Indicators For Plastic Pollution

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Indicators for plastic pollution

Vorkamp, Katrin,Ryberg, Morten,Fauser, Patrik,Bach, Lis,Fries Linnebjerg, Jannie,Strand, Jakob
Indicators for plastic pollution Book PDF

Author : Vorkamp, Katrin,Ryberg, Morten,Fauser, Patrik,Bach, Lis,Fries Linnebjerg, Jannie,Strand, Jakob
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2023-08-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789289376495

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Indicators for plastic pollution by Vorkamp, Katrin,Ryberg, Morten,Fauser, Patrik,Bach, Lis,Fries Linnebjerg, Jannie,Strand, Jakob Pdf

Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2023-526/ Negotiations have started for an international treaty to solve the global problem of plastic pollution. This agreement and other actions need reliable measurements. It was the objective of this project to analyze and recommend indicators for plastic pollution, which are relevant, easy to measure and comprehensive. Most losses to the environment are larger plastic items, which eventually break down to microplastics. Mismanaged waste is an important source of plastic pollution, but difficult to measure. A set of complementary indicators could include plastic production/use, recycling rates, plastics in wastewater and rivers, beach litter, floating microplastics and plastic particles that are taken up by animals, e.g. seabirds. A holistic approach to plastic losses along the value chain and plastic accumulation in the environment would improve our understanding and related actions.

Reckoning with the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the United States Contributions to Global Ocean Plastic Waste
Reckoning with the U S Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the United States Contributions to Global Ocean Plastic Waste
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2022-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0309458854

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Reckoning with the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the United States Contributions to Global Ocean Plastic Waste Pdf

An estimated 8 million metric tons (MMT) of plastic waste enters the world's ocean each year - the equivalent of dumping a garbage truck of plastic waste into the ocean every minute. Plastic waste is now found in almost every marine habitat, from the ocean surface to deep sea sediments to the ocean's vast mid-water region, as well as the Great Lakes. This report responds to a request in the bipartisan Save Our Seas 2.0 Act for a scientific synthesis of the role of the United States both in contributing to and responding to global ocean plastic waste. The United States is a major producer of plastics and in 2016, generated more plastic waste by weight and per capita than any other nation. Although the U.S. solid waste management system is advanced, it is not sufficient to deter leakage into the environment. Reckoning with the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste calls for a national strategy by the end of 2022 to reduce the nation's contribution to global ocean plastic waste at every step - from production to its entry into the environment - including by substantially reducing U.S. solid waste generation. This report also recommends a nationally-coordinated and expanded monitoring system to track plastic pollution in order to understand the scales and sources of U.S. plastic waste, set reduction and management priorities, and measure progress.

Possible elements of a new global agreement to prevent plastic pollution

Raubenheimer, Karen,Urho, Niko
Possible elements of a new global agreement to prevent plastic pollution Book PDF

Author : Raubenheimer, Karen,Urho, Niko
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2020-10-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789289367370

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Possible elements of a new global agreement to prevent plastic pollution by Raubenheimer, Karen,Urho, Niko Pdf

Available online: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-6180 A new report titled Possible elements of a new global agreement to prevent plastic pollution aims to develop global sustainability criteria for product design, providing the tools for governments to regulate national markets. Potential objectives and strategic goals are defined, a first structure for a potential new global agreement is outlined, and national implementation measures are identified to achieve the global goal of zero discharge of plastics into the environment. By addressing the issue at the design phase, all sources and pathways of marine plastic pollution can be addressed. Importantly, the existing weakness in the current framework on upstream and midstream activities of the plastics value chain can be addressed by providing robust national financial mechanisms that improve downstream activities in all countries.

Marine Plastic Debris and Microplastics

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Marine Plastic Debris and Microplastics Book PDF

Author : United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2016-05-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789210601603

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Marine Plastic Debris and Microplastics by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Pdf

This report presents both short- and long-term approaches to the problem of marine plastic debris and micro plastics. It provides an overview of the latest science and experiences, identifies priority areas of action, and points out areas requiring more research. Improved waste management is urgently needed to reduce the flow of plastic into our oceans.

