How Scientific Practices Matter

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How Scientific Practices Matter

Joseph Rouse
How Scientific Practices Matter Book PDF

Author : Joseph Rouse
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0226730085

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How Scientific Practices Matter by Joseph Rouse Pdf

How can we understand the world as a whole instead of separate natural and human realms? Joseph T. Rouse proposes an approach to this classic problem based on radical new conceptions of both philosophical naturalism and scientific practice. Rouse begins with a detailed critique of modern thought on naturalism, from Neurath and Heidegger to Charles Taylor, Thomas Kuhn, and W. V. O. Quine. He identifies two constraints central to a philosophically robust naturalism: it must impose no arbitrarily philosophical restrictions on science, and it must shun even the most subtle appeals to mysterious or supernatural forces. Thus a naturalistic approach requires philosophers to show that their preferred conception of nature is what scientific inquiry discloses, and that their conception of scientific understanding is itself intelligible as part of the natural world. Finally, Rouse draws on feminist science studies and other recent work on causality and discourse to demonstrate the crucial role that closer attention to scientific practice can play in reclaiming naturalism. A bold and ambitious book, How Scientific Practices Matter seeks to provide a viable—yet nontraditional—defense of a naturalistic conception of philosophy and science. Its daring proposals will spark much discussion and debate among philosophers, historians, and sociologists of science.

Articulating the World

Joseph Rouse
Articulating the World Book PDF

Author : Joseph Rouse
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 430 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2015-11-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780226293844

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Articulating the World by Joseph Rouse Pdf

"Naturalism both disavows any appeal to the supernatural or anything else transcendent to nature, and repudiates any philosophical or religious authority over the workings and conclusions of the sciences. Paradoxically, however, scientific knowledge itself appears to transcend nature, seemingly making it impossible to conceptualize within scientific naturalism. In Articulating the World, Joseph Rouse takes up this challenge, drawing on recent developments in evolutionary biology and the philosophy of science to defend naturalism by revising both how we understand our scientific conception of the world and how we situate ourselves within it"--

Social Practices as Biological Niche Construction

Joseph Rouse
Social Practices as Biological Niche Construction Book PDF

Author : Joseph Rouse
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2023-08-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780226827971

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Social Practices as Biological Niche Construction by Joseph Rouse Pdf

A broad, synthetic philosophy of nature focused on human sociality. In this book, Joseph Rouse takes his innovative work to the next level by articulating an integrated philosophy of society as part of nature. He shows how and why we ought to unite our biological conception of human beings as animals with our sociocultural and psychological conceptions of human beings as persons and acculturated agents. Rouse’s philosophy engages with biological understandings of human bodies and their environments as well as the diverse practices and institutions through which people live and engage with one another. Familiar conceptual separations of natural, social, and mental “worlds” did not arise by happenstance, he argues, but often for principled reasons that have left those divisions deeply entrenched in contemporary intellectual life. Those reasons are eroding in light of new developments across the disciplines, but that erosion has not been sufficient to produce more adequately integrated conceptual alternatives until now. Social Practices and Biological Niche Construction shows how the characteristic plasticity, plurality, and critical contestation of human ways of life can best be understood as evolved and evolving relations among human organisms and their distinctive biological environments. It also highlights the constitutive interdependence of those ways of life with many other organisms, from microbial populations to certain plants and animals, and explores the consequences of this in-depth, noting, for instance, how the integration of the natural and social also provides new insights on central issues in social theory, such as the body, language, normativity, and power.

Philosophy of Science in Practice

Hsiang-Ke Chao,Julian Reiss
Philosophy of Science in Practice Book PDF

Author : Hsiang-Ke Chao,Julian Reiss
Publisher : Springer
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2016-12-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319455327

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Philosophy of Science in Practice by Hsiang-Ke Chao,Julian Reiss Pdf

This volume reflects the ‘philosophy of science in practice’ approach and takes a fresh look at traditional philosophical problems in the context of natural, social, and health research. Inspired by the work of Nancy Cartwright that shows how the practices and apparatuses of science help us to understand science and to build theories in the philosophy of science, this volume critically examines the philosophical concepts of evidence, laws, causation, and models and their roles in the process of scientific reasoning. Each chapter is an important one in the philosophy of science, while the volume as a whole deals with these philosophical concepts in a unified way in the context of actual scientific practice. This volume thus aims to contribute to this new direction in the philosophy of science.​

Environmental Practice and Early American Literature

Michael Ziser
Environmental Practice and Early American Literature Book PDF

Author : Michael Ziser
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2013-07-29
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9781107244474

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Environmental Practice and Early American Literature by Michael Ziser Pdf

This original and provocative study tells the story of American literary history from the perspective of its environmental context. Weaving together close readings of early American texts with ecological histories of tobacco, potatoes, apples and honey bees, Michael Ziser presents a method for literary criticism that explodes the conceptual distinction between the civilized and natural world. Beginning with the English exploration of Virginia in the sixteenth century, Ziser argues that the settlement of the 'New World' - and the cultivation and exploitation of its bounty - dramatically altered how writers used language to describe the phenomena they encountered on the frontier. Examining the work of Harriot, Grainger, Cooper, Thoreau and others, Ziser reveals how these authors, whether consciously or not, transcribed the vibrant ecology of North America, and the ways that the environment helped codify a uniquely American literary aesthetic of lasting importance.

