Human Brain And Spinal Cord Tumors From Bench To Bedside Volume 1

Author : Nima Rezaei,Sara Hanaei
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2023-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783031147326

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Human Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors: From Bench to Bedside. Volume 1 by Nima Rezaei,Sara Hanaei Pdf

Brain tumors comprise about 5–9% of all human neoplasms; and interestingly the central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are ranked among the most prevalent neoplasms of childhood as well. Besides to the morphologic and histopathologic characteristics, and as each pathologic states first starts with molecular alterations, each tumor may have its own story in the matter of activating tumorigenesis pathways and having specific molecular characteristics. Importantly, the molecular classification of tumors has been highly considered in the past few decades for taking the most appropriate therapeutic approach. On the other hand, the tumors shall have tumor-scape mechanisms preventing the immunologic system to eliminate its invasion. The failure of innate and acquired immune system to defeat tumorigenesis mechanisms would consequently result in tumor development. Interestingly, the neuro-immunologic mechanism plays a role in development of psychiatric manifestations of brain tumors as well. Taking all these to account, the different arms of innate immunity, acquired immunity, and genetics have been approached to defeat development and/or progression of such tumors. Accordingly, the activation immunotherapeutic approaches focus on activating or strengthening the anti-tumor immunologic pathways in order to assist the weakened immune system to defeat the tumor (such as Dendritic cell vaccination, DNA vaccines, peptide vaccines, viral vector-based vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and CAR T-cell therapy). In addition to immunologic components of brain and spinal cord tumors, numerous genes and genetic pathways have been recognized to take part in tumorigenesis. Taking these non-immune genetic pathways to account, some other therapeutic approaches such as stem cell therapy and gene therapy have been developed in the new era of cancer treatment. Moreover, and besides the biologic and medical aspects of these tumors, different physical/mathematical models have been proposed to either explain or predict tumor behavior. Such models would be advantageous in developing new therapeutic modalities in pre-clinical stages and enter new eras in cancer treatment. The first book of Human Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors, Neuro-immunology and Neuro-genetics, will mainly discuss the neuro-immunology and neurogenetic pathways associated with development of brain and spinal cord tumor. After a short introduction chapter, this book will focus on the role of innate and acquired immunity on development of these tumors and then the immunotherapeutic approaches to defeat these tumorigenesis mechanisms. This book will then focus on genetic aspects of brain and spinal cord tumors and bioinformatics models to describe the behavioral patterns of these tumors, as well as associated therapeutic approaches such as stem cell therapy and gene therapy. This volume of book could be useful for experts in basic sciences, mainly geneticists and immunologists, and also physicians of different specialties, mainly neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuropathologists and neuroradiologists.

Author : Nima Rezaei,Sara Hanaei
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 754 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2023-07-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783031237058

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Human Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors: From Bench to Bedside. Volume 2 by Nima Rezaei,Sara Hanaei Pdf

This book aims to gather the current knowledge regarding different aspects of brain and spinal cord tumors in order to more efficiently help the patients. Brain tumors comprise about 5–9% of all human neoplasms; and the central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are ranked among the most prevalent neoplasms of childhood as well. The more we know about the nature and characteristic of brain and spinal cord tumors, the more precise decision could be made for each patient, in order to reach the best outcome. While surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have been considered as the standards of care for benign and/or malignant CNS tumors since a long time ago, new therapeutic approaches such as immunotherapy have been recently proposed to be considered for treatment of CNS tumors, especially as in some cases, the tumors might be inoperable or the patient may not benefit from other treatment modalities after several recurrences. The second volume of the book focuses on clinical aspects of these tumors. Accordingly, the most important brain and spinal cord tumors are specifically discussed in each chapter based on a rational outlining for all chapter in this volume: Background and epidemiology, genetics, immunology and molecular biology, histopathology and morphology, imaging and radiologic features, clinical manifestations, therapeutic approaches, surgical intervention, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, new therapeutic modalities, follow-up, and prognosis. The chapters of this volume discuss the following pathologies of brain and spinal cord tumors: malignant glioma, benign glioma, meningiomas and other meningeal tumors, ependymomas, medulloblastomas, pineal tumors, choroid plexus and ventricular tumors, neuroectodermal tumors of CNS, neuroepithelial tumors of CNS, pituitary gland tumors, craniopharyngioma, schwannomas and nerve-sheet tumors, hemangioblastomas and other vascular originating tumors, brain and spinal tumors of embryonic origin, germ line cell tumors, malignant bone or cartilage-originating tumors of brain and spine, benign bone or cartilage-originating tumors of brain and spine, brain tumors affecting the orbit globe and orbit tumors affecting the brain, CNS lymphomas, metastatic lesions of the brain and spine, malignant spinal tumors, benign spinal tumors, brain and/or spinal cord tumors accompanied with other diseases or syndromes, psychological and psychiatric aspects of brain and spinal cord tumors, a brief explanation on surgical approaches for treatment of different brain tumors. This volume of book is useful for physicians of different specialties, mainly neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuropathologists, and neuroradiologists.

