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Hydrology and Global Environmental Change by Nigel W. Arnell Pdf
Hydrology and Global Environmental Change presents the hydrological contribution to, and consequences of, global environmental change. Assuming little or no prior knowledge on the part of the reader, the book looks at the main processes of global environmental change - global scale processes, large regional processes, repetitive processes - and how the hydrological cycle, processes and regimes impact on GEC and vice-versa.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Hydrologic Science
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Hydrologic Science Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 44 pages File Size : 44,9 Mb Release : 2011-12-17 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309217682
Global Change and Extreme Hydrology by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Hydrologic Science Pdf
Climate theory dictates that core elements of the climate system, including precipitation, evapotranspiration, and reservoirs of atmospheric and soil moisture, should change as the climate warms, both in their means and extremes. A major challenge that faces the climate and hydrologic science communities is understanding the nature of these ongoing changes in climate and hydrology and the apparent anomalies that exist in reconciling their extreme manifestations. The National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Hydrologic Science (COHS) held a workshop on January 5-6, 2010, that examined how climate warming translates into hydrologic extremes like floods and droughts. The workshop brought together three groups of experts. The first two groups consisted of atmospheric scientists and hydrologists focused on the scientific underpinnings and empirical evidence linking climate variability to hydrologic extremes. The third group consisted of water managers and decision-makers charged with the design and operation of water systems that in the future must be made resilient in light of a changing climate and an environment of hydrologic extremes. Global Change and Extreme Hydrology summarizes the proceedings of this workshop. This report presents an overview of the current state of the science in terms of climate change and extreme hydrologic events. It examines the "conventional wisdom" that climate change will "accelerate" the hydrologic cycle, fuel more evaporation, and generate more precipitation, based on an increased capacity of a warmer atmosphere to hold more water vapor. The report also includes descriptions of the changes in frequency and severity of extremes, the ability (or inability) to model these changes, and the problem of communicating the best science to water resources practitioners in useful forums.
Author : Jan C. van Dam Publisher : Cambridge University Press Page : 164 pages File Size : 55,7 Mb Release : 2003-10-16 Category : Science ISBN : 0521543312
Statistical Downscaling for Hydrological and Environmental Applications by Taesam Lee,Vijay P. Singh Pdf
Global climate change is typically understood and modeled using global climate models (GCMs), but the outputs of these models in terms of hydrological variables are only available on coarse or large spatial and time scales, while finer spatial and temporal resolutions are needed to reliably assess the hydro-environmental impacts of climate change. To reliably obtain the required resolutions of hydrological variables, statistical downscaling is typically employed. Statistical Downscaling for Hydrological and Environmental Applications presents statistical downscaling techniques in a practical manner so that both students and practitioners can readily utilize them. Numerous methods are presented, and all are illustrated with practical examples. The book is written so that no prior background in statistics is needed, and it will be useful to graduate students, college faculty, and researchers in hydrology, hydroclimatology, agricultural and environmental sciences, and watershed management. It will also be of interest to environmental policymakers at the local, state, and national levels, as well as readers interested in climate change and its related hydrologic impacts. Features: Examines how to model hydrological events such as extreme rainfall, floods, and droughts at the local, watershed level. Explains how to properly correct for significant biases with the observational data normally found in current Global Climate Models (GCMs). Presents temporal downscaling from daily to hourly with a nonparametric approach. Discusses the myriad effects of climate change on hydrological processes.
Environmental Change and Human Security in Africa and the Middle East by Mohamed Behnassi,Katriona McGlade Pdf
This volume brings together insights on the interactions between environmental change and human security in the Middle East and Africa. These regions face particular challenges in relation to environmental degradation, the decline of natural resources and consequent risks to current and future human security. The chapters provide topical analysis from a range of disciplines on the theory, discourse, policy and practice of responding to global environmental change and threats to human security. Case studies from Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Turkey, Iraq and Syria provide empirical evidence, with a focus section dedicated to the critical issue of water resources and water security in the region. The contributions demonstrate above all that the risks posed to human security arise through multiple and interconnected processes operating across diverse spatial and temporal scales. The complexity of these processes requires new ways of thinking and intervening. As a contribution, the current volume provides engaging insights from theory and practice for those seeking to address the challenges of environmental change.