A Social Epistemology of Research Groups

Susann Wagenknecht
A Social Epistemology of Research Groups Book PDF

Author : Susann Wagenknecht
Publisher : Springer
Page : 187 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2016-12-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781137524102

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A Social Epistemology of Research Groups by Susann Wagenknecht Pdf

This book investigates how collaborative scientific practice yields scientific knowledge. At a time when most of today’s scientific knowledge is created in research groups, the author reconsiders the social character of science to address the question of whether collaboratively created knowledge should be considered as collective achievement, and if so, in which sense. Combining philosophical analysis with qualitative empirical inquiry, this book provides a comparative case study of mono- and interdisciplinary research groups, offering insight into the day-to-day practice of scientists. The book includes field observations and interviews with scientists to present an empirically-grounded perspective on much-debated questions concerning research groups’ division of labor, relations of epistemic dependence and trust.

Methods That Matter

M. Cameron Hay
Methods That Matter Book PDF

Author : M. Cameron Hay
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2016-05-05
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780226328669

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Methods That Matter by M. Cameron Hay Pdf

To do research that really makes a difference -- the authors of this book argue -- social scientists need a diverse set of questions and methods, both qualitative and quantitative, in order to reflect the complexity of the world. Bringing together a consortium of voices across a variety of fields, Methods That Matter offers compelling and successful examples of mixed methods research that does just that. Discussing their own endeavors to combine quantitative and qualitative methodologies, the authors invite readers into a conversation about the best designs and practices of mixed methods to stimulate creative ideas and find new pathways of insight. The result is an engaging exploration of a promising approach to the social sciences. --

Material Feminisms

Stacy Alaimo,Susan Hekman
Material Feminisms Book PDF

Author : Stacy Alaimo,Susan Hekman
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2008-01-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780253013606

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Material Feminisms by Stacy Alaimo,Susan Hekman Pdf

Harnessing the energy of provocative theories generated by recent understandings of the human body, the natural world, and the material world, Material Feminisms presents an entirely new way for feminists to conceive of the question of materiality. In lively and timely essays, an international group of feminist thinkers challenges the assumptions and norms that have previously defined studies about the body. These wide-ranging essays grapple with topics such as the material reality of race, the significance of sexual difference, the impact of disability experience, and the complex interaction between nature and culture in traumatic events such as Hurricane Katrina. By insisting on the importance of materiality, this volume breaks new ground in philosophy, feminist theory, cultural studies, science studies, and other fields where the body and nature collide.

Open

Rajiv S. Jhangiani,Robert Biswas-Diener
Open Book PDF

Author : Rajiv S. Jhangiani,Robert Biswas-Diener
Publisher : Ubiquity Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2017-03-27
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781911529019

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Open by Rajiv S. Jhangiani,Robert Biswas-Diener Pdf

Affordable education. Transparent science. Accessible scholarship. These ideals are slowly becoming a reality thanks to the open education, open science, and open access movements. Running separate—if parallel—courses, they all share a philosophy of equity, progress, and justice. This book shares the stories, motives, insights, and practical tips from global leaders in the open movement.

Method Matters in Psychology

Brian D. Haig
Method Matters in Psychology Book PDF

Author : Brian D. Haig
Publisher : Springer
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2018-09-25
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783030010515

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Method Matters in Psychology by Brian D. Haig Pdf

This book applies a range of ideas about scientific discovery found in contemporary philosophy of science to psychology and related behavioral sciences. In doing so, it aims to advance our understanding of a host of important methodological ideas as they apply to those sciences. A philosophy of local scientific realism is adopted in favor of traditional accounts that are thought to apply to all sciences. As part of this philosophy, the implications of a commitment to philosophical naturalism are spelt out, and a correspondence theory of truth is defended by showing how it helps explain various features of scientific practice. The central chapter of the book presents a broad theory of scientific method that comprises the detection of empirical phenomena and their subsequent understanding by constructing explanatory theories through the use of abductive methods. This theory of scientific method is then used as a framework to reconstruct the well-known qualitative method of grounded theory, and to present a systematic perspective on clinical reasoning and case formulation. Relatedly, an abductive or explanationist understanding of methods is employed to evaluate the knowledge credentials of evolutionary psychology. In addition, the conceptual and methodological foundations of a variety of quantitative methods are examined. Exploratory factor analysis and tests of statistical significance are given special attention.

