Indigenous Weapons Development In China S Military Modernization
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Indigenous Weapons Development in China's Military Modernization by Amy Chang,John Dotson Pdf
"China's process of modernizing its armed forces has involved the development of indigenously designed weapons systems, some of which appeared to undergo a process of development, procurement, and/or deployment that outpaced the estimates of U.S. and other foreign observers. This paper specifically focuses on four key weapons platforms that have been discussed as 'surprise' developments to U.S. analysts. ... Based on the four case studies covered in this report, there are no universal trends in publicly reported U.S. government analysis on the development of indigenous Chinese weapon systems. ... The trends of past decades are no longer a reliable guide to the performance of China's defense industries. Furthermore, U.S. observers should not take at face value statements from the Chinese government on military policy, as they could either be deceptive, or simply issued by agencies (e.g., the PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs) that have no real say over military matters. Based on the trends identified in this paper, U.S. analysts and policymakers should expect to see continued advancements in the ability of the PRC to produce modern weapons platforms, and an attendant increase in the operational capabilities of the People's Liberation Army."--Exec. sum.
Senate of the United States of America,U. S. - China Security Review Commission,U. S. Government
Author : Senate of the United States of America,U. S. - China Security Review Commission,U. S. Government Publisher : Unknown Page : 84 pages File Size : 55,9 Mb Release : 2019-09-26 Category : Electronic ISBN : 1695817737
Indigenous Weapons Development in China's Military Modernization - Report on Anti-Satellite Systems (ASAT), Dongfeng Anti-Ship Ballistic Missile (ASBM), Stealth Fighter Aircraft, Yuan-Class Submarine by Senate of the United States of America,U. S. - China Security Review Commission,U. S. Government Pdf
China's process of modernizing its armed forces has involved the development of indigenously designed weapons systems-some of which appeared to undergo a process of development, procurement, and/or deployment that outpaced the estimates of U.S. and other foreign observers. This paper specifically focuses on four key weapons platforms that have been discussed as "surprise" developments to U.S. analysts: Type 039A/B/041 (Yuan-class) diesel-electric attack submarine, SC-19 anti-satellite (ASAT) system, Dongfeng-21D (DF-21D/CSS-5) anti-ship ballistic missile (ASBM), Jian-20 (J-20) stealth fighter aircraft. This report examines each of these purported "surprise" military developments in detail, and seeks to provide a clearer picture as to whether or not U.S. officials and analysts have demonstrated a pattern of underestimating the speed and depth of Chinese military development.This compilation includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.Contents: Indigenous Weapons Development in China's Military Modernization * Executive Summary * Section 1: The Yuan Class Submarine * Section 2: The Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Missile System * Section 3: The Anti-Ship Ballistic Missile (ASBM) * Section 4: The J-20 Fighter * ConclusionsThe History and Development of Yuan-Class Submarines - Prior to designing and implementing domestic submarines, China imported a majority of its submarine technology from Russia. The first indigenous diesel submarine, the Ming-class, was first launched in 1971; it was based on the Soviet Romeo-class submarine. The second domestically designed submarine, the Song-class, was first launched in 1994. China also bought Russian-designed Kilo-class submarines throughout the 1990s and 2000s. The Yuan-class submarines (Figure 1) share characteristics of both Russian Kilo-class and Chinese indigenous submarines (e.g., Song-class) and "are armed similarly to the Song-class SS."
Chinese Military Modernization and Force Development by Anthony H. Cordesman,Ashley Hess,Nicholas S. Yarosh Pdf
China’s military development has become a key focus of US security policy as well as that of virtually all Asia-Pacific states. This report from the CSIS Burke Chair in Strategy examines trends in Chinese strategy, military spending, and military forces based on Chinese defense white papers and other official Chinese sources; US reporting by the Department of Defense and other defense agencies; and other government sources, including Japanese and Korean defense white papers and the International Monetary Fund. The analysis also draws on the work of experts outside of government, various research centers, and nongovernmental organizations.
