Harms And Wrongs In Epistemic Practice

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Harms and Wrongs in Epistemic Practice

Simon Barker,Charlie Crerar,Trystan S. Goetze

Author : Simon Barker,Charlie Crerar,Trystan S. Goetze
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2019-02-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 1108712630

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Harms and Wrongs in Epistemic Practice by Simon Barker,Charlie Crerar,Trystan S. Goetze Pdf

How we engage in epistemic practice, including our methods of knowledge acquisition and transmission, the personal traits that help or hinder these activities, and the social institutions that facilitate or impede them, is of central importance to our lives as individuals and as participants in social and political activities. Traditionally, Anglophone epistemology has tended to neglect the various ways in which these practices go wrong, and the epistemic, moral, and political harms and wrongs that follow. In the past decade, however, there has been a turn towards the non-ideal in epistemology. Articles in this volume focus on topics including intellectual vices, epistemic injustices, interpersonal epistemic practices, and applied epistemology. In addition to exploring the various ways in which epistemic practices go wrong at the level of both individual agents and social structures, the papers gathered herein discuss how these problems are related, and how they may be addressed.

Participatory Research, Capabilities and Epistemic Justice

Melanie Walker,Alejandra Boni

Author : Melanie Walker,Alejandra Boni
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2020-11-27
Category : Education
ISBN : 9783030561970

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Participatory Research, Capabilities and Epistemic Justice by Melanie Walker,Alejandra Boni Pdf

This book explores the potential of participatory research and the capability approach to transform understandings of higher education. The editors and contributors illuminate the importance of epistemic in/justice as a foundation to a reflexive, inclusive and decolonial approach to knowledge, as well as its importance to democratic life and participation in higher education. Drawing together eight global case studies, the authors argue for an ecology of knowledge that expands epistemic capabilities in higher education through teaching, research and policy making. Moreover, the chapters illustrate how these epistemic capabilities can be marginalised by both institutions and structural and historical factors; as well as the potential for possibilities when spaces are opened for genuine participation and designed for a plurality of voices. This book will appeal to scholars of social justice and participatory research as well as ongoing debates around decolonising the academy.

The Philosophy of Fanaticism

Leo Townsend,Ruth Rebecca Tietjen,Hans Bernhard Schmid,Michael Staudigl

Author : Leo Townsend,Ruth Rebecca Tietjen,Hans Bernhard Schmid,Michael Staudigl
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2022-07-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000614251

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The Philosophy of Fanaticism by Leo Townsend,Ruth Rebecca Tietjen,Hans Bernhard Schmid,Michael Staudigl Pdf

The essays in this volume explore some of the disconcerting realities of fanaticism, by analyzing its unique dynamics, and considering how it can be productively confronted. The book features both analytic and continental philosophical approaches to fanaticism. Working at the intersections of epistemology, philosophy of emotions, political philosophy, and philosophy of religion, the contributors address a range of questions related to this increasingly relevant, yet widely neglected topic. What are the distinctive features of fanaticism? What are its causes, motivations, and reasons? In what ways, if at all, is fanaticism epistemically, ethically, and politically problematic? And how can fanaticism be combatted or curtailed? The Philosophy of Fanaticism will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in epistemology, philosophy of religion, philosophy of emotions, moral psychology, and political philosophy.

Overcoming Epistemic Injustice

Benjamin R. Sherman,Stacey Goguen

Author : Benjamin R. Sherman,Stacey Goguen
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019-06-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781786607072

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Overcoming Epistemic Injustice by Benjamin R. Sherman,Stacey Goguen Pdf

Prejudice influences people’s thoughts and behaviors in many ways; it can lead people to underestimate others’ credibility, to read anger or hysteria into their words, or to expect knowledge and truth to ‘sound’ a certain way—or to come from a certain type of person. These biases and mistakes can have a big effect on everything from an institutional culture to an individual’s self-understanding. These kinds of intellectual harms are known as epistemic injustice. Most people are opposed to unfair prejudices (at least in principle), and no one wants to make avoidable mistakes. But research in the social sciences reveals a disturbing truth: Even people who intend to be fair-minded and unprejudiced are influenced by unconscious biases and stereotypes. We may sincerely want to be epistemically just, but we frequently fail, and simply thinking harder about it will not fix the problem. The essays collected in this volume draw from cutting-edge social science research and detailed case studies, to suggest how we can better tackle our unconscious reactions and institutional biases, to help ameliorate epistemic injustice. The volume concludes with an afterward by Miranda Fricker, who catalyzed recent scholarship on epistemic injustice, reflecting on these new lines of research and potential future directions to explore.

