Interpreting Straw Man Argumentation

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Interpreting Straw Man Argumentation

Fabrizio Macagno,Douglas Walton
Interpreting Straw Man Argumentation Book PDF

Author : Fabrizio Macagno,Douglas Walton
Publisher : Springer
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2017-09-06
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783319625454

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Interpreting Straw Man Argumentation by Fabrizio Macagno,Douglas Walton Pdf

This book shows how research in linguistic pragmatics, philosophy of language, and rhetoric can be connected through argumentation to analyze a recognizably common strategy used in political and everyday conversation, namely the distortion of another’s words in an argumentative exchange. Straw man argumentation refers to the modification of a position by misquoting, misreporting or wrenching the original speaker’s statements from their context in order to attack them more easily or more effectively. Through 63 examples taken from different contexts (including political and forensic discourses and dialogs) and 20 legal cases, the book analyzes the explicit and implicit types of straw man, shows how to assess the correctness of a quote or a report, and illustrates the arguments that can be used for supporting an interpretation and defending against a distortion. The tools of argumentation theory, a discipline aimed at investigating the uses of arguments by combining insights from pragmatics, logic, and communication, are applied to provide an original account of interpretation and reporting, and to describe and illustrate tactics and procedures that can be used and implemented for practical purposes.. This book will appeal to scholars in the fields of political communication, communication in general, argumentation theory, rhetoric and pragmatics, as well as to people working in public speech, speech writing, and discourse analysis.

Straw Man Arguments

Scott Aikin,John Casey
Straw Man Arguments Book PDF

Author : Scott Aikin,John Casey
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2022-02-10
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781350065017

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Straw Man Arguments by Scott Aikin,John Casey Pdf

This book analyses the straw man fallacy and its deployment in philosophical reasoning. While commonly invoked in both academic dialogue and public discourse, it has not until now received the attention it deserves as a rhetorical device. Scott Aikin and John Casey propose that straw manning essentially consists in expressing distorted representations of one's critical interlocutor. To this end, the straw man comprises three dialectical forms, and not only the one that is usually suggested: the straw man, the weak man and the hollow man. Moreover, they demonstrate that straw manning is unique among fallacies as it has no particular logical form in itself, because it is an instance of inappropriate meta-argument, or argument about arguments. They discuss the importance of the onlooking audience to the successful deployment of the straw man, reasoning that the existence of an audience complicates the dialectical boundaries of argument. Providing a lively, provocative and thorough analysis of the straw man fallacy, this book will appeal to postgraduates and researchers alike, working in a range of fields including fallacies, rhetoric, argumentation theory and informal logic.

Logically Fallacious

Bo Bennett
Logically Fallacious Book PDF

Author : Bo Bennett
Publisher : eBookIt.com
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2012-02-19
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781456607371

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Logically Fallacious by Bo Bennett Pdf

This book is a crash course in effective reasoning, meant to catapult you into a world where you start to see things how they really are, not how you think they are. The focus of this book is on logical fallacies, which loosely defined, are simply errors in reasoning. With the reading of each page, you can make significant improvements in the way you reason and make decisions. Logically Fallacious is one of the most comprehensive collections of logical fallacies with all original examples and easy to understand descriptions, perfect for educators, debaters, or anyone who wants to improve his or her reasoning skills. "Expose an irrational belief, keep a person rational for a day. Expose irrational thinking, keep a person rational for a lifetime." - Bo Bennett This 2021 Edition includes dozens of more logical fallacies with many updated examples.

