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Immune Involvement in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss by Gendie Lash,Raj Raghupathy Pdf
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as two or more consecutive pregnancy losses before the 20th week of gestation, occuring in 1%–3% of reproductive women. Unexplained RPL (URPL) is a heterogeneous condition affecting approximately 50% of RPL cases, with one contributing factor thought to be a disruption in maternal immune tolerance. Various immune effectors and molecules in the immune-microenvironment establish specific maternal tolerance toward the semi-allogeneic fetus during pregnancy. Immune cells including innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), myeloid cells, T cells and B cells have been found to contribute to maintaining this maternal immunological tolerance during pregnancy. ILCs have been found to be the most abundant immune cells in the pregnant uterus, with many studies focusing on the relationship between RPL and either T cells or natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood and the endometrium/decidua. Despite progress in uncovering the roles of NK, and regulatory T cells and cytokines in pregnancy, the immune heterogeneity in patients with URPL remains elusive.
Recurrent Miscarriage and Pre-eclampsia by Rhoda Wilson Pdf
This book examines the role of antioxidants and of the immune systemin the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and recurrent miscarriage. Whilstmany papers have discussed the role of antioxidants in pre-eclampsiaand, that of the immune system, hitherto publication has notconsidered the two simultaneously.
Immunology of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Implantation Failure by Joanna Kwak-Kim Pdf
Immunology of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss provides doctors and immunologists with the information they need to help couples who experience recurrent pregnancy losses. Sections cover unexplained infertility, repeated in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer failures, history of second or third trimester pregnancy losses of unknown cause, or pregnancy with a history of or active autoimmune and/or alloimmune disease. Reproductive failure (RF), including recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL) and repeated implantation failures (RIF) is rather a syndrome than a disease caused by multiple etiologies, such as anatomical, endocrine, genetic, infectious, immunological, thrombotic and unexplained etiologies, hence this book strives to present the latest information. In 27 chapters, divided in 5 sections, the book introduces the current update of reproductive immunology topics in RF and provides systematic diagnostic guidelines, systemic and immune etiologies and therapeutic approaches. Provides detailed immunological background for understanding the etiology and management of reproduction failure Evaluates various immunological factors involved in the pathogenesis and management of reproduction failure Gives insights into various immunological and therapeutic approaches for reproduction failure
Author : Gil Mor Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 338 pages File Size : 44,9 Mb Release : 2007-12-27 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780387349442
This book covers in detail contemporary hypotheses and studies related to the immunology of implantation and provides a practical approach for the application of basic reproductive immunology research to pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, pre-term labor and IUGR. Provides complete and up to date review of current knowledge of the role of the immune system during pregnancy and the interactions between the placenta and the maternal immune system.
Immunology of Pregnancy 2013 by Gérard Chaouat,Olivier Sandra,Nathalie Lédée Pdf
Since a September, 1992, Nature article which read: “Can there be life without LIF?”, researchers now realize that the maternal immune system is both a foe (it can reject the conception) and a friend (immune cells and molecules are also necessary for successful pregnancy). Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) when absent, prevents embryo implantation in rodents. From fecundation to parturition, immunity acts as a Janus, required but potentially dangerous. However, the complexity and the diversity of immunity in pregnancy deters many from entering the field. This book will try to give a complete overview of immunity from gametes till parturition, in brief, but with complete chapters and subsections, each written by specialists in the field. The importance of the topic relies not only on “the riddle of the fetal allograft”, which is per se fascinating, but on its consequences, linked to the development of IVF and in general, Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) / Medicine. Since the discovery that there would not be (mammalian) life without LIF, it has become clear that Immune Molecules, and in general, transient post mating inflammatory reactions are required for successful implantation. Disruptions of this process can lead to implantation failure / sterility. In later stages of pregnancy immunological cells, mostly of the innate immune system, control formation of local spiral arteries. Finally, a state of tolerance establishes itself, whose “break’ leads to immune abortion and the vascular bed is further transformed and enlarged, till delivery, and here again “immunological cytokines” do play a major role and can eventually cause immune mediated abortion. Failure of, not just, the cytokine and cell recognition mediated dialogue, but also the pre and peri-implantation “preparation of the uterus”, as stated, leads to sterility, early pregnancy loss and recurrent abortions. There is also an increasingly stronger argument to implicate immunology in pre-eclampsia. Further still, immunology is also implicated in the control of local infection, mother to child transmission of pathogens (notably, but not limited to, HIV). Finally, pregnancy is the only known physiological phenomenon where the once named “suppressor T cells,” re-emerge as “regulatory T cells”, and play a cardinal role. This E-book provides a complete compendium of gynecological immunology, spanning from fecundation to delivery. Topics also include the role of various cell types (such as T regs ad NK cells) in implantation and uterine changes as well as the genetic regulation of immunological processes. As such it will be of interest not only to fundamental and reproductive immunologists, but more importantly, clinicians in obstetrics and gynecology.