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Michael Z. Hauschild,Mark A.J. Huijbregts
Life Cycle Impact Assessment Book PDF

Author : Michael Z. Hauschild,Mark A.J. Huijbregts
Publisher : Springer
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2015-03-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789401797443

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Life Cycle Impact Assessment by Michael Z. Hauschild,Mark A.J. Huijbregts Pdf

This book offers a detailed presentation of the principles and practice of life cycle impact assessment. As a volume of the LCA compendium, the book is structured according to the LCIA framework developed by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)passing through the phases of definition or selection of impact categories, category indicators and characterisation models (Classification): calculation of category indicator results (Characterisation); calculating the magnitude of category indicator results relative to reference information (Normalisation); and converting indicator results of different impact categories by using numerical factors based on value-choices (Weighting). Chapter one offers a historical overview of the development of life cycle impact assessment and presents the boundary conditions and the general principles and constraints of characterisation modelling in LCA. The second chapter outlines the considerations underlying the selection of impact categories and the classification or assignment of inventory flows into these categories. Chapters three through thirteen exploreall the impact categories that are commonly included in LCIA, discussing the characteristics of each followed by a review of midpoint and endpoint characterisation methods, metrics, uncertainties and new developments, and a discussion of research needs. Chapter-length treatment is accorded to Climate Change; Stratospheric Ozone Depletion; Human Toxicity; Particulate Matter Formation; Photochemical Ozone Formation; Ecotoxicity; Acidification; Eutrophication; Land Use; Water Use; and Abiotic Resource Use. The final two chapters map out the optional LCIA steps of Normalisation and Weighting.

Management, Recycling and Reuse of Waste Composites

Vannessa Goodship
Management Recycling and Reuse of Waste Composites Book PDF

Author : Vannessa Goodship
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 632 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2009-12-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781845697662

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Management, Recycling and Reuse of Waste Composites by Vannessa Goodship Pdf

This authoritative reference work provides a comprehensive review of the management, recycling and reuse of waste composites. These are issues which are of increasing importance due to the growing use of composites in many industries, increasingly strict legislation and concerns about disposal of composites by landfill or incineration. Part one discusses the management of waste composites and includes an introduction to composites recycling and a chapter on EU legislation for recycling waste composites. Part two reviews thermal technologies for recycling waste composites with chapters on pyrolysis, catalytic transformation, thermal treatments for energy recovery and fluidized bed pyrolysis. Part three covers mechanical methods of recycling waste composites. This section includes chapters on additives for recycled plastic composites, improving mechanical recycling and the quality and durability of mechanically recycled composites. Parts four discusses improving sustainable manufacture of composites, with chapters on environmentally-friendly filament winding of FRP composites, process monitoring and new developments in producing more functional and sustainable composites. Part five gives a review of case studies including end-of-life wind turbine blades, aerospace composites, marine composites, composites in construction and the recycling of concrete. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Management, recycling and reuse of waste composites is a standard reference for anyone involved in the disposal or recycling of waste composites. Reviews the increasingly important issues of recycling and reuse as a result of the increased use of composites Discusses the management of waste composites and EU legislation with regards to recycling Examines methods for recycling, including thermal technologies and mechanical methods

The Ocean Plastics Reduction Guide

European Investment Bank
The Ocean Plastics Reduction Guide Book PDF

Author : European Investment Bank
Publisher : European Investment Bank
Page : 77 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2021-07-19
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9789286150289

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The Ocean Plastics Reduction Guide by European Investment Bank Pdf

The objective of this guide is to raise awareness about the oceans' crucial importance to us and to the planet, and the growing threats posed by plastics discharged into and accumulating in the oceans. The guide outlines the key problems and challenges and how these can be addressed. The guide is promoting circular solutions to the ocean plastic pollution, and intends to inspire impactful action and change.