The Rowman & Littlefield Handbook of Bioethics

Ezio Di Nucci,Ji-Young Lee,Isaac A. Wagner

Author : Ezio Di Nucci,Ji-Young Lee,Isaac A. Wagner
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781538162378

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The Rowman & Littlefield Handbook of Bioethics by Ezio Di Nucci,Ji-Young Lee,Isaac A. Wagner Pdf

This bioethics handbook offers concise, up-to-date, and easy to read chapters on a broad range of bioethical topics in the following categories: foundational concepts, theory and method, healthcare ethics, research ethics, public health, technology, and the environment. The volume provides a snapshot of current bioethics, taking into account current affairs and emerging new topics. Each chapter acknowledges and critically breaks down the historical developments of the subject and the most authoritative existing literature on respective topics, providing accessible and up-to-date philosophical analysis. As such, the chapters are designed to be attractive as primary or supplementary teaching material for university classes of the philosophical or bioethical variety, with clear demarcations and indicators for key terms, ideas, and arguments that should also facilitate productive note-taking and points for critical discussion for students. The handbook also serves as a one-stop starting resource for multi- and interdisciplinary researchers and practitioners who engage with bioethics in their work.

Vice Epistemology

Ian James Kidd,Heather Battaly,Quassim Cassam

Author : Ian James Kidd,Heather Battaly,Quassim Cassam
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 197 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2020-10-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351380867

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Vice Epistemology by Ian James Kidd,Heather Battaly,Quassim Cassam Pdf

Some of the most problematic human behaviors involve vices of the mind such as arrogance, closed-mindedness, dogmatism, gullibility, and intellectual cowardice, as well as wishful or conspiratorial thinking. What sorts of things are epistemic vices? How do we detect and mitigate them? How and why do these vices prevent us from acquiring knowledge, and what is their role in sustaining patterns of ignorance? What is their relation to implicit or unconscious bias? How do epistemic vices and systems of social oppression relate to one another? Do we unwittingly absorb such traits from the process of socialization and communities around us? Are epistemic vices traits for which we can blamed? Can there be institutional and collective epistemic vices? This book seeks to answer these important questions about the vices of the mind and their roles in our social and epistemic lives, and is the first collection of its kind. Organized into three parts, chapters by outstanding scholars explore the nature of epistemic vices, specific examples of these vices, and case studies in applied vice epistemology, including education and politics. Alongside these foundational questions, the volume offers sophisticated accounts of vices both new and familiar. These include epistemic arrogance and servility, epistemic injustice, epistemic snobbishness, conspiratorial thinking, procrastination, and forms of closed-mindedness. Vice Epistemology is essential reading for students of ethics, epistemology, and virtue theory, and various areas of applied, feminist, and social philosophy. It will also be of interest to practitioners, scholars, and activists in politics, law, and education.

Epistemic Injustice

Miranda Fricker

Author : Miranda Fricker
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2007-07-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191519307

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Epistemic Injustice by Miranda Fricker Pdf

In this exploration of new territory between ethics and epistemology, Miranda Fricker argues that there is a distinctively epistemic type of injustice, in which someone is wronged specifically in their capacity as a knower. Justice is one of the oldest and most central themes in philosophy, but in order to reveal the ethical dimension of our epistemic practices the focus must shift to injustice. Fricker adjusts the philosophical lens so that we see through to the negative space that is epistemic injustice. The book explores two different types of epistemic injustice, each driven by a form of prejudice, and from this exploration comes a positive account of two corrective ethical-intellectual virtues. The characterization of these phenomena casts light on many issues, such as social power, prejudice, virtue, and the genealogy of knowledge, and it proposes a virtue epistemological account of testimony. In this ground-breaking book, the entanglements of reason and social power are traced in a new way, to reveal the different forms of epistemic injustice and their place in the broad pattern of social injustice.