Author : M.A. Hayat
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2012-02-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789400728653

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Tumors of the Central Nervous System, Volume 6 by M.A. Hayat Pdf

This volume contains information on the diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of spinal tumors. Various aspects of different major types of spinal tumors (astrocytomas, ependymomas, and oligodendroglioma) are discussed. Insights into the understanding of molecular pathways involved in tumor biology are explained. Classification of intradural spinal tumors, including the percentages of each of the three major types, is detailed. Symptoms, radiological features, and clinicopathological parameters of spinal cord tumors are explained. Diagnosis, outcome, and prognosis of primary spinal cord and oligodendroglioma are discussed. Diagnosis of some other spinal tumors (e.g., pilomyxoid and chordomas) is also explained. The useful role of neuroimaging in diagnosing spinal teratoid/rhabdoid and gangliogliomas is included. A wide variety of treatments of a number of spinal cord tumor types are presented in detail. Therapies discussed include chemotherapy, surgery, radiosurgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, Cyberknife stereotactic radiotherapy, standard radiation alone, and rhenium-186 intracavity radiation. Also are duiscussed embolozation and spondylectomy. The usefulness of transplantation of human embryonic stem cells-derived oligodendrocyte progenitors and motoneuron progenitors in the repair of injured spinal cord is emphasized. Symptoms of the advent of spinal tumors are pointed out. Introduction to new technologies and their applications to spinal cord tumor diagnosis, treatment, and therapy assessment are explained.

Author : Francesco Signorelli
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2016-09-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789535126287

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From Bench to BedsideTrauma, Tumors, Spine, Functional Neurosurgery by Francesco Signorelli Pdf

This book is written for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners who are interested in learning how the knowledge from research can be implemented in clinical competences. The first section is dedicated to deep brain stimulation, a surgical procedure which is the paramount example of how clinical practice can take advantage from fundamental research. The second section gathers four chapters on four different topics and illustrates how significant is the challenge to translate scientific advances into clinical practice because the route from evidence to action is not always obvious. It is hoped that this book will stimulate the interest in the process of translating research into practice for a broader range of neurosurgical topics than the one covered by this book, which could result in a forthcoming more comprehensive publication.

Author : Michael G. Kaplitt,Matthew During
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0123976324

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Gene Therapy of the Central Nervous System: From Bench to Bedside by Michael G. Kaplitt,Matthew During Pdf

Few areas of biomedical research provide greater opportunities to capitalize upon the revolution in genomics and molecular biology than gene therapy. This is particularly true for the brain and nervous system, where gene transfer has become a key technology for basic research and has recently been translated to human therapy in several landmark clinical trials. Gene Therapy in the Brain: From Bench to Bedside represents the definitive volume on this subject. Edited by two pioneers of neurological gene therapy, this volume contains contributions by leaders who helped to create the field as well as those who are expanding the promise of gene therapy for the future of basic and clinical neuroscience. Drawing upon this extensive collective experience, this book provides clear and informative reviews on a variety of subjects which would be of interest to anyone who is currently using or contemplating exploring gene therapy for neurobiological applications. Basic gene transfer technologies are discussed, with particular emphases upon novel vehicles, immunological issues and the role of gene therapy in stem cells. Numerous research applications are reviewed, particularly in complex fields such as behavioral neurobiology. Several preclinical areas are also covered which are likely to translate into clinical studies in the near future, including epilepsy, pain and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Among the most exciting advances in recent years has been the use of neurological gene therapy in human clinical trials, including Parkinson's disease, Canavan disease and Batten disease. Finally, readers will find "insider" information on technological and regulatory issues which can often limit effective translation of even the most promising idea into clinical use. This work provides up-to-date information and key insights into those gene therapy issues which are important to both scientists and clinicians focusing upon the brain and central nervous system.

