Holy Legionary Youth

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Holy Legionary Youth

Roland Clark
Holy Legionary Youth Book PDF

Author : Roland Clark
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2015-06-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9780801456343

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Holy Legionary Youth by Roland Clark Pdf

Founded in 1927, Romania’s Legion of the Archangel Michael was one of Europe’s largest and longest-lived fascist social movements. In Holy Legionary Youth, Roland Clark draws on oral histories, memoirs, and substantial research in the archives of the Romanian secret police to provide the most comprehensive account of the Legion in English to date. Clark approaches Romanian fascism by asking what membership in the Legion meant to young Romanian men and women. Viewing fascism "from below," as a social category that had practical consequences for those who embraced it, he shows how the personal significance of fascism emerged out of Legionaries’ interactions with each other, the state, other political parties, families and friends, and fascist groups abroad. Official repression, fascist spectacle, and the frequency and nature of legionary activities changed a person’s everyday activities and relationships in profound ways. Clark’s sweeping history traces fascist organizing in interwar Romania to nineteenth-century grassroots nationalist movements that demanded political independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It also shows how closely the movement was associated with the Romanian Orthodox Church and how the uniforms, marches, and rituals were inspired by the muscular, martial aesthetic of fascism elsewhere in Europe. Although antisemitism was a key feature of official fascist ideology, state violence against Legionaries rather than the extensive fascist violence against Jews had a far greater impact on how Romanians viewed the movement and their role in it. Approaching fascism in interwar Romania as an everyday practice, Holy Legionary Youth offers a new perspective on European fascism, highlighting how ordinary people "performed" fascism by working together to promote a unique and totalizing social identity.

Hungarian Religion, Romanian Blood

R. Chris Davis
Hungarian Religion Romanian Blood Book PDF

Author : R. Chris Davis
Publisher : University of Wisconsin Press
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2019-01-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9780299316402

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Hungarian Religion, Romanian Blood by R. Chris Davis Pdf

Amid the rising nationalism and racial politics that culminated in World War II, European countries wishing to "purify" their nations often forced unwanted populations to migrate. The targeted minorities had few options, but as R. Chris Davis shows, they sometimes used creative tactics to fight back, redefining their identities to serve their own interests. Davis's highly illuminating example is the case of the little-known Moldavian Csangos, a Hungarian- and Romanian-speaking community of Roman Catholics in eastern Romania. During World War II, some in the Romanian government wanted to expel them. The Hungarian government saw them as Hungarians and wanted to settle them on lands confiscated from other groups. Resisting deportation, the clergy of the Csangos enlisted Romania's leading racial anthropologist, collected blood samples, and rewrote a millennium of history to claim Romanian origins and national belonging—thus escaping the discrimination and violence that devastated so many of Europe's Jews, Roma, Slavs, and other minorities. In telling their story, Davis offers fresh insight to debates about ethnic allegiances, the roles of science and religion in shaping identity, and minority politics past and present.

Romania's Holy War

Grant T. Harward
Romania s Holy War Book PDF

Author : Grant T. Harward
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2021-11-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781501759970

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Romania's Holy War by Grant T. Harward Pdf

Romania's Holy War rights the widespread myth that Romania was a reluctant member of the Axis during World War II. In correcting this fallacy, Grant T. Harward shows that, of an estimated 300,000 Jews who perished in Romania and Romanian-occupied Ukraine, more than 64,000 were, in fact, killed by Romanian soldiers. Moreover, the Romanian Army conducted a brutal campaign in German-occupied Ukraine, resulting in the deaths of thousands of Soviet prisoners of war, partisans, and civilians. Investigating why Romanian soldiers fought and committed such atrocities, Harward argues that strong ideology—a cocktail of nationalism, religion, antisemitism, and anticommunism—undergirded their motivation. Romania's Holy War draws on official military records, wartime periodicals, soldiers' diaries and memoirs, subsequent war crimes investigations, and recent interviews with veterans to tell the full story. Harward integrates the Holocaust into the narrative of military operations to show that most soldiers fully supported the wartime dictator, General Ion Antonescu, and his regime's holy war against "Judeo-Bolshevism." The army perpetrated mass reprisals, targeting Jews in liberated Romanian territory; supported the deportation and concentration of Jews in camps or ghettos in Romanian-occupied Soviet territory; and played a key supporting role in SS efforts to exterminate Jews in German-occupied Soviet territory. Harward proves that Romania became Nazi Germany's most important ally in the war against the USSR because its soldiers were highly motivated, thus overturning much of what we thought we knew about this theater of war. Romania's Holy War provides the first complete history of why Romanian soldiers fought on the Eastern Front.

