Inhalation Studies

Author : Robert F. Phalen
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2008-10-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0849314003

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Inhalation Studies by Robert F. Phalen Pdf

This significantly updated and expanded new edition presents the scientific foundations of inhalation research essential to the design and conduct of toxicologic studies. It incorporates the major advances that have been made in the field, including recent advances in biology and the rapidly increasing global concerns and studies on particulate air pollution. The Second Edition was motivated by: new developments in the ultrafine particle health effects and concentrated aerosol research advances in understanding postnatal lung growth and the deposition and clearance of inhaled particles new techniques in toxicity testing the explosion of knowledge in the genetic and molecular realms the introduction of a large number of transgenic animal models updated ethical guidelines for animal testing the emergence of aerosol medicine the growing threat of aerosol-related terrorism increased appreciation of nonpulmonary effects of inhaled substances use of medical scanning techniques to study respiratory tract structure the introduction of new inhalation exposure systems the emergence of aerosol concentrators for use in air pollution studies

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Assessing Toxicologic Risks to Human Subjects Used in Controlled Exposure Studies of Environmental Pollutants
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2017-04-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309452526

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Controlled Human Inhalation-Exposure Studies at EPA by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Assessing Toxicologic Risks to Human Subjects Used in Controlled Exposure Studies of Environmental Pollutants Pdf

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a mission and regulatory responsibility to protect human health and the environment. EPA's pursuit of that goal includes a variety of research activities involving human subjects, such as epidemiologic studies and surveys. Those research activities also involve studies of individuals who volunteer to be exposed to air pollutants intentionally in controlled laboratory settings so that measurements can be made of transient and reversible biomarker or physiologic responses to those exposures that can indicate pathways of toxicity and mechanisms of air-pollution responses. The results of those controlled human inhalation exposure (CHIE) studies, also referred to as human clinical studies or human challenge studies, are used to inform policy decisions and help establish or revise standards to protect public health and improve air quality. Controlled Human Inhalation-Exposure Studies at EPA addresses scientific issues and provides guidance on the conduct of CHIE studies. This report assesses the utility of CHIE studies to inform and reduce uncertainties in setting air-pollution standards to protect public health and assess whether continuation of such studies is warranted. It also evaluates the potential health risks to test subjects who participated in recent studies of air pollutants at EPA's clinical research facility.

Author : Harry Salem,Sidney A. Katz
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 1055 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2005-12-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781420037302

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Inhalation Toxicology by Harry Salem,Sidney A. Katz Pdf

Written by internationally recognized scientists from academic, industrial, and governmental sectors, Inhalation Toxicology, Second Edition details the methods and materials used in the theoretical and applied aspects of inhalation toxicology. The editors emphasize the relationship between the respiratory system and toxicology of inhaled substances

Author : Ulrich Mohr,Donald L. Dungworth,Georg Kimmerle,James Lewkowski,Roger O. McClellan,Werner Stöber
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642613555

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Inhalation Toxicology by Ulrich Mohr,Donald L. Dungworth,Georg Kimmerle,James Lewkowski,Roger O. McClellan,Werner Stöber Pdf

The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), a nonprofit, public foundation, was established in 1978 to advance the sciences of nutrition, toxicology, and food safety. ILSI promotes the resolution of health and safety issues in these areas by sponsoring research, conferences, publications, and educational programs. Through ILSI's programs, scientists from government, academia, and industry unite their efforts to resolve issues of critical importance to the public. As part of its commitment to understanding and resolving health and safety issues, ILSI is pleased to sponsor this series of monographs that consolidates new scientific knowledge, defines research needs, and provides a background for the effective application of scientific advances in toxicology and food safety. Alex Malaspina President International Life Sciences Institute Contents Series Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Part I. Approaches to Assessing the Toxicity of Airborne Toxicants Chapter 1. Standard-Setting as an Integrative Exercise: Alchemy, Juggling, or Science? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 D. v. Bates Chapter 2. Species Differences in Inhalation Toxicology: Variations in Exposure-Dose Relationships and Macrophage Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 J. D. Brain Chapter 3. Cell Populations of the Respiratory System: Interspecies Diversity in Composition, Distribution, and Morphology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 e. G. Plopper, A. Mir, J. St. George, N. Tyler, A. Mariassy, D. Wilson, S. Nishio, D. Cranz, J. Heidsiek, and D. Hyde Chapter 4. Comparative Metabolic Basis for the Disposition and Toxic Effects of Inhaled Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 A. R. Dahl Part II. Methodological Issues in Designing and Conducting Studies with Laboratory Animals Chapter 5. Exposure Facilities and Aerosol Generation and Characterization for Inhalation Experiments. . . . . . . . . .