Global agreement to prevent plastic pollution: Exploring financing needs and opportunities

Busch, Per-Olof,Schulte, Maro Luisa,Wintermeyer, Florian
Global agreement to prevent plastic pollution Exploring financing needs and opportunities Book PDF

Author : Busch, Per-Olof,Schulte, Maro Luisa,Wintermeyer, Florian
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 79 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2022-02-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789289372756

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Global agreement to prevent plastic pollution: Exploring financing needs and opportunities by Busch, Per-Olof,Schulte, Maro Luisa,Wintermeyer, Florian Pdf

Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2022-514/ The study identifies and elaborates options for the basic financial set-up and approaches to resource mobilisation and delivery that ensure an effective national and international operation and implementation of a global agreement on plastic pollution. Four key messages stand out: 1. The transition to a more circular global plastics economyprovides significant environmental, economic and social opportunities. 2. The current availability, mobilisation and provision of public and private financial resources is overall insufficient 3. Substantial contributions from business actors in the global plastics economy are needed to mobilise and provide sufficient financial resources. 4. An effective global agreement on plastic pollution can establish a legislative framework that stimulates necessary investments and that assists countries in mobilising and delivering financial resources.

Strengthen the Global Science and Knowledge Base to Reduce Marine Plastic Pollution

Busch, Per-Olof,Schulte, Maro Luisa,Simon, Nils
Strengthen the Global Science and Knowledge Base to Reduce Marine Plastic Pollution Book PDF

Author : Busch, Per-Olof,Schulte, Maro Luisa,Simon, Nils
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2021-04-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789289370110

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Strengthen the Global Science and Knowledge Base to Reduce Marine Plastic Pollution by Busch, Per-Olof,Schulte, Maro Luisa,Simon, Nils Pdf

Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2021-519/ States are on the brink to start negotiations on a global agreement on plastic pollution. In this context, scientists, policymakers and stakeholders voiced requests for strengthening and improving the knowledge base. These requests often include demands for a scientific advisory mechanism or body that operates as two-way interface between science and policy and that informs policy- and decision-making in the global combat against plastic waste in the oceans and the need for a life cycle approach to marine plastic pollution that covers all stages in the plastics life cycle. The report makes the case for a global scientific mechanism on marine litter and microplastics and discusses the conditions to make it work effectively and to enable it to strengthen the global science and knowledge base on marine litter and microplastics.

Global Plastics Outlook Economic Drivers, Environmental Impacts and Policy Options

OECD
Global Plastics Outlook Economic Drivers Environmental Impacts and Policy Options Book PDF

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2022-02-22
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264584068

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Global Plastics Outlook Economic Drivers, Environmental Impacts and Policy Options by OECD Pdf

While plastics are extremely useful materials for modern society, plastics production and waste generation continue to increase with worsening environmental impacts despite international, national and local policy responses, as well as industry commitments. The first of two reports, this Outlook intends to inform and support policy efforts to combat plastic leakage.

Plastic Pollution and Marine Conservation

Giuseppe Bonanno,Martina Orlando-Bonaca
Plastic Pollution and Marine Conservation Book PDF

Author : Giuseppe Bonanno,Martina Orlando-Bonaca
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2022-03-02
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780128224878

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Plastic Pollution and Marine Conservation by Giuseppe Bonanno,Martina Orlando-Bonaca Pdf

Plastic Pollution and Marine Conservation: Approaches to Protect Biodiversity and Marine Life provides comprehensive knowledge on the consequences of plastic waste in marine environments at different levels, ranging from ecological and biological, to social, economic and political. The book synthesizes historical information, gaps in current knowledge, and recent discoveries by illustrating the main stages that made plastics a global issue for ocean ecosystems and their wildlife. Written by international experts on marine pollution, marine biology, and management of environmental resources, this book explores the main topics of marine plastic pollution such as input quantification, polluting sources, ultimate fate, ecological consequences, and more. This an important resource for a wide audience, including marine conservationists, environmental managers, decision-makers, NGOs, private companies, and activists working to combat plastics in our seas and oceans. Illustrates the evolution of plastics, from revolutionary materials to global environmental emergency Discusses marine plastic pollution with scientific rigor and easy language that is supported by graphics and tables Led by a team of editors with expertise in biology, pollution, conservation and policies of marine wildlife, biodiversity and ecosystems

