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Author : V. de Sabbata,Vitaly N. Melnikov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 547 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400929555
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Erice, Italy, May 2-12, 1987
Author : Theo W. Hänsch
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 683 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781586037840
One of the exciting characteristics of metrology is its intimate relationship between fundamental physics and the leading edge of technology which is needed to perform advanced and challenging experiments and measurements. This title includes a set of lectures which present the relevant progress in Metrology.
Author : T.J. Quinn,S. Leschiutta
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 836 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2001-12-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781614990024
The exchange between physics and metrology is always fascinating and exciting. Many are the open problems in physics that call for extremely precise standards, many are the advances in metrology made possible by a deep and assiduous study of the underlying physics. One has just to think of the enormous sophistication required in the measurements of some absolute quantities such as the Avogadro, the gas, or the gravitational constants. It is also worth noticing that not only the units of a metrological system are interrelated through the fundamental constants, but also the latter find their full significance when they are determined through the most exacting metrological experiments. Over the past decade many improvements took place and these are discussed in this book; from one side the old caesium SI second definition has found a new realisation, with the “fountain” approach, replacing the classical thermal atomic beam. The use of “cold” atom techniques, in which bunches of inert atoms are collected, slowed down, and cooled, has opened a number of new and unexpected avenues for metrology and fundamental constants; one of these possibilities being the atom interferometry. Another important “quantum jump” was the demonstration of the possibility of performing a direct frequency division in the visible, using ultra short femtosecond pulses. In addition, the possibility of “counting” electrons or photons gave a fundamental support to the development of single-electron capacitance standards and to new scenarios in the absolute calibration of photo-detectors.
Author : A.A. Lucas,Paul H. Cutler,A. North
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 647 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781489921451
The object of this NATO Advanced Study Institute was to pre sent a tutorial 'introduction both to the basic physics of recent spectacular advances achieved in the field of metrology and to the determination of fundamental physical constants. When humans began to qualify their description of natural phenomena, metrology, the science of measurement, developed along side geometry and mathematics. However, flam antiquity to modern times, the role of metrology was mostly restricted to the need of commercial, social or scientific transactions of local or at most national scope. Beginning with the Renaissance, and particularly in western Europe during the last century, metrology rapidly developed an international character as a result of growing needs for more accurate measurements and common standards in the emerging indus trial society. Although the concerns of metrology are deeply rooted to fundamental sciences, it was, until recently, perceived by much of the scientific community as mostly custodial in character.
Author : Ronald Sherrod
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2021-10-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9798490691068
The Newtonian constant of gravitation, G (often referred to as "big G"), is one of the most important of the universal fundamental physical constants. However, its value is the least well-determined of all such constants. This is because G is very difficult to measure reliably. Even though the gravitational force is responsible for star and galaxy formation on the massive scale of the universe, the force itself is minuscule on the tiny scale of the laboratory masses which must be used in the measurement. Consequently, its experimental value is prone to a high degree of inaccuracy. Moreover, it is the viewpoint of most physicists that G is not related to the other fundamental physical constants by any theory or understanding that is currently available. Therefore, it is thought that the value of G can only be obtained by measurement, and not from evaluating it in terms of other fundamental constants whose values are known with much greater precision and accuracy. The work presented in the book is an attempt to break through this mental barrier by demonstrating through numerical analysis that G is definitely related to the other fundamental constants. Consequently, it is possible to propose an exact value for G (to nine significant figures) that is obtainable from evaluation instead of from measurement.
Author : V. de Sabbata,George T. Gillies,Vitaly N. Melnikov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 454 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2004-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 1402019564
An up-to-date description of progress and current problems with the gravitational constant, both in terms of generalized gravitational theories and experiments either in the laboratory, using Casimir force measurements, or in space at solar system distances and in cosmological observations. Contributions cover different aspects of the state and prediction of unified theories of the physical interactions including gravitation as a cardinal link, the role of experimental gravitation and observational cosmology in discriminating between them, the problem of the precise measurement and stability of fundamental physical constants in space and time, and the gravitational constant in particular. Recent advances discussed include unified and scalar-tensor theories, theories in diverse dimensions and their observational windows, gravitational experiments in space, rotational and torsional effects in gravity, basic problems in cosmology, early universe as an arena for testing unified models, and big bang nucleosynthesis.
