Immunological Mechanisms And Therapies In Brain Injuries And Stroke

Author : Jun Chen,Xiaoming Hu,Mary Stenzel-Poore,John H. Zhang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461489153

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Immunological Mechanisms and Therapies in Brain Injuries and Stroke by Jun Chen,Xiaoming Hu,Mary Stenzel-Poore,John H. Zhang Pdf

Recent research has revealed the importance of immunological mechanisms and inflammation in delaying damage and/or promoting repair after an acute injury to the central nervous system. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the role of immunological mechanisms and therapies for treating acute neurological injuries such as cerebral ischemia, hemorrhage, and brain and spinal cord trauma. In several sections, the contributing authors provide a review of immunological mechanisms involved in neurological injury and of various translational and clinical research aimed at harnessing those mechanisms for better patient outcomes.​

Author : Arthur Liesz,Christoph Kleinschnitz
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2015-11-13
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889196913

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Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation and Inflammatory Neurodegeneration in Acute Brain Injury by Arthur Liesz,Christoph Kleinschnitz Pdf

Mechanisms of brain-immune interactions became a cutting-edge topic in systemic neurosciences over the past years. Acute lesions of the brain parenchyma, particularly, induce a profound and highly complex neuroinflammatory reaction with similar mechanistic properties between differing disease paradigms like ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Resident microglial cells sense tissue damage and initiate inflammation, activation of the endothelial brain-immune interface promotes recruitment of systemic immune cells to the brain and systemic humoral immune mediators (e.g. complements and cytokines) enter the brain through the damaged blood-brain barrier. These cellular and humoral constituents of the neuroinflammatory reaction to brain injury contribute substantially to secondary brain damage and neurodegeneration. Diverse inflammatory cascades such as pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion of invading leukocytes and direct cell-cell-contact cytotoxicity between lymphocytes and neurons have been demonstrated to mediate the inflammatory ‘collateral damage’ in models of acute brain injury. Besides mediating neuronal cell loss and degeneration, secondary inflammatory mechanisms also contribute to functional modulation of neurons and the impact of post-lesional neuroinflammation can even be detected on the behavioral level. The contribution of several specific immune cell subpopulations to the complex orchestration of secondary neuroinflammation has been revealed just recently. However, the differential vulnerability of specific neuronal cell types and the molecular mechanisms of inflammatory neurodegeneration are still elusive. Furthermore, we are only on the verge of characterizing the control of long-term recovery and neuronal plasticity after brain damage by inflammatory pathways. Yet, a more detailed but also comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted interaction of these two supersystems is of direct translational relevance. Immunotherapeutic strategies currently shift to the center of translational research in acute CNS lesion since all clinical trials investigating direct neuroprotective therapies failed. To advance our knowledge on brain-immune communications after brain damage an interdisciplinary approach covered by cellular neuroscience as well as neuroimmunology, brain imaging and behavioral sciences is crucial to thoroughly depict the intricate mechanisms.

Author : Zhang Pengyue,Xiangjian Zhang,Yunping Deng,Yuchuan Ding,Yulong Bai,Feng Zhang
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2023-08-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832532539

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Therapeutic Relevance and Mechanisms of Neuro-Immune Communication in Brain Injury by Zhang Pengyue,Xiangjian Zhang,Yunping Deng,Yuchuan Ding,Yulong Bai,Feng Zhang Pdf

The brain is a critical organ with neuro-immune communication. The nervous system and immune system evolved to provide regulation of physiological homeostasis and protect against threats. Neuro-immune communication is correlated with physiological functions of various tissues and organs, and the internal environment balance. In brain trauma, the neural network is destroyed and the neuro-immune communication process is impaired. However, the research on this process is insufficient and limited. A thorough clarification of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuro-immune communication in brain injury is an essential necessary endeavor in the search for new therapeutic targets for brain injury. This Research Topic is devoted to the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuro-immune communication in brain injury and on the meaningful exploration of how the nervous system regulates the immune system to promote neurofunctional recovery after brain injury.