Author : U MOHR (Ed)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:985818351

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Inhalation Toxicology; the Design and Interpretation of Inhalation Studies and Their Use in Risk Assessment by U MOHR (Ed) Pdf

APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE TOXICITY OF AIRBORNE TOXICANTS; STANDARD-SETTING AS AN INTEGRATIVE EXERCISE: ALCHEMY, JUGGLING, OR SCIENCE; SPECIES DIFFERENCES IN INHALATION TOXICOLOGY: VARIATIONS IN EXPOSURE-DOSE RELATIONSHIPS AND MACROPHAGE FUNCTION; CELL POPULATIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: INTERSPECIES DIVERSITY IN COMPOSITION, DISTRIBUTION AND MORPHOLOGY; COMPARATIVE METABOLIC BASIS FOR THE DISPOSITION AND TOXIC EFFECTS OF INHALED MATERIALS; METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN DESIGNING AND CONDUCTING STUDIES WITH LABORATORY ANIMALS; EXPOSURE FACILITIES AND AEROSOL GENERATION AND CHARACTERIZATION FOR INHALATION EXPERIMENTS; DIFFERENT METHODS USED IN ACUTE AND SUBCHRONIC INHALATION STUDIES OF POTENTIAL LUNG IRRITANTS, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO LUNG FUNCTION; CHRONIC INHALATION TOXICITY STUDIES: PROTOCOLS AND PITFALLS; CARCINOGENICITY PROTOCOLS.

Author : D.V. Bates,H. Fabel,M.J. Utell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 423 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642771767

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Advances in Controlled Clinical Inhalation Studies by D.V. Bates,H. Fabel,M.J. Utell Pdf

Advances in Controlled Clinical Inhalation Studies represents scientific work presented at the 3rd International Inhalation Symposium held 1991 in Hannover, FRG. The symposium covered the new developments in this field of research. The main pollutants of interest were acid aerosols, fog, and indoor pollutants, while with regard to biological effects, an emphasis was placed on immunotoxicological and biochemical parameters. Tests on high risk groups were also considered. Initial chapters describe the outdoor environment as well as indoor air, measurement and quality - both at home and in the workplace. Besides methods for clinical inhalation and assessing personal exposure, new methodologies are particularly presented. Further chapters focus on the relevance of clinical data for regulatory decisions.

Author : Robert F. Phalen
Publisher : CRC PressI Llc
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0849354692

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Inhalation Studies by Robert F. Phalen Pdf

1. Aerosol and gases; 2. Basic morphology and physiology of the respiratory tract; 3. Establishing and controlling exposure environments; 4. Characterizing the exposure; 5. Methods for exposure animals.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 728 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Government publications
ISBN : UCSD:31822037817723

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How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by Anonim Pdf

This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : House & Home
ISBN : UCBK:C105261333

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WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality by Anonim Pdf

This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.