Author : Simon S. Lo,Bin S. Teh,Jiade J. Lu,Tracey E. Schefter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2012-08-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642256042

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Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy by Simon S. Lo,Bin S. Teh,Jiade J. Lu,Tracey E. Schefter Pdf

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as an important innovative treatment for various primary and metastatic cancers. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the physical/technological, biological, and clinical aspects of SBRT. It will serve as a detailed resource for this rapidly developing treatment modality. The organ sites covered include lung, liver, spine, pancreas, prostate, adrenal, head and neck, and female reproductive tract. Retrospective studies and prospective clinical trials on SBRT for various organ sites from around the world are examined, and toxicities and normal tissue constraints are discussed. This book features unique insights from world-renowned experts in SBRT from North America, Asia, and Europe. It will be necessary reading for radiation oncologists, radiation oncology residents and fellows, medical physicists, medical physics residents, medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, and cancer scientists.

Author : Sushil K. Sarna
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2010-11-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615041510

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Colonic Motility by Sushil K. Sarna Pdf

Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood.

Author : Bryan Jennett
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2002-02-28
Category : Law
ISBN : 0521441587

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The Vegetative State by Bryan Jennett Pdf

A survey of the medical, ethical and legal issues that surround this controversial topic.

Author : John Barton Furness,Marcello Costa
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015012463215

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The Enteric Nervous System by John Barton Furness,Marcello Costa Pdf

Author : John H. Menkes,Harvey B. Sarnat
Publisher : Lippincott Raven
Page : 1304 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015048866340

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Child Neurology by John H. Menkes,Harvey B. Sarnat Pdf

This book provides a thorough understanding of all diseases affecting the developing nervous system. The book explains how recent developments in molecular biology, genetics, neurochemistry, neurophysiology, and neuropathology impact the diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients. (Midwest).

Author : Harald Sontheimer
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2021-05-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128213964

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Diseases of the Nervous System by Harald Sontheimer Pdf

The study of the brain continues to expand at a rapid pace providing fascinating insights into the basic mechanisms underlying nervous system illnesses. New tools, ranging from genome sequencing to non-invasive imaging, and research fueled by public and private investment in biomedical research has been transformative in our understanding of nervous system diseases and has led to an explosion of published primary research articles. Diseases of the Nervous System, Second Edition, summarizes the current state of basic and clinical knowledge for the most common neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. In a systematic progression, each chapter covers either a single disease or a group of related disorders ranging from static insults to primary and secondary progressive neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental illnesses, illnesses resulting from nervous system infection and neuropsychiatric conditions. Chapters follow a common format and are stand-alone units, each covering disease history, clinical presentation, disease mechanisms and treatment protocols. Dr. Sontheimer also includes two chapters which discuss common concepts shared among the disorders and how new findings are being translated from the bench to the bedside. In a final chapter, he explains the most commonly used neuroscience jargon. The chapters address controversial issues in current day neuroscience research including translational research, drug discovery, ethical issues, and the promises of personalized medicine. This new edition features new chapters on Pain and Addiction to highlight the growing opioid crisis and the ethical issue of prescriptions drug abuse. This book provides an introduction for course adoption and an introductory tutorial for students, scholars, researchers and medical professionals interested in learning the state of the art concerning our understanding and treatment of diseases of the nervous system. Each chapter includes suggested further readings and/or journal club recommendations. 2016 PROSE Award winner of the Best Textbook Award in Biological and Life Sciences Provides a focused tutorial introduction to the core diseases of the nervous system Includes comprehensive introductions to Stroke, Epilepsy, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, ALS, Head and Spinal Cord Trauma, Multiple Sclerosis, Brain Tumors, Depression, Schizophrenia and many other diseases of the nervous system Covers more than 40 diseases from the foundational science to the best treatment protocols Includes discussions of translational research, drug discovery, personalized medicine, ethics, and neuroscience New Edition features two new chapters on Pain and Addiction