Straw Man Arguments

Scott Aikin,John Casey
Straw Man Arguments Book PDF

Author : Scott Aikin,John Casey
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2022-02-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781350065024

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Straw Man Arguments by Scott Aikin,John Casey Pdf

This book analyses the straw man fallacy and its deployment in philosophical reasoning. While commonly invoked in both academic dialogue and public discourse, it has not until now received the attention it deserves as a rhetorical device. Scott Aikin and John Casey propose that straw manning essentially consists in expressing distorted representations of one's critical interlocutor. To this end, the straw man comprises three dialectical forms, and not only the one that is usually suggested: the straw man, the weak man and the hollow man. Moreover, they demonstrate that straw manning is unique among fallacies as it has no particular logical form in itself, because it is an instance of inappropriate meta-argument, or argument about arguments. They discuss the importance of the onlooking audience to the successful deployment of the straw man, reasoning that the existence of an audience complicates the dialectical boundaries of argument. Providing a lively, provocative and thorough analysis of the straw man fallacy, this book will appeal to postgraduates and researchers alike, working in a range of fields including fallacies, rhetoric, argumentation theory and informal logic.

Argumentation and Language — Linguistic, Cognitive and Discursive Explorations

Steve Oswald,Thierry Herman,Jérôme Jacquin
Argumentation and Language Linguistic Cognitive and Discursive Explorations Book PDF

Author : Steve Oswald,Thierry Herman,Jérôme Jacquin
Publisher : Springer
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2018-03-08
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783319739724

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Argumentation and Language — Linguistic, Cognitive and Discursive Explorations by Steve Oswald,Thierry Herman,Jérôme Jacquin Pdf

This volume focuses on the role language plays at all levels of the argumentation process. It explores the effects that specific linguistic choices may have in the production and the reception of arguments and in doing so, it moves beyond the first, necessary, descriptive stance provided by current literature on the topic. Each chapter provides an original take illuminating one or more of the following three issues: the range of linguistic resources language users draw on as they argue; how cognitive processes of meaning construction may influence argumentative practices; and which discursive devices can be used to fulfil a number of argumentative goals. The volume includes theoretical and empirical or applied stances, providing the reader both with state-of-the-art reflections on the relationship between argumentation and language, and with concrete examples of how this relationship plays out in naturally occurring argumentative practices, such as classroom interaction, and political, parliamentary or journalistic discourse. This is a very original, timely and welcome contribution to the study of argumentation conducted with the tools of the language sciences. The collection of papers relevantly tackles key linguistic, discursive and cognitive aspects of argumentative practices whose treatment is underrepresented in mainstream argumentation studies by offering new and exciting linguistically-grounded theoretical accounts. As such, the volume testifies both to the vigour of the linguistic current within the discipline and to the high standards of scholarly commitment and quality that the younger generation is pushing forward. Without question, this book marks an important milestone in the relationships between linguistics and argumentation theory. Christian Plantin, Professor Emeritus

Argumentation Schemes for Presumptive Reasoning

Douglas Walton
Argumentation Schemes for Presumptive Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Douglas Walton
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-05
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781136687051

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Argumentation Schemes for Presumptive Reasoning by Douglas Walton Pdf

Recent concerns with the evaluation of argumentation in informal logic and speech communication center around nondemonstrative arguments that lead to tentative or defeasible conclusions based on a balance of considerations. Such arguments do not appear to have structures of the kind traditionally identified with deductive and inductive reasoning, but are extremely common and are often called "plausible" or "presumptive," meaning that they are only provisionally acceptable even when they are correct. How is one to judge, by some clearly defined standard, whether such arguments are correct or not in a given instance? The answer lies in what are called argumentation schemes -- forms of argument (structures of inference) that enable one to identify and evaluate common types of argumentation in everyday discourse. This book identifies 25 argumentation schemes for presumptive reasoning and matches a set of critical questions to each. These two elements -- the scheme and the questions -- are then used to evaluate a given argument in a particular case in relation to a context of dialogue in which the argument occurred. In recent writings on argumentation, there is a good deal of stress placed on how important argumentation schemes are in any attempt to evaluate common arguments in everyday reasoning as correct or fallacious, acceptable or questionable. However, the problem is that the literature thus far has not produced a precise and user-friendly enough analysis of the structures of the argumentation schemes themselves, nor have any of the documented accounts been as helpful, accessible, or systematic as they could be, especially in relation to presumptive reasoning. This book solves the problem by presenting the most common presumptive schemes in an orderly and clear way that makes them explicit and useful as precisely defined structures. As such, it will be an indispensable tool for researchers, students, and teachers in the areas of critical thinking, argumentation, speech communication, informal logic, and discourse analysis.

