Fundamentals Of Ocean Climate Models

Author : Stephen Griffies
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2018-06-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691187129

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Fundamentals of Ocean Climate Models by Stephen Griffies Pdf

This book sets forth the physical, mathematical, and numerical foundations of computer models used to understand and predict the global ocean climate system. Aimed at students and researchers of ocean and climate science who seek to understand the physical content of ocean model equations and numerical methods for their solution, it is largely general in formulation and employs modern mathematical techniques. It also highlights certain areas of cutting-edge research. Stephen Griffies presents material that spans a broad spectrum of issues critical for modern ocean climate models. Topics are organized into parts consisting of related chapters, with each part largely self-contained. Early chapters focus on the basic equations arising from classical mechanics and thermodynamics used to rationalize ocean fluid dynamics. These equations are then cast into a form appropriate for numerical models of finite grid resolution. Basic discretization methods are described for commonly used classes of ocean climate models. The book proceeds to focus on the parameterization of phenomena occurring at scales unresolved by the ocean model, which represents a large part of modern oceanographic research. The final part provides a tutorial on the tensor methods that are used throughout the book, in a general and elegant fashion, to formulate the equations.

Author : Stephen M. Griffies,Anne Marie Treguier
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 904 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128058695

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Ocean Circulation and Climate by Stephen M. Griffies,Anne Marie Treguier Pdf

This chapter focuses on numerical models used to understand and predict large-scale circulation, such as the circulation comprising basin and global scales. It is organized according to two themes. The first addresses physical and numerical topics forming a foundation for ocean models. We focus here on the science of ocean models, in which we ask questions about fundamental processes and develop the mathematical equations for ocean thermo-hydrodynamics. We also touch upon various methods used to represent the continuum ocean fluid with a discrete computer model, raising such topics as the finite volume formulation of the ocean equations; the choice for vertical coordinate; the complementary issues related to horizontal gridding; and the pervasive questions of subgrid scale parameterizations. The second theme of this chapter concerns the applications of ocean models, in particular how to design an experiment and how to analyze results. This material forms the basis for ocean modelling, with the aim being to mechanistically describe, interpret, understand, and predict emergent features of the simulated, and ultimately the observed, ocean.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 904 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780123918536

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Ocean Circulation and Climate by Anonim Pdf

The book represents all the knowledge we currently have on ocean circulation. It presents an up-to-date summary of the state of the science relating to the role of the oceans in the physical climate system. The book is structured to guide the reader through the wide range of world ocean circulation experiment (WOCE) science in a consistent way. Cross-references between contributors have been added, and the book has a comprehensive index and unified reference list. The book is simple to read, at the undergraduate level. It was written by the best scientists in the world who have collaborated to carry out years of experiments to better understand ocean circulation. Presents in situ and remote observations with worldwide coverage Provides theoretical understanding of processes within the ocean and at its boundaries to other Earth System components Allows for simulating ocean and climate processes in the past, present and future using a hierarchy of physical-biogeochemical models

Author : Carlos Roberto Mechoso,Soon-il An,Sophie Valcke
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2021-07-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811232954

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Atmosphere-ocean Modeling: Coupling And Couplers by Carlos Roberto Mechoso,Soon-il An,Sophie Valcke Pdf

Coupled atmosphere-ocean models are at the core of numerical climate models. There is an extraordinarily broad class of coupled atmosphere-ocean models ranging from sets of equations that can be solved analytically to highly detailed representations of Nature requiring the most advanced computers for execution. The models are applied to subjects including the conceptual understanding of Earth's climate, predictions that support human activities in a variable climate, and projections aimed to prepare society for climate change. The present book fills a void in the current literature by presenting a basic and yet rigorous treatment of how the models of the atmosphere and the ocean are put together into a coupled system. The text of the book is divided into chapters organized according to complexity of the components that are coupled. Two full chapters are dedicated to current efforts on the development of generalist couplers and coupling methodologies all over the world.

Author : Artem S. Sarkisyan,Jürgen Sündermann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2009-05-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402092084

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Modelling Ocean Climate Variability by Artem S. Sarkisyan,Jürgen Sündermann Pdf

In this wide-ranging and comprehensive review of the historical development and current status of ocean circulation models, the analysis extends from simple analytical approaches to the latest high-resolution numerical models with data assimilation. The authors, both of whom are pioneer scientists in ocean and shelf sea modelling, look back at the evolution of Western and Eastern modelling methodologies during the second half of the last century. They also present the very latest information on ocean climate modelling and offer examples for a number of oceans and shelf seas. The book includes a critical analysis of literature on ocean climate variability modelling, as well as assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the best-known modelling techniques. It also anticipates future developments in the field, focusing on models based on a synthesis of numerical simulation and field observation, and on nonlinear thermodynamic model data synthesis.