Author : Howard R. Oliver,Sylvia A. Oliver Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 472 pages File Size : 41,5 Mb Release : 2013-06-29 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 9783642798306
The Role of Water and the Hydrological Cycle in Global Change by Howard R. Oliver,Sylvia A. Oliver Pdf
Water is an extremely important factor in global environmental change. Water influences the processes causing change. The human and economic consequences of changes in the water system can be very significant. The aim of this NATO Advanced Study Institute was to present a state-of-the-art assessment of the role of water in global change, ranging from a consideration of atmospheric processes to the social and political impacts of changes in water resources. Many initiatives have recently been developed, such as international conferences and research programmes in particular themes, but there was still a need for information from these diverse activities to be brought together. One of the aims of the ASI was to encourage cross-fertilization between the various disciplines looking at water in the global system. This book contains the expanded written versions of the lectures presented during the AS! held in Italy in May/June 1994. It falls into two basic parts. The first twelve chapters cover the role of water in the climate system and climate modelling. Various areas of the water balance including global budgets, the effect of each element of the water balance on regional and global climates, and procedures used to model hydrological processes at all scales are discussed. Precipitation, ice, lake, groundwater, land surface and atmospheric considerations are included together with hydrological process linkage to climate models. Ocean effects were not covered as they were considered to be outside the scope of this particular AS!.
Hydrology and Global Environmental Change by Nigel W. Arnell Pdf
Hydrology and Global Environmental Change presents the hydrological contribution to, and consequences of, global environmental change. Assuming little or no prior knowledge on the part of the reader, the book looks at the main processes of global environmental change - global scale processes, large regional processes, repetitive processes - and how the hydrological cycle, processes and regimes impact on GEC and vice-versa.
Water, Cultural Diversity, and Global Environmental Change by Barbara Rose Johnston,Lisa Hiwasaki,Irene J. Klaver,Ameyali Ramos Castillo,Veronica Strang Pdf
Co-published with UNESCO A product of the UNESCO-IHP project on Water and Cultural Diversity, this book represents an effort to examine the complex role water plays as a force in sustaining, maintaining, and threatening the viability of culturally diverse peoples. It is argued that water is a fundamental human need, a human right, and a core sustaining element in biodiversity and cultural diversity. The core concepts utilized in this book draw upon a larger trend in sustainability science, a recognition of the synergism and analytical potential in utilizing a coupled biological and social systems analysis, as the functioning viability of nature is both sustained and threatened by humans.
Global Environmental Change and Land Use by Han Haarman,A. Verhagen,C.A. Rovers Pdf
The interaction between environmental change and human activities is com plex, requiring the concepts and tools of a number of disciplines for its effective analysis. Land-use and land-cover change has only recently become a topic susceptible to scientific research, as these concepts and tools have been devel oped and made available. Rooted in a broad community concemed with global change, systematic research has begun into land-use systems at different scales and interactions, and their links with global cyc1es of water, nitrogen and carbon are being explored. Partly based on research initiated by the Dutch National Research Programme on Global Air PolIution and Climate Change (NRP), this book touches upon various land-use and land-cover issues in relation to global environmental change. In addition to the biogeochemical cyc1es, land as a car rier for functions of economic activities, food and fibre production and energy production via biomass are discussed. Crucial in studying land use is human behaviour and man-environment interaction at different scales. Land-use and land-cover change is an important contrlbutor of greenhouse gasses as these activities directly interfere with the carbon, nitrogen and water cyc1es. These cyc1es are connected through numerous feedback loops. The interface of land-use and c1imate is essentially determined by the interaction of man and the environment. Man uses land primarily to produce food; a relatively small area is needed for urban development.
Water Resources Management in the Face of Climatic/Hydrologic Uncertainties by Zdzislaw Kaczmarek,Kenneth M. Strzepek,László Somlyódy,Valentina Priazhinskaya Pdf
This text is the first international and comprehensive discussion of the impacts of climatic fluctuations and climate change on water resources management. The book presents an overview of the impacts of climatic change/fluctuations on a wide variety of water resources sectors including river runoff, water quality, water temperature, water use and demand, reservoir management and water resource planning and management. The book is unique in that it then presents a series of case studies to both demonstrate the application of climate change impact assessment methodologies and to provide insights to catchment, river basin, and national scale impacts of climate change/fluctuations on the water resources of Africa, Europe, and North America. Audience: Researchers, scholars and students of hydrology and water management who are concerned with the issues of climate change as well as the climate change impact assessment community.