Author : Brian William Petley
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Physical constants
ISBN : UCAL:B4513865
Fundamental physical constants are used throughout the world by scientists and technologists in the course of every kind of theoretical and experimental research work. The book examines the present state of the measurement arts, and gives indications of likely future developments. This comprehensive and stimulating volume will certainly become a standard reference work in the field of measurement science for physicists, metrologists and workers in other physical science disciplines where a high accuracy of measurement is required.
Author : A. Di Giuseppe
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 567 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781614993261
The reliability and accuracy of systems of measurement continue to advance. We are about to enter a period of the most stable measurement system we can imagine with the anticipated new definitions of the SI units of measurement; a direct link between fundamental physics and metrology which will eliminate the current definition of the kilogram, until now based upon an artifact. This book presents selected papers from Course 185 of the Enrico Fermi International School of Physics, held in Varenna, Italy, in July 2012 and jointly organized with the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The papers delivered at the school covered some of the most advanced topics in the discipline of metrology, including nano-technologies; quantum information and quantum devices; biology and medicine; food; surface quality; ionising radiation for health, environment, art and archaeology; and climate. The continuous and striking advances in basic research concerning atomic frequency standards operating both in the visible range and at microwave levels and the applications to satellite systems are also considered, in the framework of a historical review of the international organization of metrology, as are the problems inherent in uncertainty statements and definitions. This book will be of interest to all those whose work involves scientific measurement at the highest levels of accuracy.
Author : Astronomisches Rechen-Institut
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1308 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662123676
From the reviews: "Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts has appeared in semi-annual volumes since 1969 and it has already become one of the fundamental publications in the fields of astronomy, astrophysics and neighbouring sciences. It is the most important English-language abstracting journal in the mentioned branches. ...The abstracts are classified under more than a hundred subject categories, thus permitting a quick survey of the whole extended material. The AAA is a valuable and important publication for all students and scientists working in the fields of astronomy and related sciences. As such it represents a necessary ingredient of any astronomical library all over the world." Space Science Reviews#1 "Dividing the whole field plus related subjects into 108 categories, each work is numbered and most are accompanied by brief abstracts. Fairly comprehensive cross-referencing links relevant papers to more than one category, and exhaustive author and subject indices are to be found at the back, making the catalogues easy to use. The series appears to be so complete in its coverage and always less than a year out of date that I shall certainly have to make a little more space on those shelves for future volumes." The Observatory Magazine#2
Author : Theo W. Hänsch,Società italiana di fisica
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 649 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Science
ISBN : 1435677811
Author : V. de Sabbata,George T. Gillies,Vitaly N. Melnikov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2004-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 1402019556
An up-to-date description of progress and current problems with the gravitational constant, both in terms of generalized gravitational theories and experiments either in the laboratory, using Casimir force measurements, or in space at solar system distances and in cosmological observations. Contributions cover different aspects of the state and prediction of unified theories of the physical interactions including gravitation as a cardinal link, the role of experimental gravitation and observational cosmology in discriminating between them, the problem of the precise measurement and stability of fundamental physical constants in space and time, and the gravitational constant in particular. Recent advances discussed include unified and scalar-tensor theories, theories in diverse dimensions and their observational windows, gravitational experiments in space, rotational and torsional effects in gravity, basic problems in cosmology, early universe as an arena for testing unified models, and big bang nucleosynthesis.
Author : Boris M. Menin
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 123 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2019-02-27
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781527530379
The book is devoted to one of the important areas of theoretical and experimental physics—the calculation of the accuracy of measurements of fundamental physical constants. To achieve this goal, numerous methods and criteria have been proposed. However, all of them are focused on identifying a posteriori uncertainty caused by the idealization of the model and its subsequent computerization in comparison with the physical system. This book focuses on formulating an a priori interaction between the level of a detailed description of a material object (the number of registered quantities) and the lowest uncertainty in measuring a physical constant. It contains the materials necessary for the optimal design of models describing a physical phenomenon. It will appeal to scientists and engineers, as well as university students.
Author : Peter W. Hawkes
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2005-10-18
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0120147807
Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics merges two long-running serials-Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. This series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains. - Discusses Spectral Color Spaces - Covers Phase Contrast Enhancement with Phase Plates in Electron Microscopy - Studies the Optical Properties of Gas Phase Field Ionization Sources - Looks at Symmetric and Nonsymmetric Divergence Measures and Their Generalizations - Describes the features and future of the International System of Units (SI) - Illustrates Importance Sampling Hough Transform
Author : Barry N. Taylor,D. N. Langenberg
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 550 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1971
Category : Physical measurements
ISBN : UIUC:30112007362830
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 796 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Particles (Nuclear physics)
ISBN : PSU:000052636332