Genomic Approaches For Cross Species Extrapolation In Toxicology
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Genomic Approaches for Cross-Species Extrapolation in Toxicology by William H. Benson,Richard T. Di Giulio Pdf
The latest tools for investigating stress response in organisms, genomic technologies provide great insight into how different organisms respond to environmental conditions. However, their usefulness needs to be tested, verified, and codified. Genomic Approaches for Cross-Species Extrapolation in Toxicology provides a balanced discussion drawn from
Author : Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry Publisher : S E T A C Press Page : 187 pages File Size : 50,9 Mb Release : 2006-12 Category : Electronic ISBN : 1880611880
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants,Committee on Applications of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants,Committee on Applications of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 58 pages File Size : 43,6 Mb Release : 2006-04-24 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309181686
Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants,Committee on Applications of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation Pdf
Some of what we know about the health effects of exposure to chemicals from food, drugs, and the environment come from studies of occupational, inadvertent, or accident-related exposures. When there is not enough human data, scientists rely on animal data to assess risk from chemical exposure and make health and safety decisions. However, humans and animals can respond differently to chemicals, including the types of adverse effects experienced and the dosages at which they occur. Scientists in the field of toxicogenomics are using new technologies to study the effects of chemicals. For example, in response to a particular chemical exposure, they can study gene expression ("transcriptomics"), proteins ("proteomics") and metabolites ("metabolomics"), and they can also look at how individual and species differences in the underlying DNA sequence itself can result in different responses to the environment. Based on a workshop held in August 2004, this report explores how toxicogenomics could enhance scientists' ability to make connections between data from experimental animal studies and human health.
Genomics in Regulatory Ecotoxicology by Gerald Ankley,Ann Miracle,Edward J. Perkins,George P. Daston Pdf
Fueled partially by large, well-publicized efforts such as the Human Genome Project, genomic research is a rapidly growing area in multiple biological disciplines, including toxicology. Much of this potential, however, has been discussed in the literature and at technical meetings only in relatively broad terms, making it difficult to assess exactly how data generated from new genomics technologies might actually impact or benefit the risk assessment process.
Applications of Toxicogenomics in Safety Evaluation and Risk Assessment by Darrell R. Boverhof,B. Bhaskar Gollapudi Pdf
This book provides a timely overview of toxicogenomics, with special emphasis on the practical applications of this technology to the risk assessment process. Introductory sections are followed by a series of chapters highlighting practical and systematic applications of toxicogenomics in informing the risk assessment process – including the areas of mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, endocrine toxicity, organ-specific toxicity, population monitoring, and ecotoxicology. The book concludes with approaches for the integration of this technology in safety evaluation studies, and an outlook on how toxicogenomics and complementary technologies can reframe the current risk assessment paradigm.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 300 pages File Size : 52,8 Mb Release : 2007-11-19 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309178891
Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology Pdf
The new field of toxicogenomics presents a potentially powerful set of tools to better understand the health effects of exposures to toxicants in the environment. At the request of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Research Council assembled a committee to identify the benefits of toxicogenomics, the challenges to achieving them, and potential approaches to overcoming such challenges. The report concludes that realizing the potential of toxicogenomics to improve public health decisions will require a concerted effort to generate data, make use of existing data, and study data in new waysâ€"an effort requiring funding, interagency coordination, and data management strategies.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants,Committee on Applications of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants,Committee on Applications of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 58 pages File Size : 46,8 Mb Release : 2006-05-24 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309100847
Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants,Committee on Applications of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation Pdf
Some of what we know about the health effects of exposure to chemicals from food, drugs, and the environment come from studies of occupational, inadvertent, or accident-related exposures. When there is not enough human data, scientists rely on animal data to assess risk from chemical exposure and make health and safety decisions. However, humans and animals can respond differently to chemicals, including the types of adverse effects experienced and the dosages at which they occur. Scientists in the field of toxicogenomics are using new technologies to study the effects of chemicals. For example, in response to a particular chemical exposure, they can study gene expression ("transcriptomics"), proteins ("proteomics") and metabolites ("metabolomics"), and they can also look at how individual and species differences in the underlying DNA sequence itself can result in different responses to the environment. Based on a workshop held in August 2004, this report explores how toxicogenomics could enhance scientists' ability to make connections between data from experimental animal studies and human health.