Acts of Arguing

Christopher W. Tindale
Acts of Arguing Book PDF

Author : Christopher W. Tindale
Publisher : SUNY Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1999-11-04
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0791443876

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Acts of Arguing by Christopher W. Tindale Pdf

Approaches recent innovations in argumentation theory from a primarily rhetorical perspective.

Further Advances in Pragmatics and Philosophy: Part 2 Theories and Applications

Alessandro Capone,Marco Carapezza,Franco Lo Piparo
Further Advances in Pragmatics and Philosophy Part 2 Theories and Applications Book PDF

Author : Alessandro Capone,Marco Carapezza,Franco Lo Piparo
Publisher : Springer
Page : 594 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2019-02-13
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783030009731

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Further Advances in Pragmatics and Philosophy: Part 2 Theories and Applications by Alessandro Capone,Marco Carapezza,Franco Lo Piparo Pdf

The two sections of this volume present theoretical developments and practical applicative papers respectively. Theoretical papers cover topics such as intercultural pragmatics, evolutionism, argumentation theory, pragmatics and law, the semantics/pragmatics debate, slurs, and more. The applied papers focus on topics such as pragmatic disorders, mapping places of origin, stance-taking, societal pragmatics, and cultural linguistics. This is the second volume of invited papers that were presented at the inaugural Pragmasofia conference in Palermo in 2016, and like its predecessor presents papers by well-known philosophers, linguists, and a semiotician. The papers present a wide variety of perspectives independent from any one school of thought.

Statutory Interpretation

Douglas Walton,Fabrizio Macagno,Giovanni Sartor
Statutory Interpretation Book PDF

Author : Douglas Walton,Fabrizio Macagno,Giovanni Sartor
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2021-01-21
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781108429344

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Statutory Interpretation by Douglas Walton,Fabrizio Macagno,Giovanni Sartor Pdf

Combining pragmatics, dialectics, analytics, and legal theory, this work translates interpretative canons into patterns of natural argument.

Interpreting Plato Socratically

J. Angelo Corlett
Interpreting Plato Socratically Book PDF

Author : J. Angelo Corlett
Publisher : Springer
Page : 243 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2018-04-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319773209

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Interpreting Plato Socratically by J. Angelo Corlett Pdf

J. Angelo Corlett’s new book, Interpreting Plato Socratically continues the critical discussion of the Platonic Question where Corlett’s book, Interpreting Plato’s Dialogues concluded. New arguments in favor of the Mouthpiece Interpretation of Plato’s works are considered and shown to be fallacious, as are new objections to some competing approaches to Plato’s works. The Platonic Question is the problem of how to approach and interpret Plato’s writings most of which are dialogues. How, if at all, can Plato’s beliefs, doctrines, theories and such be extracted from dialogues where there is no direct indication from Plato that his own views are even to be found therein? Most philosophers of Plato attempt to decipher from Plato’s texts seemingly all manner of ideas expressed by Socrates which they then attribute to Plato. They seek to ascribe to Plato particular views about justice, art, love, virtue, knowledge, and the like because, they believe, Socrates is Plato’s mouthpiece through the dialogues. But is such an approach justified? What are the arguments in favor of such an approach? Is there a viable alternative approach to Plato’s dialogues? In this rigorous account of the dominant approach to Plato’s dialogues, there is no room left for reasonable doubt about the problematic reasons given for the notion that Plato’s dialogues reveal either Plato’s or Socrates’ beliefs, doctrines or theories about substantive philosophical matters. Corlett’s approach to Plato’s dialogues is applied to a variety of passages throughout Plato’s works on a wide range of topics concerning justice. In-depth discussions of themes such as legal obligation, punishment and compensatory justice are clarified and with some surprising results. Plato’s works serve as a rich source of philosophical thinking about such matters. A central question in today’s Platonic studies is whether Socrates, or any other protagonist in the dialogues, presents views that the author wanted to assert or defend. Professor Corlett offers a detailed defense of his view that the role of Socrates is to raise questions rather than to provide the author’s answers to them. This defense is timely as intellectual historians consider the part played by Academic scholars centuries after Plato in systematizing Platonism. J. J. Mulhern, University of Pennsylvania