This book presents the discipline of immunology which studies a unique physiological phenomenon contradicting many of the generally established rules in the field: immunology of pregnancy. It provides a wide overview of the current research of this topic. Prominent and leading international groups contributed by reviewing the most significant findings in the field.
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss by Sumita Mehta,Bindiya Gupta Pdf
This book covers the entire topic of recurrent miscarriage extensively. Chapters cover demographics to recent and future management options. A special section on the role of controversial strategies has also been included. Lastly, the book features dedicated chapters on evidence-based approaches, which include step-by-step algorithms for the reader’s convenience.
The Maternal Fetal Interface by Anthony Carter,Vibeke Dantzer,Thomas Jansson Pdf
The 29 papers contained in this volume look closely at various aspects of what is termed, "The Maternal-Fetal Interface," as it relates to the latest research in placental science. A substantial section of the book is devoted to the troublesome question of vertical transmission of infectious agents: namely, the HIV-1 virus. However, other sections of the volume examine related issues such as drug and toxin transfer across the term placenta and the diversity of placental types and how this can affect a placenta's effectiveness as a barrier. Anthony Carter is at the University of Odense, Denmark Vibeke Dantzer is at the University of Copenhagen, DenmarkThomas Jansson is at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss by Mala Arora,Neelanjana Mukhopadhaya Pdf
This new edition is a comprehensive guide to recurrent pregnancy loss for practising gynaecologists. Divided into ten sections, the book begins with a brief overview of the topic, followed by discussion on the different causes of pregnancy loss – genetic, endometrial, systemic, anatomical and infections. The next sections discuss management options, the role of ultrasound, and failed pregnancy. The third edition has been fully revised and expanded to bring clinicians fully up to date with the latest advances in the field. Newer treatment options are covered in depth and the latest diagnostic recommendations from the RCOG (UK) as well as the ACOG (US) are included. Authored by a team of internationally recognised experts, the text is enhanced by clinical photographs and diagrams, and features a comprehensive appendix section for further reference. Key points Fully revised, third edition presenting latest knowledge in recurrent pregnancy loss Covers newer treatment options and latest diagnostic recommendations from RCOG and ACOG Authored by internationally recognised team of experts Previous edition (9788184480061) published in 2007
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss by Howard Carp,Howard J. A. Carp Pdf
Recurrent pregnancy loss presents a vexing clinical problem primarily for medical professionals treating patients in reproductive medicine and in maternal-fetal medicine. However, with its numerous causes and various suggested treatment options, the problem is more multidisciplinary in nature, involving gynecology, genetics, endocrinology, immunolo
Treatment Strategy for Unexplained Infertility and Recurrent Miscarriage by Keiji Kuroda,Jan J. Brosens,Siobhan Quenby,Satoru Takeda Pdf
This book offers a highly informative guide to treating unexplained infertility and recurrent miscarriage (RM). In particular, it provides detailed treatment strategies for infertility or RM derived from uterine circumstance such as chronic endometritis and perturbation of endometrial decidualization, as well as maternal immunological rejection of an embryo as semi-allograft. Unexplained infertility refers to those types that cannot be detected by the general screening test. The causes are sometimes detected in the course of treatment with assisted reproductive technology including IVF. However, some unexplained infertility is intractable even after intracytoplasmic sperm injection or repeated implantation of morphologically suitable embryos. Patients with unexplained RM also have a high likelihood of undetectable risk factors of miscarriage. As a result, gynecologists often repeatedly provide these couples with general treatments for infertility and miscarriage or even discontinue treatment because they cannot detect the reason, which places serious financial, physical and mental burdens on the couples affected. This book offers gynecologists essential insights into the pathological condition of unexplained infertility and RM, equipping them to identify it, explain it to patients, and consider further examinations and more aggressive fertility treatments.