Author : Daniel Laskowitz,Gerald Grant
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2015-12-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781498766579

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Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury by Daniel Laskowitz,Gerald Grant Pdf

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches has been disappointingly slow. Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury attempts to integrate expertise from across specialties to address knowledge gaps in the field of TBI. Its chapters cover a wide scope of TBI research in five broad areas: Epidemiology Pathophysiology Diagnosis Current treatment strategies and sequelae Future therapies Specific topics discussed include the societal impact of TBI in both the civilian and military populations, neurobiology and molecular mechanisms of axonal and neuronal injury, biomarkers of traumatic brain injury and their relationship to pathology, neuroplasticity after TBI, neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapy, advanced neuroimaging of mild TBI, neurocognitive and psychiatric symptoms following mild TBI, sports-related TBI, epilepsy and PTSD following TBI, and more. The book integrates the perspectives of experts across disciplines to assist in the translation of new ideas to clinical practice and ultimately to improve the care of the brain injured patient.

Author : Firas H. Kobeissy
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 725 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2015-02-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781466565999

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Brain Neurotrauma by Firas H. Kobeissy Pdf

Every year, an estimated 1.7 million Americans sustain brain injury. Long-term disabilities impact nearly half of moderate brain injury survivors and nearly 50,000 of these cases result in death. Brain Neurotrauma: Molecular, Neuropsychological, and Rehabilitation Aspects provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma, including brain injury pathophysiology, biomarker research, experimental models of CNS injury, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic interventions as well as neurorehabilitation strategies in the field of neurotraum research. The book includes several sections on neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, neurocognitive/neurobehavioral deficits, and neurorehabilitation and treatment approaches. It also contains a section devoted to models of mild CNS injury, including blast and sport-related injuries. Over the last decade, the field of neurotrauma has witnessed significant advances, especially at the molecular, cellular, and behavioral levels. This progress is largely due to the introduction of novel techniques, as well as the development of new animal models of central nervous system (CNS) injury. This book, with its diverse coherent content, gives you insight into the diverse and heterogeneous aspects of CNS pathology and/or rehabilitation needs.

Author : Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda Abreu
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2017-08-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789535134510

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Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation by Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda Abreu Pdf

"Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation" book explains how the neuronal cells become swollen at the moment of the blood-brain barrier disruption and how they lose their immunological isolation. A cascade of cytokines and immune cells from the bloodstream enters the nervous system, inflaming neurons and activating the glia. This produces a neuroinflammatory process that can generate different neurodegenerative diseases. Better understanding of mechanisms that are activated at the time when the damage to the brain occurs could lead to the development of suitable therapies that revert the neuronal inflammation and thus prevent further damage to the nervous system.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on the Review of the Department of Veterans Affairs Examinations for Traumatic Brain Injury
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2019-05-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309486897

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Evaluation of the Disability Determination Process for Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on the Review of the Department of Veterans Affairs Examinations for Traumatic Brain Injury Pdf

The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) provides disability compensation to veterans with a service-connected injury, and to receive disability compensation from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), a veteran must submit a claim or have a claim submitted on his or her behalf. Evaluation of the Disability Determination Process for Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans reviews the process by which the VA assesses impairments resulting from traumatic brain injury for purposes of awarding disability compensation. This report also provides recommendations for legislative or administrative action for improving the adjudication of veterans' claims seeking entitlement to compensation for all impairments arising from a traumatic brain injury.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Nutrition, Trauma, and the Brain
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2011-07-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309210089

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Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury by Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Nutrition, Trauma, and the Brain Pdf

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for up to one-third of combat-related injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to some estimates. TBI is also a major problem among civilians, especially those who engage in certain sports. At the request of the Department of Defense, the IOM examined the potential role of nutrition in the treatment of and resilience against TBI.