An Illustrated Book of Bad Arguments: Learn the Lost Art of Making Sense (Bad Arguments)

Ali Almossawi
An Illustrated Book of Bad Arguments Learn the Lost Art of Making Sense Bad Arguments Book PDF

Author : Ali Almossawi
Publisher : The Experiment, LLC
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2014-09-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781615192267

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An Illustrated Book of Bad Arguments: Learn the Lost Art of Making Sense (Bad Arguments) by Ali Almossawi Pdf

“This short book makes you smarter than 99% of the population. . . . The concepts within it will increase your company’s ‘organizational intelligence.’. . . It’s more than just a must-read, it’s a ‘have-to-read-or-you’re-fired’ book.”—Geoffrey James, INC.com From the author of An Illustrated Book of Loaded Language, here’s the antidote to fuzzy thinking, with furry animals! Have you read (or stumbled into) one too many irrational online debates? Ali Almossawi certainly had, so he wrote An Illustrated Book of Bad Arguments! This handy guide is here to bring the internet age a much-needed dose of old-school logic (really old-school, a la Aristotle). Here are cogent explanations of the straw man fallacy, the slippery slope argument, the ad hominem attack, and other common attempts at reasoning that actually fall short—plus a beautifully drawn menagerie of animals who (adorably) commit every logical faux pas. Rabbit thinks a strange light in the sky must be a UFO because no one can prove otherwise (the appeal to ignorance). And Lion doesn’t believe that gas emissions harm the planet because, if that were true, he wouldn’t like the result (the argument from consequences). Once you learn to recognize these abuses of reason, they start to crop up everywhere from congressional debate to YouTube comments—which makes this geek-chic book a must for anyone in the habit of holding opinions.

Conspiracy Theory Discourses

Massimiliano Demata,Virginia Zorzi,Angela Zottola
Conspiracy Theory Discourses Book PDF

Author : Massimiliano Demata,Virginia Zorzi,Angela Zottola
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
Page : 521 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2022-11-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027256959

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Conspiracy Theory Discourses by Massimiliano Demata,Virginia Zorzi,Angela Zottola Pdf

Conspiracy Theory Discourses addresses a crucial phenomenon in the current political and communicative context: conspiracy theories. The social impact of conspiracy theories is wide-ranging and their influence on the political life of many nations is increasing. Conspiracy Theory Discourses bridges an important gap by bringing discourse-based insights to existing knowledge about conspiracy theories, which has so far developed in research areas other than Linguistics and Discourse Studies. The chapters in this volume call attention to conspiracist discourses as deeply ingrained ways to interpret reality and construct social identities. They are based on multiple, partly overlapping analytical frameworks, including Critical Discourse Analysis, rhetoric, metaphor studies, multimodality, and corpus-based, quali-quantitative approaches. These approaches are an entry point to further explore the environments which enable the proliferation of conspiracy theories, and the paramount role of discourse in furthering conspiracist interpretations of reality.

unSpun

Brooks Jackson,Kathleen Hall Jamieson
unSpun Book PDF

Author : Brooks Jackson,Kathleen Hall Jamieson
Publisher : Random House
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2007-04-24
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781588365828

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unSpun by Brooks Jackson,Kathleen Hall Jamieson Pdf

