Ocean Models And Climate Models

Author : Stephen Griffies
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2018-06-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691187129

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Fundamentals of Ocean Climate Models by Stephen Griffies Pdf

This book sets forth the physical, mathematical, and numerical foundations of computer models used to understand and predict the global ocean climate system. Aimed at students and researchers of ocean and climate science who seek to understand the physical content of ocean model equations and numerical methods for their solution, it is largely general in formulation and employs modern mathematical techniques. It also highlights certain areas of cutting-edge research. Stephen Griffies presents material that spans a broad spectrum of issues critical for modern ocean climate models. Topics are organized into parts consisting of related chapters, with each part largely self-contained. Early chapters focus on the basic equations arising from classical mechanics and thermodynamics used to rationalize ocean fluid dynamics. These equations are then cast into a form appropriate for numerical models of finite grid resolution. Basic discretization methods are described for commonly used classes of ocean climate models. The book proceeds to focus on the parameterization of phenomena occurring at scales unresolved by the ocean model, which represents a large part of modern oceanographic research. The final part provides a tutorial on the tensor methods that are used throughout the book, in a general and elegant fashion, to formulate the equations.

Author : B. Baker
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 435 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Klimatologie
ISBN : 0785535896

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Ocean Models and Climate Models by B. Baker Pdf

Author : Carlos Roberto Mechoso,Soon-il An,Sophie Valcke
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2021-07-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811232954

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Atmosphere-ocean Modeling: Coupling And Couplers by Carlos Roberto Mechoso,Soon-il An,Sophie Valcke Pdf

Coupled atmosphere-ocean models are at the core of numerical climate models. There is an extraordinarily broad class of coupled atmosphere-ocean models ranging from sets of equations that can be solved analytically to highly detailed representations of Nature requiring the most advanced computers for execution. The models are applied to subjects including the conceptual understanding of Earth's climate, predictions that support human activities in a variable climate, and projections aimed to prepare society for climate change. The present book fills a void in the current literature by presenting a basic and yet rigorous treatment of how the models of the atmosphere and the ocean are put together into a coupled system. The text of the book is divided into chapters organized according to complexity of the components that are coupled. Two full chapters are dedicated to current efforts on the development of generalist couplers and coupling methodologies all over the world.

Author : A. R. Robinson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1979-01-01
Category : Atmosphere
ISBN : OCLC:638433685

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Ocean Models and Climate Models by A. R. Robinson Pdf

Author : Andrew Gettelman,Richard B. Rood
Publisher : Springer
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2016-04-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783662489598

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Demystifying Climate Models by Andrew Gettelman,Richard B. Rood Pdf

This book demystifies the models we use to simulate present and future climates, allowing readers to better understand how to use climate model results. In order to predict the future trajectory of the Earth’s climate, climate-system simulation models are necessary. When and how do we trust climate model predictions? The book offers a framework for answering this question. It provides readers with a basic primer on climate and climate change, and offers non-technical explanations for how climate models are constructed, why they are uncertain, and what level of confidence we should place in them. It presents current results and the key uncertainties concerning them. Uncertainty is not a weakness but understanding uncertainty is a strength and a key part of using any model, including climate models. Case studies of how climate model output has been used and how it might be used in the future are provided. The ultimate goal of this book is to promote a better understanding of the structure and uncertainties of climate models among users, including scientists, engineers and policymakers.

Author : Philip J. Rasch
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461457671

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Climate Change Modeling Methodology by Philip J. Rasch Pdf

The Earth's average temperature has risen by 1.4°F over the past century, and computer models project that it will rise much more over the next hundred years, with significant impacts on weather, climate, and human society. Many climate scientists attribute these increases to the build up of greenhouse gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels and to the anthropogenic production of short-lived climate pollutants. Climate Change Modeling Methodologies: Selected Entries from the Encyclopaedia of Sustainability Science and Technology provides readers with an introduction to the tools and analysis techniques used by climate change scientists to interpret the role of these forcing agents on climate. Readers will also gain a deeper understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of these models and how to test and assess them. The contributions include a glossary of key terms and a concise definition of the subject for each topic, as well as recommendations for sources of more detailed information.

Author : Thomas Stocker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2011-05-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642007736

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Introduction to Climate Modelling by Thomas Stocker Pdf

A three-tier approach is presented: (i) fundamental dynamical concepts of climate processes, (ii) their mathematical formulation based on balance equations, and (iii) the necessary numerical techniques to solve these equations. This book showcases the global energy balance of the climate system and feedback processes that determine the climate sensitivity, initial-boundary value problems, energy transport in the climate system, large-scale ocean circulation and abrupt climate change.