Experimental Practice

Dimitris Papadopoulos
Experimental Practice Book PDF

Author : Dimitris Papadopoulos
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2018-08-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781478002321

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Experimental Practice by Dimitris Papadopoulos Pdf

In Experimental Practice Dimitris Papadopoulos explores the potential for building new forms of political and social movements through the reconfiguration of the material conditions of existence. Rather than targeting existing institutions in demands for social justice, Papadopoulos calls for the creation of alternative ontologies of everyday life that would transform the meanings of politics and justice. Inextricably linked to technoscience, these “alterontologies”—which Papadopoulos examines in a variety of contexts, from AIDS activism and the financialization of life to hacker communities and neuroscience—form the basis of ways of life that would embrace the more-than-social interdependence of the human and nonhuman worlds. Speaking to a matrix of concerns about politics and justice, social movements, matter and ontology, everyday practice, technoscience, the production of knowledge, and the human and nonhuman, Papadopoulos suggests that the development of alterontologies would create more efficacious political and social organizing.

Reconceptualizing the Nature of Science for Science Education

Sibel Erduran,Zoubeida R. Dagher
Reconceptualizing the Nature of Science for Science Education Book PDF

Author : Sibel Erduran,Zoubeida R. Dagher
Publisher : Springer
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2014-08-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401790574

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Reconceptualizing the Nature of Science for Science Education by Sibel Erduran,Zoubeida R. Dagher Pdf

Prompted by the ongoing debate among science educators over ‘nature of science’, and its importance in school and university curricula, this book is a clarion call for a broad re-conceptualizing of nature of science in science education. The authors draw on the ‘family resemblance’ approach popularized by Wittgenstein, defining science as a cognitive-epistemic and social-institutional system whose heterogeneous characteristics and influences should be more thoroughly reflected in science education. They seek wherever possible to clarify their developing thesis with visual tools that illustrate how their ideas can be practically applied in science education. The volume’s holistic representation of science, which includes the aims and values, knowledge, practices, techniques, and methodological rules (as well as science’s social and institutional contexts), mirrors its core aim to synthesize perspectives from the fields of philosophy of science and science education. The authors believe that this more integrated conception of nature of science in science education is both innovative and beneficial. They discuss in detail the implications for curriculum content, pedagogy, and learning outcomes, deploy numerous real-life examples, and detail the links between their ideas and curriculum policy more generally.

Theory and Practice in Aristotle's Natural Science

David Ebrey
Theory and Practice in Aristotle s Natural Science Book PDF

Author : David Ebrey
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2015-06-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107055131

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Theory and Practice in Aristotle's Natural Science by David Ebrey Pdf

This collection of groundbreaking new essays show how Aristotle's natural science illuminates fundamental topics in his philosophy.

Getting Science Wrong

Paul Dicken
Getting Science Wrong Book PDF

Author : Paul Dicken
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2018-01-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781350007307

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Getting Science Wrong by Paul Dicken Pdf

When Galileo dropped cannon-balls from the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, he did more than overturn centuries of scientific orthodoxy. At a stroke, he established a new conception of the scientific method based upon careful experimentation and rigorous observation - and also laid the groundwork for an ongoing conflict between the critical open-mindedness of science and the recalcitrant dogmatism of religion that would continue to the modern day. The problem is that Galileo never performed his most celebrated experiment in Pisa. In fact, he rarely conducted any experiments at all. The Church publicly celebrated his work, and Galileo enjoyed patronage from the great and the powerful; his ecclesiastical difficulties only began when disgruntled colleagues launched a campaign to discredit their academic rival. But what does this tell us about modern science if its own foundation myth turns out to be nothing more than political propaganda? Getting Science Wrong discusses some of the most popular misconceptions about science, and their continuing role in the public imagination. Drawing upon the history and philosophy of science it challenges wide-spread assumptions and misunderstandings, from creationism and climate change to the use of statistics and computer modelling. The result is an engaging introduction to contentious issues in the philosophy of science and a new way of looking at the role of science in society.

Shifting Ground

Naomi Scheman
Shifting Ground Book PDF

Author : Naomi Scheman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2011-10-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199745630

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Shifting Ground by Naomi Scheman Pdf

This volume of essays by Naomi Scheman brings together her views on epistemic and socio-political issues, views that draw on a critical reading of Wittgenstein as well as on liberatory movements and theories, all in the service of a fundamental reorientation of epistemology. For some theorists, epistemology is an essentially foundationalist and hence discredited enterprise; for others-particularly analytic epistemologists--it remains rigorously segregated from political concerns. Scheman makes a compelling case for the necessity of thinking epistemologically in fundamentally altered ways. Arguing that it is an illusion of privilege to think that we can do without usable articulations of concepts such as truth, reality, and objectivity, she maintains (as in the title of one of her essays) that epistemology needs to be "resuscitated" as an explicitly political endeavor, with trustworthiness at its heart. While each essay contributes to a specific conversation, taken together they argue for addressing theoretical questions as they arise concretely. Truth, reality, objectivity, and other concepts that problematically rest on shifting ground are more than philosophical toys, and the ground-shifting these essays enact is a move away from abstruse theorizing-analytic and post-structuralist alike. Following Wittgenstein's injunctions to just look, to attend to the "rough ground" of everyday practices, Scheman argues for finding philosophical insight in such acts of attention and in the difficulties that beset them. These essays are an attempt to grasp something in particular, to get a handle on a set of problems, and collectively they represent a fresh model of passionate philosophical engagement.