Pandemic Education and Viral Politics

Michael A. Peters,Tina Besley

Author : Michael A. Peters,Tina Besley
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2020-10-07
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781000282351

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Pandemic Education and Viral Politics by Michael A. Peters,Tina Besley Pdf

Viral modernity is a concept based upon the nature of viruses, the ancient and critical role they play in evolution and culture, and their basic application to understanding the role of information and forms of bioinformation in the social world. The concept draws a close association between viral biology on the one hand and information science on the other to understand ‘viral’ technologies, conspiracy theories and the nature of post-truth. The COVID-19 pandemic is a major occurrence and momentous tragedy in world history, with millions of infections and many deaths worldwide. It has disrupted society and caused massive unemployment and hardship in the global economy. Michael A. Peters and Tina Besley explore human resilience and the collective response to catastrophe, and the philosophy and literature of pandemics, including ‘love and social distancing in the time of COVID-19’. These essays, a collection from Educational Philosophy and Theory, also explore the politicization of COVID-19, the growth of conspiracy theories, its origins and the ways it became a ‘viral’ narrative in the future of world politics.

The Routledge Handbook of Political Epistemology

Michael Hannon,Jeroen de Ridder

Author : Michael Hannon,Jeroen de Ridder
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 680 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2021-04-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000371949

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The Routledge Handbook of Political Epistemology by Michael Hannon,Jeroen de Ridder Pdf

As political discourse had been saturated with the ideas of "post-truth", "fake news", "epistemic bubbles", and "truth decay", it was no surprise that in 2017 The New Scientist declared: "Philosophers of knowledge, your time has come." Political epistemology has old roots, but is now one of the most rapidly growing and important areas of philosophy. The Routledge Handbook of Political Epistemology is an outstanding reference source to this exciting field, and the first collection of its kind. Comprising 41 chapters by an international team of contributors, it is divided into seven parts: Politics and truth: historical and contemporary perspectives Political disagreement and polarization Fake news, propaganda, and misinformation Ignorance and irrationality in politics Epistemic virtues and vices in politics Democracy and epistemology Trust, expertise, and doubt. Within these sections crucial issues and debates are examined, including: post-truth, disagreement and relativism, epistemic networks, fake news, echo chambers, propaganda, ignorance, irrationality, political polarization, virtues and vices in public debate, epistocracy, expertise, misinformation, trust, and digital democracy, as well as the views of Plato, Aristotle, Mòzǐ, medieval Islamic philosophers, Mill, Arendt, and Rawls on truth and politics. The Routledge Handbook of Political Epistemology is essential reading for those studying political philosophy, applied and social epistemology, and politics. It is also a valuable resource for those in related disciplines such as international relations, law, political psychology, political science, communication studies, and journalism.

Epistemic Duties

Kevin McCain,Scott Stapleford

Author : Kevin McCain,Scott Stapleford
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780429638626

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Epistemic Duties by Kevin McCain,Scott Stapleford Pdf

There are arguably moral, legal, and prudential constraints on behavior. But are there epistemic constraints on belief? Are there any requirements arising from intellectual considerations alone? This volume includes original essays written by top epistemologists that address this and closely related questions from a variety of new, sometimes unexpected, angles. It features a wide variety of positions, ranging from arguments for and against the existence of purely epistemic requirements, reductions of epistemic requirements to moral or prudential requirements, the biological foundations of epistemic requirements, extensions of the scope of epistemic requirements to include such things as open-mindedness, eradication of implicit bias and interpersonal duties to object, to new applications such as epistemic requirements pertaining to storytelling, testimony, and fundamentalist beliefs. Anyone interested in the nature of responsibility, belief, or epistemic normativity will find a range of useful arguments and fresh ideas in this cutting-edge anthology. Chapter 14 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Epistemic Paternalism