The founders of FactCheck.org teach you how to identify and debunk spin, hype, and fake news in this essential guide to informed citizenship in an age of misinformation. Americans are bombarded daily with mixed messages, half-truths, misleading statements, and out-and-out fabrications masquerading as facts. The news media is often too intimidated, too partisan, or too overworked to keep up with these deceptions. unSpun is the secret decoder ring for the twenty-first-century world of disinformation. Written by Brooks Jackson and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, the founders of the acclaimed website FactCheck.org,unSpun reveals the secrets of separating facts from disinformation, such as: • the warning signs of spin • common tricks used to deceive the public • how to find trustworthy and objective sources of information Telling fact from fiction shouldn’t be a difficult task. With this book and a healthy dose of skepticism, anyone can cut through the haze of political deception and biased eportage to become a savvier, more responsible citizen. Praise for unSpun “Read this book and you will not go unarmed into the political wars ahead of us. Jackson and Jamieson equip us to be our own truth squad, and that just might be the salvation of democracy.” —Bill Moyers “The definitive B.S. detector—an absolutely invaluable guidebook.”—Mark Shields, syndicated columnist and political analyst, NewsHour with Jim Lehrer “unSpun is an essential guide to cutting through the political fog.”—Mara Liasson, NPR national political correspondent “The Internet may be a wildly effective means of communication and an invaluable source of knowledge, but it has also become a new virtual haven for scammers–financial, political, even personal. Better than anything written before, unSpun shows us how to recognize these scams and protect ourselves from them.”—Craig Newmark, founder and customer service representative, Craigslist

Custom and Reason in Hume

Henry E. Allison
Custom and Reason in Hume Book PDF

Author : Henry E. Allison
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2010-09-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191615528

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Custom and Reason in Hume by Henry E. Allison Pdf

Henry Allison examines the central tenets of Hume's epistemology and cognitive psychology, as contained in the Treatise of Human Nature. Allison takes a distinctive two-level approach. On the one hand, he considers Hume's thought in its own terms and historical context. So considered, Hume is viewed as a naturalist, whose project in the first three parts of the first book of the Treatise is to provide an account of the operation of the understanding in which reason is subordinated to custom and other non-rational propensities. Scepticism arises in the fourth part as a form of metascepticism, directed not against first-order beliefs, but against philosophical attempts to ground these beliefs in the "space of reasons." On the other hand, Allison provides a critique of these tenets from a Kantian perspective. This involves a comparison of the two thinkers on a range of issues, including space and time, causation, existence, induction, and the self. In each case, the issue is seen to turn on a contrast between their underlying models of cognition. Hume is committed to a version of the perceptual model, according to which the paradigm of knowledge is a seeing with the "mind's eye" of the relation between mental contents. By contrast, Kant appeals to a discursive model in which the fundamental cognitive act is judgment, understood as the application of concepts to sensory data, Whereas regarded from the first point of view, Hume's account is deemed a major philosophical achievement, seen from the second it suffers from a failure to develop an adequate account of concepts and judgment.

The Quest for Argumentative Equivalence

Emanuele Brambilla
The Quest for Argumentative Equivalence Book PDF

Author : Emanuele Brambilla
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2020-02-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027261427

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The Quest for Argumentative Equivalence by Emanuele Brambilla Pdf

What are the implications of strategic manoeuvring for the activity of the simultaneous interpreter? This is the main question addressed in The Quest for Argumentative Equivalence. Based on the analysis of a multilingual comparable corpus named ARGO, the book investigates political argumentation with an eye to its reformulation by interpreters. After reporting and discussing a series of case studies illustrating interpreters’ problems in the political context, the study reconstructs the prototypical argumentative patterns used by Obama, Cameron, Sarkozy and Hollande not only in a hermeneutical perspective, but also considering interpreters’ need to reproduce them into a foreign language. Situated at the intersection of Argumentation Theory and Interpreting Studies, the book provides a contribution to the descriptive study of political argumentation, highlighting the presence of interpreters as a key contextual variable in political communication and deepening the study of the interlinguistic and translational implications of the act of arguing.