which data 14 integrated over several years now show a stability of around 10- . Improvements in the understanding of various biases in Cesium beam standards promise accuracies in the low 14s for primary standards and in the low 13s for short commercial tubes, for which long tenn stabilities in low 14s have already been shown to be obtainable by accuracy improvement. Beams using optical pumping for state selection and for detection have been operated with excellent results, and more are being realized. Other new frequency standards which have appeared include a macroscopic rf trap with Mercury ions, which perfonns in the low 15s in one day, the sub millimeter metastable Magnesium beam, which has shown a short tenn stability 19 in the low 12s in one second and promises an accuracy of 10- , and the cold Hydrogen masers, which have such high stabilities that they cannot be measured with existing local oscillators. Prospects for future developments include laser manipulation of neutrals and spectroscopy of single ions at rest in a trap. Both these groups of techniques have great potential for unprecedented accuracy and short-and long-tenn stability, and new superior frequency standards are expected to be realizable in this way in the not too distant future.

Author : H. Bachmair
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1992-12-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 3540542582

Get Book

Einheiten und Fundamentalkonstanten in Physik und Chemie by H. Bachmair Pdf

Subvolume b.

Author : L. Crovini,T.J. Quinn
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 673 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1992-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444597830

Get Book

Metrology at the Frontiers of Physics and Technology by L. Crovini,T.J. Quinn Pdf

The spectroscopy of trapped ions or laser-cooled atoms offers the prospect of visible frequency standards to match or even exceed the accuracy of the caesium standard. The development of satellite methods for time comparisons has improved by more than an order of magnitude the accuracy with which national laboratories can routinely compare their clocks. Mechanical metrology has not been left behind. Driven by the need to improve manufacturing technology, major advances have taken place in computer control machining and mechanical measuring systems. These, and many other fascinating developments in the field of metrology are presented in this book.