Redirection of Th1 and Th2 Responses by Robert L. Coffman,Sergio Romagnani Pdf
The two major subsets of CD4+ helper T cells, designated Th1 and Th2, have quite different patterns of cytokine production and, as a consequence, have very different roles in immune responses. The articles in this volume review both basic and clinical studies of T cell heterogeneity, including: the mechanisms by which Th1 and Th2 cells develop and maintain their differences in cytokine production; the different roles of Th1 and Th2 cells in allergy, autoimmunity and infectious diseases; the prospects and strategies for therapeutic manipulation of Th1 and Th2 cells; and the control of Th1 and Th2 responses by regulatory T cell subsets. The volume should give the reader a view of the development and function of Th1 and Th2 cells and the attempts to treat immunological diseases with therapies directed towards altering the Th1/Th2 balance.
Eric J. Bieber,Joseph S. Sanfilippo,Ira R. Horowitz,Mahmood I. Shafi
Author : Eric J. Bieber,Joseph S. Sanfilippo,Ira R. Horowitz,Mahmood I. Shafi Publisher : Cambridge University Press Page : 1127 pages File Size : 41,7 Mb Release : 2015-04-23 Category : Medical ISBN : 9781107040397
Clinical Gynecology by Eric J. Bieber,Joseph S. Sanfilippo,Ira R. Horowitz,Mahmood I. Shafi Pdf
Written with the busy practice in mind, this book delivers clinically focused, evidence-based gynecology guidance in a quick-reference format. It explores etiology, screening, tests, diagnosis, and treatment for a full range of gynecologic health issues. The coverage includes the full range of gynecologic malignancies, reproductive endocrinology and infertility, infectious diseases, urogynecologic problems, gynecologic concerns in children and adolescents, and surgical interventions including minimally invasive surgical procedures. Information is easy to find and absorb owing to the extensive use of full-color diagrams, algorithms, and illustrations. The new edition has been expanded to include aspects of gynecology important in international and resource-poor settings.
Gynecology by Sherif Shazly,Shannon K. Laughlin-Tommaso Pdf
This book is a thorough and easy-to-use guide to gynecology for residents preparing for their CREOG and board examinations. Books available for gynecology residents are generally either clinically directed or academically based. The books in the first group are usually brief, suitable as handbooks for residents to use during daily practice. These books, however, do not provide adequate background information to prepare for CREOG or ABOG board examinations. The more academically-focused books provide detailed background, but do not offer simple and quick assistance during daily practice or studying. This book aims to provide the most beneficial parts of both products. Throughout, the material is simplified and well-organized to provide an excellent resource for clinical practice, with ample use of bullets and key points. The content is also comprehensive, providing the appropriate background knowledge and a systematic approach that makes it an excellent source for the board examination. Topics are divided into four sections: general gynecology, urogynecology, reproductive endocrinology and infertility, and gynecology oncology. Chapters then cover all major topics in each area, including uterine fibroids, polycystic ovary syndrome, and genital infections. Each chapter additionally includes multiple choice questions for residents to test their knowledge of the material. This is an ideal guide for residents in OBGYN and practicing gynecologists looking for a refresher and quick reference.
Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine by Hung N. Winn,Frank A. Chervenak,Roberto Romero Pdf
This is a comprehensive, one-stop online book relating to all areas of pregnancy and birth. The second edition of this easily searchable guide is edited by eminent experts in the field and includes new contributions from international authors. It will be an ideal reference for Maternal-Fetal Specialists and Generalists wanting an authoritative answer on any point. Key features: •Grouped in to six topics (modules) for convenience •Electronic search facility across all chapters •Approximately 700,000 words of text, 7000 references, 300 figures (including 100 in full colour), and 200 tables available to search Key topics: •All common pregnancy and birth related problems such as diabetes and pregnancy •Many rarer complications such as protozoan infections •Fetal assessment, which is absolutely central to MFM practice •Medico-legal aspects •Sickle cell disease – a major problem for patients of African descent New chapters include: •Recurrent early pregnancy losses •Invasive hemodynamic monitoring •Chronic and acute hypertension •Neurological disorders •Maternal obesity •Assessment of fetal genetic disorders •First and second trimester screening