Growing More Rice With Less Water Increasing Water Productivity In Rice Based Cropping Systems
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International Water Management Institute (IWMI),International Rice Research Institute (IRRI),Wuhan University (WHU),CSIRO Land and Water Griffith Laboratory (Australia)
Author : International Water Management Institute (IWMI),International Rice Research Institute (IRRI),Wuhan University (WHU),CSIRO Land and Water Griffith Laboratory (Australia) Publisher : IWMI Page : 65 pages File Size : 40,6 Mb Release : 2004 Category : Rice ISBN : 9789290905318
Growing more rice with less water: Increasing water productivity in rice- based cropping systems by International Water Management Institute (IWMI),International Rice Research Institute (IRRI),Wuhan University (WHU),CSIRO Land and Water Griffith Laboratory (Australia) Pdf
Work continues at two sites in China, the Zhanghe irrigation system (ZIS) in Hubei and the Liuyuankuo irrigation system (LIS) in Henan, and at the Murrumbidgee irrigation area (MIA) in Australia. Progress this year is reported by subproject. However, as we move into the modeling phase of the study, a major focus this coming year will be on integrating activities between subprojects.
International Water Management Institute (IWMI) ,International Rice Research Institute (IRRI),Wuhan University (WHU),CSIRO Land and Water Griffith Laboratory (Australia)
Author : International Water Management Institute (IWMI) ,International Rice Research Institute (IRRI),Wuhan University (WHU),CSIRO Land and Water Griffith Laboratory (Australia) Publisher : IWMI Page : 38 pages File Size : 43,6 Mb Release : 2003 Category : Irrigation farming ISBN : 9789290905066
Growing more rice with less water: Increasing water productivity in rice-based cropping systems – Progress of research, 1 July 2001 to 30 June 2002 by International Water Management Institute (IWMI) ,International Rice Research Institute (IRRI),Wuhan University (WHU),CSIRO Land and Water Griffith Laboratory (Australia) Pdf
The project is a follow-on to Impact of Water Saving Techniques in China (LWRl/98/66) that focused on the Zhanghe Irrigation System (ZIS) in Hubei Province and it has been expanded to include a second site in the drier Yellow river basin, the Liuyuankou Irrigation System (LIS) in Henan Province, and the Lower Murrumbidgee Catchment in Australia. An Australian partner, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) was added to the team comprising the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Wuhan University (WHU) to strengthen our modeling and analytical capacity.
Producing More Rice with Less Water from Irrigated Systems by Luis Catasús Guerra,International Water Management Institute Pdf
Over the past decade, we have witnessed a growing scarcity of and competition for water around the world. As the demand for water for domestic, municipal, industrial, and environmental purposes rises in the future, less water will be available for agriculture. But the potentials for new water resource development projects and expanding irrigated area are limited. We must therefore find ways to increase the productivity of water used for irrigation. This paper reviews the literature on irrigation efficiency and on the potential for increasing the productivity of water in rice-based systems. It stresses the continuing confusion over the concepts of irrigation efficiency and water productivity. It identifies the reasons for the wide gap between water requirement and actual water input (both irrigation diversions and rainfall) in irrigated rice production systems and discusses potential opportunities for increasing water productivity both on-farm and at the system level. Based on the reported low farm and system level irrigation efficiencies, the potentials for water savings in rice production appear to be very large. But we do not know the degree to which various farm and system interventions will lead to sustainable water savings in the water basin until we can quantify the downstream impact of the interventions. Studies on the economic benefits and costs, and environmental aspects of alternative interventions are also lacking. This paper emphasizes the need to measure the productivity of water at farm, system, and basin levels, and to understand how the productivity at one level relates to the productivity at another. Without water balance studies to measure productivity at these different scales, it is not possible to identify the potential economic benefits of alternative interventions and the most appropriate strategies for increasing irrigation water p productivity in rice-based systems.
Rice Improvement by Jauhar Ali,Shabir Hussain Wani Pdf
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. By 2050, human population is expected to reach 9.7 billion. The demand for increased food production needs to be met from ever reducing resources of land, water and other environmental constraints. Rice remains the staple food source for a majority of the global populations, but especially in Asia where ninety percent of rice is grown and consumed. Climate change continues to impose abiotic and biotic stresses that curtail rice quality and yields. Researchers have been challenged to provide innovative solutions to maintain, or even increase, rice production. Amongst them, the ‘green super rice’ breeding strategy has been successful for leading the development and release of multiple abiotic and biotic stress tolerant rice varieties. Recent advances in plant molecular biology and biotechnologies have led to the identification of stress responsive genes and signaling pathways, which open up new paradigms to augment rice productivity. Accordingly, transcription factors, protein kinases and enzymes for generating protective metabolites and proteins all contribute to an intricate network of events that guard and maintain cellular integrity. In addition, various quantitative trait loci associated with elevated stress tolerance have been cloned, resulting in the detection of novel genes for biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Mechanistic understanding of the genetic basis of traits, such as N and P use, is allowing rice researchers to engineer nutrient-efficient rice varieties, which would result in higher yields with lower inputs. Likewise, the research in micronutrients biosynthesis opens doors to genetic engineering of metabolic pathways to enhance micronutrients production. With third generation sequencing techniques on the horizon, exciting progress can be expected to vastly improve molecular markers for gene-trait associations forecast with increasing accuracy. This book emphasizes on the areas of rice science that attempt to overcome the foremost limitations in rice production. Our intention is to highlight research advances in the fields of physiology, molecular breeding and genetics, with a special focus on increasing productivity, improving biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and nutritional quality of rice.