Author : Kendal McGuffie,Ann Henderson-Sellers
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118687857

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A Climate Modelling Primer by Kendal McGuffie,Ann Henderson-Sellers Pdf

As a consequence of recent increased awareness of the social and political dimensions of climate, many non-specialists discover a need for information about the variety of available climate models. A Climate Modelling Primer, Third Edition explains the basis and mechanisms of all types of current physically-based climate models. A thoroughly revised and updated edition, this book assists the reader in understanding the complexities and applicabilities of today’s wide range of climate models. Topics covered include the latest techniques for modelling the coupled biosphere-ocean-atmosphere system, information on current practical aspects of climate modelling and ways to evaluate and exploit the results, discussion of Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs), and interactive exercises based on Energy Balance Model (EBM) and the Daisyworld model. Source codes and results from a range of model types allows readers to make their own climate simulations and to view the results of the latest high resolution models. The accompanying CD contains: A suite of resources for those wishing to learn more about climate modelling. A range of model visualisations. Data from climate models for use in the classroom. Windows and Macintosh programs for an Energy Balance Model. Selected figures from the book for inclusion in presentations and lectures. Suitable for 3rd/4th year undergraduates taking courses in climate modelling, economic forecasting, computer science, environmental science, geography and oceanography. Also of relevance to researchers and professionals working in related disciplines with climate models or who need accessible technical background to climate modelling predictions.

Author : Committee on a National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Division on Earth and Life Studies
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2013-01-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309259781

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A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling by Committee on a National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Division on Earth and Life Studies Pdf

As climate change has pushed climate patterns outside of historic norms, the need for detailed projections is growing across all sectors, including agriculture, insurance, and emergency preparedness planning. A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling emphasizes the needs for climate models to evolve substantially in order to deliver climate projections at the scale and level of detail desired by decision makers, this report finds. Despite much recent progress in developing reliable climate models, there are still efficiencies to be gained across the large and diverse U.S. climate modeling community. Evolving to a more unified climate modeling enterprise-in particular by developing a common software infrastructure shared by all climate researchers and holding an annual climate modeling forum-could help speed progress. Throughout this report, several recommendations and guidelines are outlined to accelerate progress in climate modeling. The U.S. supports several climate models, each conceptually similar but with components assembled with slightly different software and data output standards. If all U.S. climate models employed a single software system, it could simplify testing and migration to new computing hardware, and allow scientists to compare and interchange climate model components, such as land surface or ocean models. A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling recommends an annual U.S. climate modeling forum be held to help bring the nation's diverse modeling communities together with the users of climate data. This would provide climate model data users with an opportunity to learn more about the strengths and limitations of models and provide input to modelers on their needs and provide a venue for discussions of priorities for the national modeling enterprise, and bring disparate climate science communities together to design common modeling experiments. In addition, A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling explains that U.S. climate modelers will need to address an expanding breadth of scientific problems while striving to make predictions and projections more accurate. Progress toward this goal can be made through a combination of increasing model resolution, advances in observations, improved model physics, and more complete representations of the Earth system. To address the computing needs of the climate modeling community, the report suggests a two-pronged approach that involves the continued use and upgrading of existing climate-dedicated computing resources at modeling centers, together with research on how to effectively exploit the more complex computer hardware systems expected over the next 10 to 20 years.

Author : J. David Neelin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2010-12-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139491372

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Climate Change and Climate Modeling by J. David Neelin Pdf

Provides students with a solid foundation in climate science, with which to understand global warming, natural climate variations, and climate models. As climate models are one of our primary tools for predicting and adapting to climate change, it is vital we appreciate their strengths and limitations. Also key is understanding what aspects of climate science are well understood and where quantitative uncertainties arise. This textbook will inform the future users of climate models and the decision-makers of tomorrow by providing the depth they need, while requiring no background in atmospheric science and only basic calculus and physics. Developed from a course that the author teaches at UCLA, material has been extensively class-tested and with online resources of colour figures, Powerpoint slides, and problem sets, this is a complete package for students across all sciences wishing to gain a solid grounding in climate science.