Defense Modernization in the People's Republic of China by Jonathan D. Pollack,Rand Corporation Pdf
Chinese decisionmakers have used various strategies in their past efforts to modernize their defense establishment. Any effort to amend previous strategies will be constrained both by the competing demands of other economic sectors and by continuing deficiencies in China's scientific and industrial manpower base. Affecting these constraints in a significant way can succeed only as part of a systematic long-term development effort. A 'quick-fix' defense option for the PRC (that is, one premised on rapid assimilation of advanced foreign military technologies and extensive weaponry purchases abroad) is not feasible for Chinese security planners. To attempt such a strategy would severely tax the available budgetary and manpower resources. It would also compromise a 20 year effort to create an indigenous base for military research and production, even though the domestic defense industries lag significantly behind the technological capacities of the superpowers. Of necessity, therefore, Chinese security strategy will continue to rely heavily on both a political and diplomatic component, rather than depending exclusively upon military acquisitions and deployments.
"Four essays ... analyze broad trends in Chinese military modernization. While they treat strategic capabilities ... the essays analyze considerably more. They look at the whole pattern of Chinese military modernization-- strategy, doctrine, information warfare, ground, naval and air forces. The essays come to ... much the same conclusion: that while the PLA ... is acquiring "pockets" of modern capabilities through a variety of legal and illegal endeavors, these selective acquisitions do not offset the overall obsolescence of most of China's armed forces."
Chinese Military Modernization by C. Dennison Lane,Mark Weisenbloom,Dimon Liu Pdf
Examining Chinese intentions and the means they have to achieve those intentions, this volume begins with Roger Ames's essay analyzing the Chinese military through from the earliest times
Chinese Military Modernization and Force Development by Anthony H. Cordesman,Garrett Berntsen,Tyler Duhame,Aaron Lin,Ashley Hess,Nicholas S. Yarosh Pdf
This report udates the analysis of the trends in Chinese military strategy and forces. This is the final draft before publication, and any comments will be gratefully received. The goal behind this report is not to present the authors' view of the balance, but rather to provide the basis for an unclassified dialogue on the military developments in China, including the size and structure of the country's current and planned military forces. It draws on official US, Chinese, and other Asian official reporting, as well as the work of other scholars and the data bases developed by the IISS and Jane's in an effort to compare different views of Chinese strategy and military developments, and is meant to provide US, Chinese, and other analysts with a better basis for understanding Western estimates of the changes in Chinese force strength and force quality.
Senate of the United States of America,U S - China Security Review Commission,U S Government
Author : Senate of the United States of America,U S - China Security Review Commission,U S Government Publisher : Unknown Page : 212 pages File Size : 49,7 Mb Release : 2019-07-16 Category : Electronic ISBN : 108101444X
China's Military Reforms and Modernization by Senate of the United States of America,U S - China Security Review Commission,U S Government Pdf
This is an important report compilation of testimony at a 2018 hearing which provided insight into how China's ongoing military reform efforts and President Xi's vision for achieving the "China Dream" are shaping the People's Liberation Army's long-term defense planning, weapons development, and acquisition programs. The hearing specifically assessed the political and security drivers shaping China's military modernization efforts; the reformed Central Military Commission's role in coordinating modernization priorities with the military services; the development of forces capable of conducting joint operations; and implications for the United States.Panel I: National-Level Military Modernization Priorities and Force Enablers * 1. Cortez Cooper, Senior International/Defense Researcher, RAND Corporation * 2. John Costello, Cybersecurity Policy Fellow, New America Foundation * 3. Kevin McCauley, Independent Analyst * Panel II: Service-Level Military Modernization Priorities * 4. Ben Lowsen, China Advisor, U.S. Air Force * 5. James Holmes, Ph.D., J.C. Wylie Chair of Maritime Strategy, U.S. Naval War College * 6. Brendan Mulvaney, Ph.D., Director, China Aerospace Studies Institute * 7. Michael S. Chase, Ph.D., Senior Political Scientist, RAND Corporation * Panel III: PLA Modernization and Implications for the United States and Beyond * 8. Tate Nurkin, Executive Director, Strategic Assessments, Jane's by IHS Markit * 9. Jacqueline N. Deal, Ph.D., President and CEO, Long Term Strategy Group * 10. Kathleen Hicks, Ph.D. Senior Vice President, Henry A. Kissinger Chair, and Director of the International Security Program, Center for Strategic and International StudiesThe Chinese Communist Party believes that a strong military is essential to maintaining its hold on power in an increasingly competitive geostrategic environment. Since becoming General Secretary of the CCP, Xi Jinping has conveyed his vision for achieving the "China Dream" through the "great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." President Xi as chairman of the Central Military Commission, China's top military