A Satellite Empire

Vladimir Solonari
A Satellite Empire Book PDF

Author : Vladimir Solonari
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2019-12-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781501743191

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A Satellite Empire by Vladimir Solonari Pdf

Satellite Empire is an in-depth investigation of the political and social history of the area in southwestern Ukraine under Romanian occupation during World War II. Transnistria was the only occupied Soviet territory administered by a power other than Nazi Germany, a reward for Romanian participation in Operation Barbarossa. Vladimir Solonari's invaluable contribution to World War II history focuses on three main aspects of Romanian rule of Transnistria: with fascinating insights from recently opened archives, Solonari examines the conquest and delimitation of the region, the Romanian administration of the new territory, and how locals responded to the occupation. What did Romania want from the conquest? The first section of the book analyzes Romanian policy aims and its participation in the invasion of the USSR. Solonari then traces how Romanian administrators attempted, in contradictory and inconsistent ways, to make Transnistria "Romanian" and "civilized" while simultaneously using it as a dumping ground for 150,000 Jews and 20,000 Roma deported from a racially cleansed Romania. The author shows that the imperatives of total war eventually prioritized economic exploitation of the region over any other aims the Romanians may have had. In the final section, he uncovers local responses in terms of collaboration and resistance, in particular exploring relationships with the local Christian population, which initially welcomed the occupiers as liberators from Soviet oppression but eventually became hostile to them. Ever increasing hostility towards the occupying regime buoyed the numbers and efficacy of pro-Soviet resistance groups.

A History of Fascism, 1914–1945

Stanley G. Payne
A History of Fascism 1914 1945 Book PDF

Author : Stanley G. Payne
Publisher : Univ of Wisconsin Press
Page : 636 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1996-07-15
Category : History
ISBN : 0299148742

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A History of Fascism, 1914–1945 by Stanley G. Payne Pdf

“A History of Fascism is an invaluable sourcebook, offering a rare combination of detailed information and thoughtful analysis. It is a masterpiece of comparative history, for the comparisons enhance our understanding of each part of the whole. The term ‘fascist,’ used so freely these days as a pejorative epithet that has nearly lost its meaning, is precisely defined, carefully applied and skillfully explained. The analysis effectively restores the dimension of evil.”—Susan Zuccotti, The Nation “A magisterial, wholly accessible, engaging study. . . . Payne defines fascism as a form of ultranationalism espousing a myth of national rebirth and marked by extreme elitism, mobilization of the masses, exaltation of hierarchy and subordination, oppression of women and an embrace of violence and war as virtues.”—Publishers Weekly

Capitalism in Chaos

Máté Rigó
Capitalism in Chaos Book PDF

Author : Máté Rigó
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Industrialists
ISBN : 1501764659

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Capitalism in Chaos by Máté Rigó Pdf

"This book is about the survival of industrial families in Western and East-Central Europe despite the First World War and collapse of the Austro-Hungarian and German empires. More specifically, the book draws on case studies of industrialists in Alsace-Lorraine and Transylvania that speak to French, German, Austro-Hungarian and Romanian history more generally between 1867 and 1928"--

A New Nobility of Blood and Soil

Richard Walther Darre
A New Nobility of Blood and Soil Book PDF

Author : Richard Walther Darre
Publisher : Antelope Hill Originals
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2020-09-24
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1953730493

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A New Nobility of Blood and Soil by Richard Walther Darre Pdf

Fearsome and provocative, the slogan "Blood and Soil" speaks to the interplay between the land and the people on it-the power of a land to shape a people and the power of a people to shape a land. Richard Walther Darré, an Obergruppenführer in the SS, was the leading "Blood and Soil" ideologist of Germany and served his people as Reich Minister of Food and Agriculture. This book, A New Nobility of Blood and Soil, was massively popular in the Third Reich and led to a strengthening of the agrarian and agriculturalist movements. Highly influential on Hitler, the principles in this book are foundational to the National Socialist worldview. This worldview held that Germany's natural elite, its nobility of blood and soil, was the nation's last hope against both the rapacious elite of capitalist wealth and the degenerate elite of ancient privilege. The hardworking and industrious peasant, who has no other country to call home, no riches with which to escape his duties, no international connections with which to deracinate himself, is the truly national man. His country is everything to him, and he is everything to his country, for it is on his back and by his sweat that his country is built. Thus, only from such a class of people can a new nobility arise that can combat the depravations of the modern world, with its polluted rivers, childless marriages, and the asphalt culture of city life. With no English language edition available, this essential text has been unknown to modern dissidents for far too long. Antelope Hill Publishing is proud to present, for the first time in English, A New Nobility of Blood and Soil. Laboriously translated by Augusto Salan and Julius Sylvester, this book is important to the preservation and contextualization of history.