Guy Axtell,Amiel Bernal

Author : Guy Axtell,Amiel Bernal
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781786615749

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Epistemic Paternalism by Guy Axtell,Amiel Bernal Pdf

This volume considers forms of information manipulation and restriction in contemporary society. It explores whether and when manipulation of the conditions of inquiry without the consent of those manipulated is morally or epistemically justified. The contributors provide a wealth of examples of manipulation, and debate whether epistemic paternalism is distinct from other forms of paternalism debated in political theory. Special attention is given to medical practice, for science communication, and for research in science, technology, and society. Some of the contributors argue that unconsenting interference with people’s ability of inquire is consistent with, and others that it is inconsistent with, efforts to democratize knowledge and decision-making. These differences invite theoretical reflection regarding which goods are fundamental, whether there is a clear or only a moving boundary between informing and instructing, and whether manipulation of people’s epistemic conditions amounts to a type of intellectual injustice. The collection pays special attention to contemporary paternalistic practices in big data and scientific research, as the way in which the flow of information or knowledge might be curtailed by the manipulations of a small body of experts or algorithms.

Conspiracy Theories and the Failure of Intellectual Critique

Kurtis Hagen

Author : Kurtis Hagen
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2022-07-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780472133109

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Conspiracy Theories and the Failure of Intellectual Critique by Kurtis Hagen Pdf

Conspiracy Theories and the Failure of Intellectual Critique argues that conspiracy theories, including those that conflict with official accounts and suggest that prominent people in Western democracies have engaged in appalling behavior, should be taken seriously and judged on their merits and problems on a case-by-case basis. It builds on the philosophical work on this topic that has developed over the past quarter century, challenging some of it, but affirming the emerging consensus: each conspiracy theory ought to be judged on its particular merits and faults. The philosophical consensus contrasts starkly with what one finds in the social science literature. Kurtis Hagen argues that significant aspects of that literature, especially the psychological study of conspiracy theorists, has turned out to be flawed and misleading. Those flaws are not randomly directed; rather, they consistently serve to disparage conspiracy theorists unfairly. This suggests that there may be a bias against conspiracy theorists in the academy, skewing “scientific” results. Conspiracy Theories and the Failure of Intellectual Critique argues that social scientists who study conspiracy theories and/or conspiracy theorists would do well to better absorb the implications of the philosophical literature.

Philosophy, Expertise, and the Myth of Neutrality

Mirko Farina,Andrea Lavazza

Author : Mirko Farina,Andrea Lavazza
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2024-03-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781040003251

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Philosophy, Expertise, and the Myth of Neutrality by Mirko Farina,Andrea Lavazza Pdf

This volume offers a new framework for understanding expertise. It proposes a reconceptualization of the traditional notion of expertise and calls for the development of a new contextual and action-oriented notion of expertise, which is attentive to axiological values, intellectual virtues, and moral qualities. Experts are usually called upon, especially during times of emergency, either as decision-makers or as advisors in formulating policies that often have a significant impact on society. And yet, for certain types of choices, there is a growing tension between experts’ recommendations and alternative views. The chapters in this volume critically assess the idea of whether possessing epistemic authority can automatically make someone’s assertions necessarily more grounded than others. They not only evaluate the epistemological implications of this idea but also reflect on its ethical, socio-cultural, and political consequences. The interdisciplinary framework advanced across the chapters seeks to overcome certain limitations that underlie current models of expertise by adopting more inclusive and representative decisions that can improve the perceived neutrality of experts’ decisions. Increasing neutrality means reducing cases in which an unidentified bias – be it a scientific one or not – puts any of the individuals involved in a specific public choice at a systematic disadvantage. Philosophy, Expertise, and the Myth of Neutrality will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in epistemology, philosophy of science, philosophy of the social sciences, public policy, and sociology.