Author : Zhihua Zhang,John C. Moore
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 494 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2014-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128005835

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Mathematical and Physical Fundamentals of Climate Change by Zhihua Zhang,John C. Moore Pdf

Mathematical and Physical Fundamentals of Climate Change is the first book to provide an overview of the math and physics necessary for scientists to understand and apply atmospheric and oceanic models to climate research. The book begins with basic mathematics then leads on to specific applications in atmospheric and ocean dynamics, such as fluid dynamics, atmospheric dynamics, oceanic dynamics, and glaciers and sea level rise. Mathematical and Physical Fundamentals of Climate Change provides a solid foundation in math and physics with which to understand global warming, natural climate variations, and climate models. This book informs the future users of climate models and the decision-makers of tomorrow by providing the depth they need. Developed from a course that the authors teach at Beijing Normal University, the material has been extensively class-tested and contains online resources, such as presentation files, lecture notes, solutions to problems and MATLab codes. Includes MatLab and Fortran programs that allow readers to create their own models Provides case studies to show how the math is applied to climate research Online resources include presentation files, lecture notes, and solutions to problems in book for use in classroom or self-study

Author : B. Baker
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 435 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Klimatologie
ISBN : 0785535896

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Ocean Models and Climate Models by B. Baker Pdf

Author : Peter R. Gent
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 904 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128058725

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Ocean Circulation and Climate by Peter R. Gent Pdf

Coupled climate models consist of atmosphere, ocean, land, and sea ice components. Most climate models now do not need to use flux adjustments to maintain the present-day climate in a control run, when the forcings have a repeating annual cycle or are constant in time. A control run must simulate well-known important large-scale phenomena, such as the El Nino/Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic overturning circulation. Climate models are used to simulate the climate of the twentieth century, and to make projections of the future climate. The uses and limitations of climate models are then described, and several cutting edge issues are discussed.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on Sustaining Ocean Observations to Understand Future Changes in Earth's Climate
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 151 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2018-01-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309466806

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Sustaining Ocean Observations to Understand Future Changes in Earth's Climate by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on Sustaining Ocean Observations to Understand Future Changes in Earth's Climate Pdf

The ocean is an integral component of the Earth's climate system. It covers about 70% of the Earth's surface and acts as its primary reservoir of heat and carbon, absorbing over 90% of the surplus heat and about 30% of the carbon dioxide associated with human activities, and receiving close to 100% of fresh water lost from land ice. With the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, notably carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion, the Earth's climate is now changing more rapidly than at any time since the advent of human societies. Society will increasingly face complex decisions about how to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change such as droughts, sea-level rise, ocean acidification, species loss, changes to growing seasons, and stronger and possibly more frequent storms. Observations play a foundational role in documenting the state and variability of components of the climate system and facilitating climate prediction and scenario development. Regular and consistent collection of ocean observations over decades to centuries would monitor the Earth's main reservoirs of heat, carbon dioxide, and water and provides a critical record of long-term change and variability over multiple time scales. Sustained high-quality observations are also needed to test and improve climate models, which provide insights into the future climate system. Sustaining Ocean Observations to Understand Future Changes in Earth's Climate considers processes for identifying priority ocean observations that will improve understanding of the Earth's climate processes, and the challenges associated with sustaining these observations over long timeframes.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Challenges in Representing Physical Processes in Coupled Atmosphere-Land-Ocean Models
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2005-05-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309096096

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Improving the Scientific Foundation for Atmosphere-Land-Ocean Simulations by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Challenges in Representing Physical Processes in Coupled Atmosphere-Land-Ocean Models Pdf

The National Academies' Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (BASC) held a workshop to explore and evaluate current efforts to model physical processes of coupled atmosphere-land-ocean (A-L-O) models. Numerical models of the atmosphere and ocean are central to weather prediction, research, and education. Although great strides have been made over the past few decades in understanding the atmosphere and ocean, modeling capabilities, and numerical A-L-O simulations, some unresolved processes in the models do not adequately represent knowledge of the underlying physics. Moreover, there is evidence that further progress in numerical simulations is being impeded by the slow pace of improvement in the representation of key physical processes in the models and the fact that geophysical flow models are not receiving the attention needed to make these tools more useful and accurate. These models often are used to predict future events, so it is imperative that their underlying physical processes be represented as robustly as possible. During the workshop, the parameterization of physical processes in A-L-O models was addressed, including associated errors, testing, and efforts to improve the use of parameterizations. Participants also examined intellectual and scientific challenges in modeling and highlighted the idea that some of the key impediments to progress in representing physical processes are primarily cultural in nature.