Author : Jörg-Christian Tonn,Manfred Westphal,J. T. Rutka
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 776 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2010-02-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642028748

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Oncology of CNS Tumors by Jörg-Christian Tonn,Manfred Westphal,J. T. Rutka Pdf

Knowledge about the etiology and diagnosis as well as treatment concepts of neu- oncologic diseases is rapidly growing. This turnover of knowledge makes it dif? cult for the physician engaged in the treatment to keep up to date with current therapies. This book sets out to close the gap and pursues several innovative concepts. As a comprehensive text on neuro-oncology, its chapters are interconnected, but at the same time some chapters or subdivisions are so thoroughly assembled that the whole volume gives the impression of several books combined into one. Neuropathology is treated in an extensive and clearly structured section. The int- ested reader ? nds for each tumor entity the latest well-referenced consensus rega- ing histologic and molecular pathology. Through this “book-in-the-book” concept, information on neuropathology is readily at hand in a concise form and without ov- loading the single chapters. Pediatric neuro-oncology differs in many entities from tumors in adult patients; also, certain tumors of the CNS are typically or mainly found only in the child. Therefore, pediatric neuro-oncology was granted its own, book-like section. Tumor entities that are treated differently in children and adults are included both in the pediatric neuro-oncology section and in the general section. Entities that typically occur only in the child and adolescent are found in the pediatric section in order to avoid redundancies.

Author : Ariff Bongso,Eng Hin Lee
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 721 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789814289382

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Stem Cells by Ariff Bongso,Eng Hin Lee Pdf

Stem cell biology has drawn tremendous interest in recent years as it promises cures for a variety of incurable diseases. This book deals with the basic and clinical aspects of stem cell research and involves work on the full spectrum of stem cells isolated today. It also covers the conversion of stem cell types into a variety of useful tissues which may be used in the future for transplantation therapy. It is thus aimed at undergraduates, postgraduates, scientists, embryologists, doctors, tissue engineers and anyone who wishes to gain some insight into stem cell biology. This book is important as it is comprehensive and covers all aspects of stem cell biology, from basic research to clinical applications. It will have 33 chapters written by renowned stem cell scientists worldwide. It will be up-to-date and all the chapters include self-explanatory figures, color photographs, graphics and tables. It will be easy to read and give the reader a complete understanding and state of the art of the exciting science and its applications.

Author : Uwe M. Martens
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2010-01-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642012228

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Small Molecules in Oncology by Uwe M. Martens Pdf

Extensive research into the molecular mechanisms of cancer disease has heralded a new age of targeted therapy. In malignant cells, key proteins that are crucial to tumor growth and survival are now being targeted directly with rationally designed inhibitors. Apart from monoclonal antibodies, small molecule therapeutics such as oncogenic protein kinase inhibitors are attracting a vast amount of investigational attention. This textbook, written by acknowledged experts, provides a broad overview of the small molecules currently used for the treatment of malignant diseases and discusses interesting novel compounds that are in the process of clinical development to combat cancer.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Army Science and Technology,Committee on Opportunities in Neuroscience for Future Army Applications
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2009-07-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309127400

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Opportunities in Neuroscience for Future Army Applications by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Army Science and Technology,Committee on Opportunities in Neuroscience for Future Army Applications Pdf

Advances and major investments in the field of neuroscience can enhance traditional behavioral science approaches to training, learning, and other applications of value to the Army. Neural-behavioral indicators offer new ways to evaluate how well an individual trainee has assimilated mission critical knowledge and skills, and can also be used to provide feedback on the readiness of soldiers for combat. Current methods for matching individual capabilities with the requirements for performing high-value Army assignments do not include neuropsychological, psychophysiological, neurochemical or neurogenetic components; simple neuropsychological testing could greatly improve training success rates for these assignments. Opportunities in Neuroscience for Future Army Applications makes 17 recommendations that focus on utilizing current scientific research and development initiatives to improve performance and efficiency, collaborating with pharmaceutical companies to employ neuropharmaceuticals for general sustainment or enhancement of soldier performance, and improving cognitive and behavioral performance using interdisciplinary approaches and technological investments. An essential guide for the Army, this book will also be of interest to other branches of military, national security and intelligence agencies, academic and commercial researchers, pharmaceutical companies, and others interested in applying the rapid advances in neuroscience to the performance of individual and group tasks.