Author : Leanne Aitken,Andrea Marshall,Wendy Chaboyer
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
Page : 1051 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2016-01-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780729542005

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ACCCN's Critical Care Nursing by Leanne Aitken,Andrea Marshall,Wendy Chaboyer Pdf

With each edition, ACCCN's Critical Care Nursing has built on its highly respected reputation. Its contributors aim to encourage and challenge practising critical care nurses and students to develop world-class critical care nursing skills in order to ensure delivery of the highest quality care. Endorsed by the Australian College of Critical Care Nurses (ACCCN), this 3rd edition presents the expertise of foremost critical care leaders and features the most recent evidence-based research and up-to-date advances in clinical practice, technology, procedures and standards. Expanded to reflect the universal core elements of critical care nursing practice authors, Aitken, Marshall and Chaboyer, have retained the specific information that captures the unique elements of contemporary critical care nursing in Australia, New Zealand and other similar practice environments. Structured in three sections, ACCCN's Critical Care Nursing, 3rd Edition addresses all aspects of critical care nursing, including patient care and organisational issues, while highlighting some of the unique and complex aspects of specialty critical care nursing practice, such as paediatric considerations, trauma management and organ donation. Presented in three sections: - Scope of Critical Care - Principles and Practice of Critical Care - Speciality Practice Focus on concepts that underpin practice - essential physical, psychological, social and cultural care New case studies elaborate on relevant care topics Research vignettes explore a range of topics Practice tips highlight areas of care particularly relevant to daily clinical practice Learning activities support knowledge, reflective learning and understanding Additional case studies with answers available on evolve NEW chapter on Postanaesthesia recovery Revised coverage of metabolic and nutritional considerations for the critically ill patient Aligned with the NEW ACCCN Standards for Practice

Author : Leanne Aitken,Andrea Marshall,Wendy Chaboyer
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
Page : 1051 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2015-10-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780729583367

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ACCCN's Critical Care Nursing - E-Book by Leanne Aitken,Andrea Marshall,Wendy Chaboyer Pdf

With each edition, ACCCN’s Critical Care Nursing has built on its highly respected reputation. Its contributors aim to encourage and challenge practising critical care nurses and students to develop world-class critical care nursing skills in order to ensure delivery of the highest quality care. Endorsed by the Australian College of Critical Care Nurses (ACCCN), this 3rd edition presents the expertise of foremost critical care leaders and features the most recent evidence-based research and up-to-date advances in clinical practice, technology, procedures and standards. Expanded to reflect the universal core elements of critical care nursing practice authors, Aitken, Marshall and Chaboyer, have retained the specific information that captures the unique elements of contemporary critical care nursing in Australia, New Zealand and other similar practice environments. Structured in three sections, ACCCN’s Critical Care Nursing, 3e addresses all aspects of critical care nursing, including patient care and organisational issues, while highlighting some of the unique and complex aspects of specialty critical care nursing practice, such as paediatric considerations, trauma management and organ donation. Presented in three sections: - Scope of Critical Care - Principles and Practice of Critical Care - Speciality Practice Focus on concepts that underpin practice - essential physical, psychological, social and cultural care New case studies elaborate on relevant care issues Practice tips highlight areas of care particularly relevant to daily clinical practice Learning activities support knowledge, reflective learning and understanding Additional case studies with answers available on evolve NEW chapter on Postanaesthesia recovery Revised coverage of metabolic and nutritional considerations for the critically ill patient Aligned with the NEW ACCCN Standards for Practice

Author : Julie Wixey,Tracey Bjorkman,Bobbi Fleiss,Deirdre M. Murray
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2021-10-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782889715565

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Pathomechanisms and Treatments to Protect the Preterm, Fetal Growth Restricted and Neonatal Encephalopathic Brain by Julie Wixey,Tracey Bjorkman,Bobbi Fleiss,Deirdre M. Murray Pdf