Author : A. R. Robinson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1979-01-01
Category : Atmosphere
ISBN : OCLC:638433685

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Ocean Models and Climate Models by A. R. Robinson Pdf

Author : Guoqi Han,Hai Lin,Douw Steyn
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 471 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2019-07-09
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781351691208

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Data, Models and Analysis by Guoqi Han,Hai Lin,Douw Steyn Pdf

This volume contains the ten most cited articles that have appeared in the journal Atmosphere-Ocean since 1995. These articles cover a wide range of topics in meteorology, climatology and oceanography. Modelling work is represented in five papers, covering global climate model development; a cumulus parameterization scheme for global climate models; development of a regional forecast modelling system and parameterization of peatland hydraulic processes for climate models. Data rehabilitation and compilation in order to support trend analysis work on comprehensive precipitation and temperature data sets is presented in four papers. Field studies are represented by a paper on the circumpolar lead system. While the modelling studies are global in their application and applicability, the data analysis and field study papers cover environments that are specifically, but not uniquely, Canadian. This book will be of interest to researchers, students and professionals in the various sub-fields of meteorology, oceanography and climate science.

Author : J. David Neelin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2010-12-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139491372

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Climate Change and Climate Modeling by J. David Neelin Pdf

Provides students with a solid foundation in climate science, with which to understand global warming, natural climate variations, and climate models. As climate models are one of our primary tools for predicting and adapting to climate change, it is vital we appreciate their strengths and limitations. Also key is understanding what aspects of climate science are well understood and where quantitative uncertainties arise. This textbook will inform the future users of climate models and the decision-makers of tomorrow by providing the depth they need, while requiring no background in atmospheric science and only basic calculus and physics. Developed from a course that the author teaches at UCLA, material has been extensively class-tested and with online resources of colour figures, Powerpoint slides, and problem sets, this is a complete package for students across all sciences wishing to gain a solid grounding in climate science.

Author : Lars Petter Røed
Publisher : Springer
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2018-09-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319938646

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Atmospheres and Oceans on Computers by Lars Petter Røed Pdf

This textbook introduces step by step the basic numerical methods to solve the equations governing the motion of the atmosphere and ocean, and describes how to develop a set of corresponding instructions for the computer as part of a code. Today's computers are powerful enough to allow 7-day forecasts within hours, and modern teaching of the subject requires a combination of theoretical and computational approaches. The presentation is aimed at beginning graduate students intending to become forecasters or researchers, that is, users of existing models or model developers. However, model developers must be well versed in the underlying physics as well as in numerical methods. Thus, while some of the topics discussed in the modeling of the atmosphere and ocean are more advanced, the book ensures that the gap between those scientists who analyze results from model simulations and observations and those who work with the inner works of the model does not widen further. In this spirit, the course presents methods whereby important balance equations in oceanography and meteorology, namely the advection-diffusion equation and the shallow water equations on a rotating Earth, can be solved by numerical means with little prior knowledge. The numerical focus is on the finite-difference (FD) methods, and although more powerful methods exist, the simplicity of FD makes it ideal as a pedagogical introduction to the subject. The book also includes suitable exercises and computer problems.

Author : Kendal McGuffie,Ann Henderson-Sellers
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118687857

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A Climate Modelling Primer by Kendal McGuffie,Ann Henderson-Sellers Pdf

As a consequence of recent increased awareness of the social and political dimensions of climate, many non-specialists discover a need for information about the variety of available climate models. A Climate Modelling Primer, Third Edition explains the basis and mechanisms of all types of current physically-based climate models. A thoroughly revised and updated edition, this book assists the reader in understanding the complexities and applicabilities of today’s wide range of climate models. Topics covered include the latest techniques for modelling the coupled biosphere-ocean-atmosphere system, information on current practical aspects of climate modelling and ways to evaluate and exploit the results, discussion of Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs), and interactive exercises based on Energy Balance Model (EBM) and the Daisyworld model. Source codes and results from a range of model types allows readers to make their own climate simulations and to view the results of the latest high resolution models. The accompanying CD contains: A suite of resources for those wishing to learn more about climate modelling. A range of model visualisations. Data from climate models for use in the classroom. Windows and Macintosh programs for an Energy Balance Model. Selected figures from the book for inclusion in presentations and lectures. Suitable for 3rd/4th year undergraduates taking courses in climate modelling, economic forecasting, computer science, environmental science, geography and oceanography. Also of relevance to researchers and professionals working in related disciplines with climate models or who need accessible technical background to climate modelling predictions.