The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Disability

Adam Cureton,David Wasserman

Author : Adam Cureton,David Wasserman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 944 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2020-05-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190622886

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The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Disability by Adam Cureton,David Wasserman Pdf

Disability raises profound and fundamental issues: questions about human embodiment and well-being; dignity, respect, justice and equality; personal and social identity. It raises pressing questions for educational, health, reproductive, and technology policy, and confronts the scope and direction of the human and civil rights movements. Yet it is only recently that disability has become the subject of the sustained and rigorous philosophical inquiry that it deserves. The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Disability is the first comprehensive volume on the subject. The volume's contents range from debates over the definition of disability to the challenges posed by disability for justice and dignity; from the relevance of disability for respect, other interpersonal attitudes, and intimate relationships to its significance for health policy, biotechnology, and human enhancement; from the ways that disability scholarship can enrich moral and political philosophy, to the importance of physical and intellectual disabilities for the philosophy of mind and action. The contributions reflect the variety of areas of expertise, intellectual orientations, and personal backgrounds of their authors. Some are founding philosophers of disability; others are promising new scholars; still others are leading philosophers from other areas writing on disability for the first time. Many have disabilities themselves. This volume boldly explores neglected issues, offers fresh perspectives on familiar ones, and ultimately expands philosophy's boundaries. More than merely presenting an overview of existing work, this Handbook will chart the growth and direction of a vital and burgeoning field for years to come.

Institutional Transformations

Danielle Celermajer,Millicent Churcher,Moira Gatens

Author : Danielle Celermajer,Millicent Churcher,Moira Gatens
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2021-05-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000194067

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Institutional Transformations by Danielle Celermajer,Millicent Churcher,Moira Gatens Pdf

Formal and informal institutions structure our social interactions by giving rise to normative expectations and patterns of collective behaviour. This collection grapples with how affect, imagination, and embodiment can operate to either constrain or enable the justice of institutions and the experiences of specific social identities. This anthology explores the myriad ways institutions work to systematically disadvantage people with particular identities whilst privileging others, and considers the legal, political, and normative interventions that might serve to promote a more just society. Taken together, the chapters represent the scope of existing research within institutional theory, affect theory, race theory, and theories of social imaginaries. Across a range of topics (human rights, racial and sexual violence, transitional justice and democratic movements) this collection critically assesses the extent to which theorists have attended to the conjoined influence of the imagination, embodiment, and affective phenomena on processes of institutional change that aim to achieve social justice. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal, Angelaki.

Harms And Wrongs In Epistemic Practice

Harms and Wrongs in Epistemic Practice by Simon Barker,Charlie Crerar,Trystan S. Goetze Pdf

Participatory Research, Capabilities and Epistemic Justice by Melanie Walker,Alejandra Boni Pdf

The Philosophy of Fanaticism by Leo Townsend,Ruth Rebecca Tietjen,Hans Bernhard Schmid,Michael Staudigl Pdf

Overcoming Epistemic Injustice by Benjamin R. Sherman,Stacey Goguen Pdf

The Rowman & Littlefield Handbook of Bioethics by Ezio Di Nucci,Ji-Young Lee,Isaac A. Wagner Pdf

Vice Epistemology by Ian James Kidd,Heather Battaly,Quassim Cassam Pdf

Epistemic Injustice by Miranda Fricker Pdf

Pandemic Education and Viral Politics by Michael A. Peters,Tina Besley Pdf

The Routledge Handbook of Political Epistemology by Michael Hannon,Jeroen de Ridder Pdf

Epistemic Duties by Kevin McCain,Scott Stapleford Pdf

Epistemic Paternalism by Guy Axtell,Amiel Bernal Pdf

Conspiracy Theories and the Failure of Intellectual Critique by Kurtis Hagen Pdf

Philosophy, Expertise, and the Myth of Neutrality by Mirko Farina,Andrea Lavazza Pdf

The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Disability by Adam Cureton,David Wasserman Pdf

Institutional Transformations by Danielle Celermajer,Millicent Churcher,Moira Gatens Pdf

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