Waqar Ahmed Jehangir,Ilyas Masih,Shehzad Ahmed,Mustaq Ahmad Gill,Maqsood Ahmad,Riaz Ahmad Mann,Muhammad Rafiq Chaudhary,Asad Sarwar Qureshi,Hugh Turral
Author : Waqar Ahmed Jehangir,Ilyas Masih,Shehzad Ahmed,Mustaq Ahmad Gill,Maqsood Ahmad,Riaz Ahmad Mann,Muhammad Rafiq Chaudhary,Asad Sarwar Qureshi,Hugh Turral Publisher : IWMI Page : 47 pages File Size : 40,8 Mb Release : 2007-04-23 Category : Crop yields ISBN : 9789290906537
Sustaining crop water productivity in rice-wheat systems of South Asia: A case study from the Punjab, Pakistan by Waqar Ahmed Jehangir,Ilyas Masih,Shehzad Ahmed,Mustaq Ahmad Gill,Maqsood Ahmad,Riaz Ahmad Mann,Muhammad Rafiq Chaudhary,Asad Sarwar Qureshi,Hugh Turral Pdf
This working paper presents the results of the Pakistan Component of the Rice-Wheat Consortium Project on ‘Sustaining the rice-wheat production systems of Asia’. Rice and wheat crops are main nsources of human food and substantially contribute to feeding livestock. The advent of the green revolution in the 1960s resulted in a tremendous increase in the production of these two cereal crops and the rice-wheat cropping system emerged as a very important source of food supply in South Asia. Recent symptoms of stagnant growth rates in productivity and the degradation of the resource base pose serious challenges to future food security and natural resources management in the region. The growing scarcity of water in the region
Giordano, Meredith,Turral, H.,Scheierling, S. M.,Treguer, D. O.,McCornick, Peter G.
Author : Giordano, Meredith,Turral, H.,Scheierling, S. M.,Treguer, D. O.,McCornick, Peter G. Publisher : Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Washington, DC, USA: The World Bank Page : 58 pages File Size : 47,8 Mb Release : 2017-06-01 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 9789290908487
Intercropping Under Rice-Based Cropping System: An Experimental Study on Productivity and Profitability by Manish Kumar Singh Pdf
Rice farmers are mostly involved in monoculture practices. This deprives the land for growing other food crops. Hence, a better alternative of mono/sole cropping is required to overcome this shortcoming. Therefore, a shift from mono cropping to inter/multiple cropping as an excellent strategy for intensifying land use and increasing income and production per unit area and time is appreciated. Production efficiency, economic efficiency and employment generation efficiency of any diversified system is a direct measure of its preferability. Keeping this view in mind, this study deals with the production potential and economic viability of different rabi intercropping in rabi cereal, legume, oilseeds and spices to identify the suitable/remunerative rice (Oryza sativa L.) based cropping systems.
Water Productivity in Agriculture by J. W. Kijne,Randolph Barker,D. J. Molden Pdf
First title in a major new seriesAddresses improving water productivity to relieve problems of scarcity and competition to provide for food and environmental securityDraws from scientists having a multitude of disciplines to approach this important problemIn a large number of developing countries, policy makers and researchers are increasingly aware of the conflicting demands on water, and look at agriculture to be more effective in its use of water. Focusing on both irrigated and rain-fed agriculture, this book gives a state of the art review of the limits and opportunities for improving water productivity in crop production. It demonstrates how efficiency of water use can be enhanced to maximize yields. The book represents the first in a new series of volumes resulting from the Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture, a research program conducted by the CGIAR's Future Harvest Centres, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and partners worldwide. It will be of significant interest to those working in areas of soil and crop science, water management, irrigation, and development studies.