Author : Robert F. Phalen
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2020-04-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781000674606

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Methods in Inhalation Toxicology by Robert F. Phalen Pdf

This book focuses on an important aspect of the methods in laboratory animal inhalation toxicology. It is targeted to students in toxicology programs and scientists contemplating performing inhalation studies.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Review of the Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 775 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2018-05-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309468374

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Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Review of the Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Pdf

Millions of Americans use e-cigarettes. Despite their popularity, little is known about their health effects. Some suggest that e-cigarettes likely confer lower risk compared to combustible tobacco cigarettes, because they do not expose users to toxicants produced through combustion. Proponents of e-cigarette use also tout the potential benefits of e-cigarettes as devices that could help combustible tobacco cigarette smokers to quit and thereby reduce tobacco-related health risks. Others are concerned about the exposure to potentially toxic substances contained in e-cigarette emissions, especially in individuals who have never used tobacco products such as youth and young adults. Given their relatively recent introduction, there has been little time for a scientific body of evidence to develop on the health effects of e-cigarettes. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes reviews and critically assesses the state of the emerging evidence about e-cigarettes and health. This report makes recommendations for the improvement of this research and highlights gaps that are a priority for future research.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review EPA's Toxicological Assessment of Tetrachloroethylene
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 187 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2010-03-18
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309152358

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Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Draft IRIS Assessment of Tetrachloroethylene by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review EPA's Toxicological Assessment of Tetrachloroethylene Pdf

Tetrachloroethylene is a volatile, chlorinated organic hydrocarbon that is widely used as a solvent in the dry-cleaning and textile-processing industries and as an agent for degreasing metal parts. It is an environmental contaminant that has been detected in the air, groundwater, surface waters, and soil. In June 2008, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency released its draft Toxicological Review of Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) (CAS No. 127-18-4) in Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). The draft IRIS assessment provides quantitative estimates of cancer and noncancer effects of exposure to tetrachloreothylene, which will be used to establish airquality and water-quality standards to protect public health and to set cleanup standards for hazardous waste sites. At the request of EPA, the National Research Council conducted an independent scientific review of the draft IRIS assessment of tetrachloroethylene from toxicologic, epidemiologic, and human clinical perspectives. The resulting book evaluates the adequacy of the EPA assessment, the data and methods used for deriving the noncancer values for inhalation and oral exposures and the oral and inhalation cancer unit risks posed by tetrachloroethylene; evaluates whether the key studies underlying the draft IRIS assessment are of requisite quality, reliability, and relevance to support the derivation of the reference values and cancer risks; evaluates whether the uncertainties in EPA's risk assessment were adequately described and, where possible, quantified; and identifies research that could reduce the uncertainty in the current understanding of human health effects associated with tetrachloroethylene exposure.

Author : R F. Phalen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1180818623

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Inhalation Studies:Foundations & Techniques by R F. Phalen Pdf

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Assessing Toxicologic Risks to Human Subjects Used in Controlled Exposure Studies of Environmental Pollutants
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2017-05-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309452496

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Controlled Human Inhalation-Exposure Studies at EPA by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Assessing Toxicologic Risks to Human Subjects Used in Controlled Exposure Studies of Environmental Pollutants Pdf

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a mission and regulatory responsibility to protect human health and the environment. EPA's pursuit of that goal includes a variety of research activities involving human subjects, such as epidemiologic studies and surveys. Those research activities also involve studies of individuals who volunteer to be exposed to air pollutants intentionally in controlled laboratory settings so that measurements can be made of transient and reversible biomarker or physiologic responses to those exposures that can indicate pathways of toxicity and mechanisms of air-pollution responses. The results of those controlled human inhalation exposure (CHIE) studies, also referred to as human clinical studies or human challenge studies, are used to inform policy decisions and help establish or revise standards to protect public health and improve air quality. Controlled Human Inhalation-Exposure Studies at EPA addresses scientific issues and provides guidance on the conduct of CHIE studies. This report assesses the utility of CHIE studies to inform and reduce uncertainties in setting air-pollution standards to protect public health and assess whether continuation of such studies is warranted. It also evaluates the potential health risks to test subjects who participated in recent studies of air pollutants at EPA's clinical research facility.

Author : United States. Food and Drug Administration,Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Aerosols
ISBN : UCSD:31822017133745

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Inhalation Toxicology Studies of Aerosolized Products : Final Report by United States. Food and Drug Administration,Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute Pdf