Data Analysis for Omic Sciences: Methods and Applications by Anonim Pdf
Data Analysis for Omic Sciences: Methods and Applications, Volume 82, shows how these types of challenging datasets can be analyzed. Examples of applications in real environmental, clinical and food analysis cases help readers disseminate these approaches. Chapters of note include an Introduction to Data Analysis Relevance in the Omics Era, Omics Experimental Design and Data Acquisition, Microarrays Data, Analysis of High-Throughput RNA Sequencing Data, Analysis of High-Throughput DNA Bisulfite Sequencing Data, Data Quality Assessment in Untargeted LC-MS Metabolomic, Data Normalization and Scaling, Metabolomics Data Preprocessing, and more. Presents the best reference book for omics data analysis Provides a review of the latest trends in transcriptomics and metabolomics data analysis tools Includes examples of applications in research fields, such as environmental, biomedical and food analysis
Extrapolation Practice for Ecotoxicological Effect Characterization of Chemicals by Keith R. Solomon,Theo C.M. Brock,Dick De Zwart,Scott D. Dyer,Leo Posthuma,Sean Richards,Hans Sanderson,Paul Sibley,Paul J. van den Brink Pdf
A wide-ranging compilation of techniques, Extrapolation Practice for Ecotoxicological Effect Characterization of Chemicals describes methods of extrapolation in the framework of ecological risk assessment. The book, informally known as EXPECT, identifies data needs and situations where these extrapolations can be most usefully applied, makin
National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Developmental Toxicology
Author : National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Developmental Toxicology Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 348 pages File Size : 54,8 Mb Release : 2000-12-21 Category : Nature ISBN : 9780309070867
Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment by National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Developmental Toxicology Pdf
Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment reviews advances made during the last 10-15 years in fields such as developmental biology, molecular biology, and genetics. It describes a novel approach for how these advances might be used in combination with existing methodologies to further the understanding of mechanisms of developmental toxicity, to improve the assessment of chemicals for their ability to cause developmental toxicity, and to improve risk assessment for developmental defects. For example, based on the recent advances, even the smallest, simplest laboratory animals such as the fruit fly, roundworm, and zebrafish might be able to serve as developmental toxicological models for human biological systems. Use of such organisms might allow for rapid and inexpensive testing of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity; presently, there are little or no developmental toxicity data available for the majority of natural and manufactured chemicals in use. This new approach to developmental toxicology and risk assessment will require simultaneous research on several fronts by experts from multiple scientific disciplines, including developmental toxicologists, developmental biologists, geneticists, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians.
Functional genomics has come of age. No longer is it an adventure for the avant garde scientist, but it has become an increasingly standardized mainstream tool accessible to any modern biological laboratory. Toxicogenomics studies are now generating an avalanche of data that, with the aid of established informatics methodology, is being translated into biologically meaningful information. This is enabling us to start harvesting the benefits from years of investment in terms of technology, time, and (of course) money. It is therefore timely to bring together leading toxicologists with a wide variety of scientific aims in this book to demonstrate how microarray technology can be successfully applied to different research areas. This book transects biology from bacteria to human, from ecologically relevant sentinel organisms to well-characterized model species, and represents the full toxicogenomics arena from exploratory "blue sky" science to the prospects for incorporation into regulatory frameworks. * Reviews some of the first really fruitful studies made in this area * Covers different organisms ranging from humans to model species and environmental sentinels * Provides a broad view of the area, increasing its attractiveness to researchers working in a variety of specialties
A Comprehensive Guide to Toxicology in Preclinical Drug Development by Ali S. Faqi Pdf