More Crop Per Drop by Meredith Giordano,Frank R. Rijsberman,R. Maria Saleth Pdf
This volume is an analytical summary and a critical synthesis of research at the International Water Management Institute over the past decade under its evolving research paradigm known popularly as 'more crop per drop'. The research synthesized here covers the full range of issues falling in the larger canvas of water-food-health-environment interface. Besides its immediate role in sharing knowledge with the research, donor, and policy communities, this volume also has a larger purpose of promoting a new way of looking at the water issues within the broader development context of food, livelihood, health and environmental challenges. More crop per drop: Revisiting a research paradigm contrasts the acquired wisdom and fresh thinking on some of the most challenging water issues of our times. It describes new tools, approaches, and methodologies and also illustrates them with practical application both from a global perspective and within the local and regional contexts of Asia and Africa. Since this volume brings together all major research works of IWMI, including an almost exhaustive list of citations, in one single set of pages, it is very valuable not only as a reference material for researchers and students but also as a policy tool for decision-makers and development agencies.
The System of Rice Intensification and Conventional Rice Farming by Tejendra Chapagain Pdf
The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) involves the adoption of certain changes in management practices for rice cultivation that create a better growing environment for rice crops. The use of intermittent irrigation with alternate wet and dry intervals (AWD) and single transplanting of the younger seedlings in wider spacing areas are regarded as the key factors in SRI for better crop growth and productivity. Field experiments were conducted in Chiba, Japan during the two consecutive rice growing seasons (May-September) of 2008-09 to observe the effects of SRI components on rice crop performance, field environment, water savings, and water-wise rice production. The effects of the irrigation method, age of seedlings and spacing were evaluated in the 2008 rice season with eight treatment combinations in a split-split plot design (S-SPD). AWDI at 10 day intervals and continuous flooding throughout the cropping season were the two main plot factors while the effects of seedling age (14 and 21 days) and plant spacing (30x30 cm2 and 30x18 cm2) were evaluated as sub and sub-sub plot factors, respectively. The experimental results revealed that the SRI management with the proposed AWDI can save a significant amount of irrigation water (29%) without reduced grain yield (7.41t/h compared with 7.37t/ha from normal planting with ordinary water management). Water productivity was also observed to be significantly higher in all combinations of practices in AWDI plots: 1.74 g/liter with SRI management and AWDI as compared to 1.23 g/liter in normal planting with ordinary water management. In addition, the research outcomes showed a role of AWDI in minimizing pest and disease incidence, shortening the rice crop cycle and also improving the plant stand until harvest. Synergistic effects of younger seedlings and wider spacing were seen in tillering ability, panicle length and a number of filled grains that ultimately led to higher productivity with better grain quality. Field experiments with the complete sets of SRI practices were carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) during the 2009 rice growing season in the same field. SRI (with 8 day old seedlings) and conventional (with 22 day old seedlings) practices were the first factor (cultivation method), while organic and inorganic managements were evaluated as the second factor (management method) in the field experiments. The highest yield was observed through the conventional method with inorganic management (6.84t/h) that was on par with the organic SRI (6.59t/h) followed by organic conventional (6.48t/h). It was recorded as 5.92t/h in inorganic SRI management. Overall, the effects of SRI components were positive and significant on a per plant basis; however, they did not differ significantly in terms of grain yield per unit area. The development of healthy and vigorous roots, increased stem diameter, greater productive leaf area, longer panicles, greater number of filled grains, development of plants tolerant to insect-pest and disease, and reduced plant lodging percentage were some notable achievements with SRI management. Water savings and water-wise rice production are other important issues that are likely to draw the attention of rice researchers and farm communities to adopt SRI under scarce water conditions. However, comparatively better grain yields with conventional management methods underscore a need for further investigations in defining an appropriate combination of practices for SRI management, considering local soil properties, prevailing climate and critical watering stages in rice crop management.
Make the best use of available water for your crops! Water Use in Crop Production explores innovative methods that determine how much water certain crops need, in certain climates, in order to ensure adequate plant growth and help eliminate water waste. Through this informative book, agronomists, growers, researchers, and graduate students will find methods and techniques for effective water management that will save money and conserve water. Water Use in Crop Production will enable you enhance crop quality and quantity and save one of the earth's most important resource. Comprehensive and thorough, this essential book combines two vital needs, food and water, and examines what must be done in order to keep up with the ever-growing human population. Explaining conservation techniques used in Argentina, Australia, Israel, Morocco, New Zealand, the Philippines, Spain, and the United States, Water Use in Crop Production will help you achieve this goal as it discusses water management measures including: avoiding excessive deep percolation reducing runoff lessening water evaporation through methods such as reducing the capillary water flow to the surface of the soil determining the rates at which water is demanded and can be supplied in a specific area to create a plan for limiting water loss studying the root structure of plants to calculate how much water they need using deficit irrigation to help plants save water for future use evaluating citrus water use through the Penman-Monteith model Containing charts, tables, and examples of the concepts it discusses, this book is the culmination of the latest studies on water storage. Water Use in Crop Production provides you with reliable strategies and methods that will help you lessen water expenditures and improve the vitality of crops anywhere in the world.
Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change by Chris Stokes,Mark Howden Pdf
A fundamental resource for preparing Australia's primary industries for the challenges and opportunities of climate change for primary industry professionals, land managers, policy makers. researchers and students.