Climate Change and its Effects on Water Resources by Alper Baba,Gökmen Tayfur,Orhan Gündüz,Ken W.F. Howard,Michael J. Friedel,Antonio Chambel Pdf
National and global security can be assessed in many ways but one underlying factor for all humanity is access to reliable sources of water for drinking, sanitation, food production and manufacturing industry. In many parts of the world, population growth and an escalating demand for water already threaten the sustainable management of available water supplies. Global warming, climate change and rising sea level are expected to intensify the resource sustainability issue in many water-stressed regions of the world by reducing the annual supply of renewable fresh water and promoting the intrusion of saline water into aquifers along sea coasts, where 50% of the global population reside. Pro-active resource management decisions are required, but such efforts would be futile unless reliable predictions can be made about the impact of the changing global conditions on the water cycle and the quality and availability of critical water reserves. Addressing this wide spectrum of issues, a team of expert authors discusses here the impacts of climate change on the global water resources, the long-term resource management goals at global and local scales, the data requirements and the scientific and technical advances necessary to mitigate the associated impacts.
Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability by Assefa M. Melesse,Wossenu Abtew,Gabriel Senay Pdf
Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability: Monitoring, Modelling, Adaptation and Mitigation is a compilation of contributions by experts from around the world who discuss extreme hydrology topics, from monitoring, to modeling and management. With extreme climatic and hydrologic events becoming so frequent, this book is a critical source, adding knowledge to the science of extreme hydrology. Topics covered include hydrometeorology monitoring, climate variability and trends, hydrological variability and trends, landscape dynamics, droughts, flood processes, and extreme events management, adaptation and mitigation. Each of the book's chapters provide background and theoretical foundations followed by approaches used and results of the applied studies. This book will be highly used by water resource managers and extreme event researchers who are interested in understanding the processes and teleconnectivity of large-scale climate dynamics and extreme events, predictability, simulation and intervention measures. Presents datasets used and methods followed to support the findings included, allowing readers to follow these steps in their own research Provides variable methodological approaches, thus giving the reader multiple hydrological modeling information to use in their work Includes a variety of case studies, thus making the context of the book relatable to everyday working situations for those studying extreme hydrology Discusses extreme event management, including adaption and mitigation
Author : Marc F. P. Bierkens,A. J. Dolman,Peter A. Troch Publisher : Unknown Page : 368 pages File Size : 44,5 Mb Release : 2008 Category : Climatic changes ISBN : UOM:39015079263870
Climate and the Hydrological Cycle by Marc F. P. Bierkens,A. J. Dolman,Peter A. Troch Pdf
An in-depth overview of the role of the hydrological cycle within the climate system, including climate change impacts on hydrological reserves and fluxes, and the controls of terrestrial hydrology on regional and global climatology. Table of contents : 1. The Role of the Hydrological Cycle in the Climate System 2. Evaporation 3. Physics of Evaporation and Atmospheric Boundary Layers Over Land 4. Precipitation Physics and Rainfall Observation 5. Land Surface Hydrology 6. Land Surface Schemes and Climate Models 7. Arctic and Snow Hydrology 8. Dynamics of Glaciers, Ice Sheets and Global Sea Level 9. Feedback Mechanisms : Precipitation and Soil Moisture 10. Feedback Mechanisms : Land Use, Hydrology and Carbon 11. Palaeohydrology : An Introduction 12. Groundwater Palaeohydrology 13. Global Warming and the Acceleration of the Hydrological Cycle 14. Climate Change and Hydrological Impact Studies 15. Remote Sensing for Hydrological Studies
Hydrology in a Changing World by Shailesh Kumar Singh,C.T. Dhanya Pdf
This book offers a comprehensive overview of the challenges in hydrological modeling. Hydrology, on both a local and global scale, has undergone dramatic changes, largely due to variations in climate, population growth and the associated land-use and land-cover changes. Written by experts in the field, the book provides decision-makers with a better understanding of the science, impacts, and consequences of these climate and land-use changes on hydrology. Further, offering insights into how the changing behavior of hydrological processes, related uncertainties and their evolution affect the modeling process, it is of interest for all researchers and practitioners using hydrological modeling.