From Peoples into Nations

John Connelly
From Peoples into Nations Book PDF

Author : John Connelly
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 968 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2020-01-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9780691189185

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From Peoples into Nations by John Connelly Pdf

A sweeping narrative history of Eastern Europe from the late eighteenth century to today In the 1780s, the Habsburg monarch Joseph II decreed that henceforth German would be the language of his realm. His intention was to forge a unified state from his vast and disparate possessions, but his action had the opposite effect, catalyzing the emergence of competing nationalisms among his Hungarian, Czech, and other subjects, who feared that their languages and cultures would be lost. In this sweeping narrative history of Eastern Europe since the late eighteenth century, John Connelly connects the stories of the region's diverse peoples, telling how, at a profound level, they have a shared understanding of the past. An ancient history of invasion and migration made the region into a cultural landscape of extraordinary variety, a patchwork in which Slovaks, Bosnians, and countless others live shoulder to shoulder and where calls for national autonomy often have had bloody effects among the interwoven ethnicities. Connelly traces the rise of nationalism in Polish, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman lands; the creation of new states after the First World War and their later absorption by the Nazi Reich and the Soviet Bloc; the reemergence of democracy and separatist movements after the collapse of communism; and the recent surge of populist politics throughout the region. Because of this common experience of upheaval, East Europeans are people with an acute feeling for the precariousness of history: they know that nations are not eternal, but come and go; sometimes they disappear. From Peoples into Nations tells their story.

For My Legionaries

Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
For My Legionaries Book PDF

Author : Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2019-08-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1913176606

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For My Legionaries by Corneliu Zelea Codreanu Pdf

For My Legionaries is the passionate autobiography of Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, a Romanian patriot from the early 20th Century who founded the Legion of Michael the Archangel, also known as The Iron Guard. This unprecedented movement saw itself as a crusade in the modern world, battling against liberalism, political corruption, Communism, and the threat of foreign cultural domination from Jewish organizations. Combining Christian spirituality, ethnic nationalism, supra-personal devotion to one's people and king, and a warrior ethos, which culminated in confrontations with the police and army, assassinations, public trials, and murder. This new edition of For My Legionaries is distinguishable from previous editions by the inclusion of 100 pages of new text, footnotes, appendices and photographs which are a crucial aid to understanding the book and its context. With an introduction by Kerry Bolton, and a historical overview of the entire history of the Legionary Movement from its beginnings to the present time by Lucian Tudor, this edition of For My Legionaries is the most comprehensive edition published to date.

The Holocaust in the Romanian Borderlands

Mihai I Poliec
The Holocaust in the Romanian Borderlands Book PDF

Author : Mihai I Poliec
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2019-06-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9780429561269

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The Holocaust in the Romanian Borderlands by Mihai I Poliec Pdf

This volume examines the changing role which ordinary members of society played in the state-sponsored persecution of the Jews in Bukovina and Bessarabia, both during the summer of 1941, when Romania joined the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, and beyond. It establishes different patterns of civilian complicity and discusses the significance of the phenomenon in the context of the exterminatory campaign pursued by the Romanian military authorities against the Jews living in the borderlands.

Journey to Joy

LC Daniel Brandenburg
Journey to Joy Book PDF

Author : LC Daniel Brandenburg
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2019-08-22
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1686627637

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Journey to Joy by LC Daniel Brandenburg Pdf

How can joy and sorrow go together? After all, you usually don't find grieving widows laughing, nor newlyweds weeping. Joy and sorrow are so far removed from each other on the spectrum of human emotion that it seems illogical to stick them together. Yet there is a deep mystery here to unlock... Your life has sorrows. You are meant for joy. Facing the reality of sorrow, we can either live in denial of the pain or dig deeper for meaning... and joy. In contemplating the seven sorrows of the Mother of Jesus, we can discover what so many Christians over the centuries have found: in Mary's sorrows we find a model of faith and how to discover happiness in the midst of suffering. A way to transform sadness into gladness? That is revolutionary! Discovering Mary's method for converting sorrow to joy may just be the single most important step in your spiritual life. Launch into these pages and begin your journey to joy: to the meaning, peace, and happiness for which you thirst.