Author : Basil F. Matta,David K. Menon,Martin Smith
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2011-10-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781139499859

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Core Topics in Neuroanaesthesia and Neurointensive Care by Basil F. Matta,David K. Menon,Martin Smith Pdf

Core Topics in Neuroanesthesia and Neurointensive Care is an authoritative and practical clinical text that offers clear diagnostic and management guidance for a wide range of neuroanesthesia and neurocritical care problems. With coverage of every aspect of the discipline by outstanding world experts, this should be the first book to which practitioners turn for easily accessible and definitive advice. Initial sections cover relevant anatomy, physiology and pharmacology, intraoperative and critical care monitoring and neuroimaging. These are followed by detailed sections covering all aspects of neuroanesthesia and neurointensive care in both adult and pediatric patients. The final chapter discusses ethical and legal issues. Each chapter delivers a state-of-the art review of clinical practice, including outcome data when available. Enhanced throughout with numerous clinical photographs and line drawings, this practical and accessible text is key reading for trainee and consultant anesthetists and critical care specialists.

Author : Jerome Badaut,Nikolaus Plesnila
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 554 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128031971

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Brain Edema by Jerome Badaut,Nikolaus Plesnila Pdf

Brain Edema: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Practice brings together the most widely recognized experts in experimental and clinical brain edema research to review the current knowledge gathered on the molecular and cellular pathophysiology and clinical management of brain edema. This timely book also discusses future directions of research and treatment. Brain edema is an integral and acutely life-threatening part of the pathophysiology of multiple cerebral and non-cerebral disorders, including traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, brain tumors, cardiac arrest, altitude sickness and liver failure. Affecting millions worldwide, research over the past few years has shown that a plethora of complex molecular and cellular mechanisms contribute to this pathological accumulation of water in the brain parenchyma. In parallel, the development of new neuroimaging tools has provided a new way to examine how edema develops longitudinally and in real time, both in pre-clinical models and in patients. Despite intense research over the past few decades, therapeutic options are still limited and sometimes not effective. Presents a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in edema formation and resolution Discusses the specific role of edema development in several pathologies, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, brain tumors, cardiac arrest, and liver failure Proposes a new classification of edema based on molecular processes Discusses clinical management of new clinical trials coming from pre-clinical studies Addresses the possible link between edema formation, other molecular and cellular processes, including inflammation and neuroinflammation

Author : Paul A. Lapchak,Guo-Yuan Yang
Publisher : Springer
Page : 581 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2017-12-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811058042

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Translational Research in Stroke by Paul A. Lapchak,Guo-Yuan Yang Pdf

This book mainly discusses the current status of stroke transnational research and allows the reader to understand the interplay of common comorbidities in the stroke population such as diabetes and hypertension, and provides insight into stroke targets to promote cell survival, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and most importantly, functional recovery after stroke. Throughout the world, stroke is still a leading cause of mortality and morbidity; each year approximately 15 million people worldwide suffer from stroke. Stroke is now the leading cause of death and disability in China. Large communities of stroke survivors are eagerly awaiting scientific advances in transnational stroke research that would offer neuroprotective therapeutics for acute stroke management, or rehabilitation and regenerative strategies utilizing novel stem cell-based approaches. While research is ongoing, the Editors have compiled this volume to help the further understanding of the pathophysiology of stroke and to review and identify future potential biomarkers. The book is written for students, researchers and physicians in neurosciences, neurology and neuroradiology.

Author : Rommy von Bernhardi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2016-10-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319407647

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Glial Cells in Health and Disease of the CNS by Rommy von Bernhardi Pdf

A timely overview covering the three major types of glial cells in the central nervous system - astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. New findings on glia biology are overturning a century of conventional thinking about how the brain operates and are expanding our knowledge about information processing in the brain. The book will present recent research findings on the role of glial cells in both healthy function and disease. It will comprehensively cover a broad spectrum of topics while remaining compact in size.