A Comprehensive Guide to Toxicology in Preclinical Drug Development is a resource for toxicologists in industry and regulatory settings, as well as directors working in contract resource organizations, who need a thorough understanding of the drug development process. Incorporating real-life case studies and examples, the book is a practical guide that outlines day-to-day activities and experiences in preclinical toxicology. This multi-contributed reference provides a detailed picture of the complex and highly interrelated activities of preclinical toxicology in both small molecules and biologics. The book discusses discovery toxicology and the international guidelines for safety evaluation, and presents traditional and nontraditional toxicology models. Chapters cover development of vaccines, oncology drugs, botanic drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and more, as well as study development and personnel, the role of imaging in preclinical evaluation, and supporting materials for IND applications. By incorporating the latest research in this area and featuring practical scenarios, this reference is a complete and actionable guide to all aspects of preclinical drug testing. Chapters written by world-renowned contributors who are experts in their fields Includes the latest research in preclinical drug testing and international guidelines Covers preclinical toxicology in small molecules and biologics in one single source
Toxicogenomics in non-mammalian species by Stephen Sturzenbaum, Michael Aschner,Jonathan Freedman Pdf
Some molecules or conditions are exclusively toxic to biological systems and classified as being non-essential; others are essential for life. Nevertheless, above certain threshold even the essential will become toxic. Tightly controlled homeostatic control mechanisms are thus vital drivers of well being, longevity and survival. The identification and characterization of these intricate pathways form the foundations of Toxicogenomics. The initiation, and indeed completion, of numerous non-mammalian genome-sequencing projects, has driven the exponential growth of available genetic sequences. Collating this vast amount of data into functional and mechanistically meaningful units will provide novel insights into pathogenesis, new methods of risk assessment, genetic risk-modifications in preventative medicine and new therapeutic targets for pharmaceutical and biological medicines. This Research Topic issue will explore the current knowledgebase pertaining to the multitude of genomic and toxicological tools within non-mammalian organisms. The encyclopaedic coverage will span the full taxonomic breadth ranging from simple unicellular bacteria and yeast to complex creatures such as birds and fish. The resulting collection of unique, complimentary or indeed contrasting approaches, tools and technologies (which are defined by the availability and feasibility for each organism to study genomics of xenobiotic or stress biology) will not only foster cross-phyla awareness but expand the horizon of Toxicogenomics.
Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles, Second Edition by Donald W. Sparling,Greg Linder,Christine A. Bishop,Sherry Krest Pdf
Building on the success of its popular predecessor, the second edition of Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles presents newly available findings on the species that are important environmental indicators. This new edition covers nearly twice as many topics as the first, including recent developments in the ecotoxicology of amphibians and reptiles, the current status of these animals, and intrinsic factors that affect their susceptibility to contaminants. The book also provides the latest information on specific groups of contaminants and their effects and body burdens in herpetafauna. After a review of how contaminants interact with other ecological factors, the text explores concerns for the future. New in the second edition: New research on the effects of pesticides, heavy metals, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and UVB Increased focus on the effects of contaminants rather than merely reporting residue information A synthesis of information on atrazine and its effects on gonads at low concentrations Coverage of the potentially alarming new cadre of chemicals that have recently or are about to come on the market for which there is very little or no information Important advances in surveying and monitoring One of the major factors behind the writing of the first edition was the worldwide phenomenon of declining amphibian populations. Although this decline has not abated, the breadth of research into its causes has expanded significantly. With chapter contributors carefully selected by the team of editors as leaders in their fields, this book provides an authoritative compendium of the most recent information on effects and residues coupled with a syntheses of what these numbers mean to science and policy.
Andreas Schaeffer,Paul J. van den Brink,Fred Heimbach,Simon P. Hoy,Frank M.W. de Jong,Jorg Rombke,Martina Roß-Nickoll,Jose P. Sousa
Author : Andreas Schaeffer,Paul J. van den Brink,Fred Heimbach,Simon P. Hoy,Frank M.W. de Jong,Jorg Rombke,Martina Roß-Nickoll,Jose P. Sousa Publisher : CRC Press Page : 144 pages File Size : 54,9 Mb Release : 2010-08-03 Category : Science ISBN : 9781439828595
Semi-Field Methods for the Environmental Risk Assessment of Pesticides in Soil by Andreas Schaeffer,Paul J. van den Brink,Fred Heimbach,Simon P. Hoy,Frank M.W. de Jong,Jorg Rombke,Martina Roß-Nickoll,Jose P. Sousa Pdf
Based on discussions at the 2007 SETAC Europe PERAS Workshop in Coimbra, Semi-Field Methods for the Environmental Risk Assessment of Pesticides in Soil presents a timely summary of state-of-the-art higher-tier terrestrial risk assessment of plant protection products (PPPs). Influential regulators, academics, and industry scientists provide a compre