Micro-and macro-plastics in marine species from Nordic waters

Inger Lise N. Bråte, Bastian Huwer,Kevin V. Thomas,David P. Eidsvoll, Claudia Halsband,Bethanie Carney Almroth,Amy Lusher
Micro and macro plastics in marine species from Nordic waters Book PDF

Author : Inger Lise N. Bråte, Bastian Huwer,Kevin V. Thomas,David P. Eidsvoll, Claudia Halsband,Bethanie Carney Almroth,Amy Lusher
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 103 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2017-09-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789289351201

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Micro-and macro-plastics in marine species from Nordic waters by Inger Lise N. Bråte, Bastian Huwer,Kevin V. Thomas,David P. Eidsvoll, Claudia Halsband,Bethanie Carney Almroth,Amy Lusher Pdf

This report summarises the knowledge on plastics in Nordic marine species. Nordic biota interacts with plastic pollution, through entanglement and ingestion. Ingestion has been found in many seabirds and also in stranded mammals. Ingestion of plastics has been documented in 14 fish species, which many of them are of ecology and commercially importance. Microplastics have also been found in blue mussels and preliminary studies found synthetic fibres in marine worms. Comparability between and within studies of plastic ingestion by biota from the Nordic environment and other regions are difficult as there are: few studies and different methods are used. It is important that research is directed towards the knowledge gaps highlighted in this report, to get a better understanding on plastic ingestion and impact on biota from the Nordic marine environment.

Marine Anthropogenic Litter

Melanie Bergmann,Lars Gutow,Michael Klages
Marine Anthropogenic Litter Book PDF

Author : Melanie Bergmann,Lars Gutow,Michael Klages
Publisher : Springer
Page : 447 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2015-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319165103

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Marine Anthropogenic Litter by Melanie Bergmann,Lars Gutow,Michael Klages Pdf

This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.

International sustainability criteria for plastic products in a global agreement on plastic pollution

Rognerud, Idun,Hovland Steindal, Eirik,Tartiu, Valentina Elena,Kumar, Nandini
International sustainability criteria for plastic products in a global agreement on plastic pollution Book PDF

Author : Rognerud, Idun,Hovland Steindal, Eirik,Tartiu, Valentina Elena,Kumar, Nandini
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2022-01-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789289372596

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International sustainability criteria for plastic products in a global agreement on plastic pollution by Rognerud, Idun,Hovland Steindal, Eirik,Tartiu, Valentina Elena,Kumar, Nandini Pdf

Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2022-509/ The report elaborates on what sustainability criteria for plastic products may entail in a global agreement on plastic pollution. It proposes an analytical framework for sustainability criteria, situating them as the link between global objectives and implementation measures. It discusses how sustainability criteria may be incorporated in a global agreement and what operational measures can contribute to their fulfilment, emphasising that there is no one overarching criterion for sustainable production and consumption of plastic products. Rather, a range of criteria may collectively contribute towards more sustainable production, consumption, and management of plastic products throughout their lifecycle. The report further highlights the importance of considering risks of problem-shifting in the design and integration of sustainability criteria in a global agreement.

Plastic Pollution

Gail Krantzberg,Savitri Jetoo,Velma I Grover,Sandhya Babel
Plastic Pollution Book PDF

Author : Gail Krantzberg,Savitri Jetoo,Velma I Grover,Sandhya Babel
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2023-09-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781000962550

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Plastic Pollution by Gail Krantzberg,Savitri Jetoo,Velma I Grover,Sandhya Babel Pdf

Plastics show up in every area of our lives. They are durable, cheap and light, properties that make them attractive but also problematic for the environment. The focus of this book is not just to highlight the problem of plastics, its definition, and how plastic pollution is impacting human health and environment but also to look at some best practices in both nature based solutions and in the field of law and policies. The first section of the book focuses on plastic pollution – it’s origin, relationship to climate change, linear/circular economy, followed by sustainable plastics, scientific solutions, and how policies can address plastic pollution. This includes looking at better designs, more sustainable feedstocks, and partnerships between various stakeholders worldwide including USA, China, Canada, South Korea, Thailand. This book will interest those who are associated with the production industry, packaging industry, and waste management industry as well as, academicians, students and policymakers.