decision-making body, has emphasized that a strong military is necessary to reach this goal. At the CCP's recent 19th Party Congress, President Xi revised the milestones set out for the military's development strategy. He announced an interim goal for the PLA to achieve modernization by 2035 and modified the long-term objective to become a world-class military by 2049. China's efforts to reach its military development goals will depend on the PLA's ability to implement its most sweeping reform and reorganization since the 1950s, which began in 2016 and will last through 2020. The reform effort centralizes President Xi's control over the military and seeks to improve the PLA's capability to fight regional conflicts at greater distances from China. Therefore, to better understand the challenges the U.S. and its allies and partners may face in the Indo-Pacific concerning Chinese military modernization, this hearing will examine Beijing's national-level modernization priorities, drivers behind the modernization, force enablers, and how the PLA is coordinating these priorities from the national level down among the military services.At the CCP's recent 19th Party Congress, President Xi revised the milestones set out for the military's development strategy. He announced an interim goal for the PLA to achieve modernization by 2035 and modified the long-term objective to become a world-class military by 2049. China's efforts to reach its military development goals will depend on the PLA's ability to implement its most sweeping reform and reorganization since the 1950s, which began in 2016 and will last through 2020.
Military Modernization in the People's Republic of China by Air Command and Staff College Pdf
China is experiencing extremely rapid changes in every element of its national power; economic, political, and military. Its economy is booming, producing double digit gains each year since the mid-1980s. This explosive growth raises the prospect of China emerging as a major global power. To help protect this potential new status, Beijing decided to modernize its military to ?gain respect? in the world community and become militarily competitive with other global powers. This resulted in a nation possessing one of the fastest growing economies in the world combined with one of the largest military machines; that is slowly gaining an offensive force-projection capability. These factors may upset the balance of power in the Asian region, in addition to posing a threat to U.S. interests. This paper examines the implications for U.S. and regional security posed by the economic reforms and the military modernization taking place in China, focusing on Chinese acquisition and indigenous production of high-technology weapons to produce an offensive force projection capability. After surveying the lack of resources available to the Chinese defense industries, it analyzes China's military equipment modernization program and impediments to that program. By assessing the impact of the impediments, it concludes that the economic reform in the People's Republic of China (PRC) has actually slowed military modernization efforts and hindered indigenous defense production. This has reduced the military's possibilities of developing limited or sustained force projection for 15 to 25 years. Thus the U.S. and regional nations have an opportunity to engage China and bring it fully into the world community before it becomes a regional threat.
Chinese Military Modernisation by Chander K. Kapur Pdf
With its fanatic national fervour, China is all set to achieve its legitimate place - the Middle Kingdom syndrome - in the emerging multi polar world order by 2050 AD. The most effective tool to achieve this is the Chinese Armed Forces - the PLA. The centrality of the PLA in China's internal and external policies has always remained unquestioned. China has recently embarked on a massive systematic programme for the modernisation of its Defence Services. Its short and long term objectives are yet to be assessed. The question now is, will a modernised professional military dance to the tune of the Chinese Communist Party? The impact of China's Defence modernisation on India's national security would be profound and direct. Are India & China natural rivals? What threats China poses for India? How should India respond to these challenges? This extensively researched book from a highly experienced soldier comprehensively examines all these & other related issues which should be of great interest for the China watchers.
Chinese Military Modernization by Roger Cooperman,Alexander J. Foster Pdf
This book explores the question of how the United States should respond to China's military modernization effort, including its naval modernisation effort, which has emerged as a key issue in U.S. defence planning. China's naval modernisation effort, which began in the 1990s, encompasses a broad array of weapon acquisition programs, including anti-ship ballistic missiles, submarines, and surface ships. Observers believe that the near-term focus of China's military modernisation effort has been to develop military options for addressing the situation with Taiwan. Potential oversight issues for Congress include whether the U.S. Navy in coming years will be large enough to adequately counter improve Chinese maritime anti-access forces while also adequately performing other missions of interest to U.S. policy-makers around the world; the Navy's ability to counter Chinese anti-ship ballistic missiles and submarines; and whether the Navy, in response to China's maritime anti-access capabilities, should rift over time to a more distributed fleet architecture.