Author : Stephen M. Griffies,Anne Marie Treguier
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 904 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128058695

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Ocean Circulation and Climate by Stephen M. Griffies,Anne Marie Treguier Pdf

This chapter focuses on numerical models used to understand and predict large-scale circulation, such as the circulation comprising basin and global scales. It is organized according to two themes. The first addresses physical and numerical topics forming a foundation for ocean models. We focus here on the science of ocean models, in which we ask questions about fundamental processes and develop the mathematical equations for ocean thermo-hydrodynamics. We also touch upon various methods used to represent the continuum ocean fluid with a discrete computer model, raising such topics as the finite volume formulation of the ocean equations; the choice for vertical coordinate; the complementary issues related to horizontal gridding; and the pervasive questions of subgrid scale parameterizations. The second theme of this chapter concerns the applications of ocean models, in particular how to design an experiment and how to analyze results. This material forms the basis for ocean modelling, with the aim being to mechanistically describe, interpret, understand, and predict emergent features of the simulated, and ultimately the observed, ocean.

Author : Kendal McGuffie,Ann Henderson-Sellers
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 455 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2014-04-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119943372

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The Climate Modelling Primer by Kendal McGuffie,Ann Henderson-Sellers Pdf

As a consequence of recent increased awareness of the social and political dimensions of climate, many non-specialists discover a need for information about the variety of available climate models. A Climate Modelling Primer, Fourth Edition is designed to explain the basis and mechanisms of all types of current physically-based climate models. A thoroughly revised and updated edition, this book will assist the reader in understanding the complexities and applicabilities of today’s wide range of climate models. Topics covered include the latest techniques for modelling the coupled biosphere-ocean-atmosphere system, information on current practical aspects of climate modelling and ways to evaluate and exploit the results, discussion of Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs), and interactive exercises based on Energy Balance Model (EBM) and the Daisyworld model. Source codes and results from a range of model types allows readers to make their own climate simulations and to view the results of the latest high resolution models. Now in full colour throughout and with the addition of cartoons to enhance student understanding the new edition of this successful textbook enables the student to tackle the difficult subject of climate modeling.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Challenges in Representing Physical Processes in Coupled Atmosphere-Land-Ocean Models
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2005-05-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309096096

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Improving the Scientific Foundation for Atmosphere-Land-Ocean Simulations by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Challenges in Representing Physical Processes in Coupled Atmosphere-Land-Ocean Models Pdf

The National Academies' Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (BASC) held a workshop to explore and evaluate current efforts to model physical processes of coupled atmosphere-land-ocean (A-L-O) models. Numerical models of the atmosphere and ocean are central to weather prediction, research, and education. Although great strides have been made over the past few decades in understanding the atmosphere and ocean, modeling capabilities, and numerical A-L-O simulations, some unresolved processes in the models do not adequately represent knowledge of the underlying physics. Moreover, there is evidence that further progress in numerical simulations is being impeded by the slow pace of improvement in the representation of key physical processes in the models and the fact that geophysical flow models are not receiving the attention needed to make these tools more useful and accurate. These models often are used to predict future events, so it is imperative that their underlying physical processes be represented as robustly as possible. During the workshop, the parameterization of physical processes in A-L-O models was addressed, including associated errors, testing, and efforts to improve the use of parameterizations. Participants also examined intellectual and scientific challenges in modeling and highlighted the idea that some of the key impediments to progress in representing physical processes are primarily cultural in nature.

Author : Rao Kotamarthi,Katharine Hayhoe,Donald Wuebbles,Linda O. Mearns,Jennifer Jacobs,Jennifer Jurado
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2021-02-11
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781108473750

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Downscaling Techniques for High-Resolution Climate Projections by Rao Kotamarthi,Katharine Hayhoe,Donald Wuebbles,Linda O. Mearns,Jennifer Jacobs,Jennifer Jurado Pdf

A practical guide to understanding, using and producing downscaled climate data, for researchers, graduate students, policy makers and practitioners.

Author : Peter R. Gent
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 904 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128058725

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Ocean Circulation and Climate by Peter R. Gent Pdf

Coupled climate models consist of atmosphere, ocean, land, and sea ice components. Most climate models now do not need to use flux adjustments to maintain the present-day climate in a control run, when the forcings have a repeating annual cycle or are constant in time. A control run must simulate well-known important large-scale phenomena, such as the El Nino/Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic overturning circulation. Climate models are used to simulate the climate of the twentieth century, and to make projections of the future climate. The uses and limitations of climate models are then described, and several cutting edge issues are discussed.