German Army Uniforms of World War II

Stephen Bull
German Army Uniforms of World War II Book PDF

Author : Stephen Bull
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2021-02-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472838056

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German Army Uniforms of World War II by Stephen Bull Pdf

In the years after World War I, the defeated and much-reduced German Army developed new clothing and personal equipment that drew upon the lessons learned in the trenches. In place of the wide variety of uniforms and insignia that had been worn by the Imperial German Army, a standardized approach was followed, culminating in the uniform items introduced in the 1930s as the Nazi Party came to shape every aspect of German national life. The outbreak of war in 1939 prompted further adaptations and simplifications of uniforms and insignia, while the increasing use of camouflaged items and the accelerated pace of weapons development led to the appearance of new clothing and personal equipment. Medals and awards increased in number as the war went on, with grades being added for existing awards and new decorations introduced to reflect battlefield feats. Specialists such as mountain troops, tank crews and combat engineers were issued distinctive uniform items and kit, while the ever-expanding variety of fronts on which the German Army fought – from the North African desert to the Russian steppe – prompted the rapid development of clothing and equipment for different climates and conditions. In addition, severe shortages of raw materials and the demands of clothing and equipping an army that numbered in the millions forced the simplification of many items and the increasing use of substitute materials in their manufacture. In this fully illustrated book noted authority Dr Stephen Bull examines the German Army's wide range of uniforms, personal equipment, weapons, medals and awards, and offers a comprehensive guide to the transformation that the German Army soldier underwent in the period from September 1939 to May 1945.

Hitler's Forgotten Ally

D. Deletant
Hitler s Forgotten Ally Book PDF

Author : D. Deletant
Publisher : Springer
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2006-04-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9780230502093

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Hitler's Forgotten Ally by D. Deletant Pdf

This book is the first complete study in English of Antonescu's part in the Second World War. Antonescu was a major ally of Hitler and Romania fielded the third largest Axis army, joined the Tripartite Pact in November 1940 as a sovereign state and participated in the attack on the Soviet Union of 22 June 1941 as an equal partner of Germany.

The Crimean Tatars

Brian Glyn Williams
The Crimean Tatars Book PDF

Author : Brian Glyn Williams
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : History
ISBN : 9780190494704

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The Crimean Tatars by Brian Glyn Williams Pdf

The pearl in the tsar's crown -- Dispossession: the loss of the Crimean homeland -- Dar al Harb: the nineteenth-century Crimean Tatar migrations to the Ottoman Empire -- Vatan: the construction of the Crimean fatherland -- Soviet homeland: the nationalization of the Crimean Tatar identity in the USSR -- Surgun: the Crimean Tatar exile in Central Asia -- Return: the Crimean Tatar migrations from Central Asia to the Crimean Peninsula

In Defense of Christian Hungary

Paul A. Hanebrink
In Defense of Christian Hungary Book PDF

Author : Paul A. Hanebrink
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Antisemitism
ISBN : 0801444853

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In Defense of Christian Hungary by Paul A. Hanebrink Pdf

In this important historical account of the role that religion played in defining the political life of a modern national society, Paul A. Hanebrink shows how Hungarian nationalists redefined Hungary--a liberal society in the nineteenth century--as a narrowly "Christian" nation in the aftermath of World War I. Drawing on impressive archival research, Hanebrink uncovers how political and religious leaders demanded that "Christian values" influence public life while insisting that religion should never be reduced to the status of a simple nationalist symbol. In Defense of Christian Hungary also explores the emergence of the idea that a destructive "Jewish spirit" was the national enemy. In combining the historical study of antisemitism with more recent considerations of religion and nationalism, Hanebrink addresses an important question in Central European historiography: how nations that had been inclusive of Jews before World War I became rabidly antisemitic during the interwar period. As he traces the crucial and complex legacy of religion's role in shaping exclusionary antisemitic politics in Hungary, Hanebrink follows the process from its origins in the 1890s to the Holocaust and beyond. More broadly, In Defense of Christian Hungary squarely addresses the relationship between antisemitic words and antisemitic violence and between religion and racial politics, deeply contested issues in the history of twentieth-century Europe. The Hungarian example is a chilling demonstration of how religious nationalism can find a home even within a pluralist and tolerant civil society.