Introduction To Supercritical Fluids

Author : E. Kiran,Pablo G. Debenedetti,Cor J. Peters
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 602 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401139298

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Supercritical Fluids by E. Kiran,Pablo G. Debenedetti,Cor J. Peters Pdf

Supercritical fluids are neither gas nor liquid, but can be compressed gradually from low to high density and they are therefore interesting and important as tunable solvents and reaction media in the chemical process industry. By adjusting the density the properties of these fluids can be customised and manipulated for a given process - physical or chemical transformation. Separation and processing using supercritical solvents such as CO2 are currently on-line commercially in the food, essential oils and polymer industries. Many agencies and industries are considering the use of supercritical water for waste remediation. Supercritical fluid chromatography represents another, major analytical application. Significant advances have recently been made in materials processing, ranging from particle formation to the creation of porous materials. The chapters in this book provide tutorial accounts of topical areas centred around: (1) phase equilibria, thermodynamics and equations of state; (2) critical behaviour, crossover effects; (3) transport and interfacial properties; (4) molecular modelling, computer simulation; (5) reactions, spectroscopy; (6) phase separation kinetics; (7) extractions; (8) applications to polymers, pharmaceuticals, natural materials and chromatography; (9) process scale-up.

Author : Richard Smith Jr.,Hiroshi Inomata,Cor Peters
Publisher : Newnes
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2013-12-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080931302

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Introduction to Supercritical Fluids by Richard Smith Jr.,Hiroshi Inomata,Cor Peters Pdf

This text provides an introduction to supercritical fluids with easy-to-use Excel spreadsheets suitable for both specialized-discipline (chemistry or chemical engineering student) and mixed-discipline (engineering/economic student) classes. Each chapter contains worked examples, tip boxes and end-of-the-chapter problems and projects. Part I covers web-based chemical information resources, applications and simplified theory presented in a way that allows students of all disciplines to delve into the properties of supercritical fluids and to design energy, extraction and materials formation systems for real-world processes that use supercritical water or supercritical carbon dioxide. Part II takes a practical approach and addresses the thermodynamic framework, equations of state, fluid phase equilibria, heat and mass transfer, chemical equilibria and reaction kinetics of supercritical fluids. Spreadsheets are arranged as Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) functions and macros that are completely (source code) accessible for students who have interest in developing their own programs. Programming is not required to solve problems or to complete projects in the text. Property worksheets/spreadsheets that are easy to use in learning environments Worked examples with Excel VBA Worksheet functions allow users to design their own processes Fluid phase equilibria and chemical equilibria worksheets allow users to change conditions, study new solutes, co-solvents, chemical systems or reactions

Author : Richard Smith,Cor Peters,Hiroshi Inomata
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2013-12-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128076958

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Introduction to Supercritical Fluids by Richard Smith,Cor Peters,Hiroshi Inomata Pdf

Author : Gerd Brunner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662073803

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Gas Extraction by Gerd Brunner Pdf

Application of compressed gases as solvents has found widespread interest within the scientific community. Its processes have industrial applications. Gas Extraction deals with the possibilities of supercritical gases as solvents for separation processes. The volume combines physico-chemical aspects with chemical engineering methods. The text generalizes as far as possible, and treats examples in detail. Gas Extraction covers, for the first time, the subject in textbook form. Most of the examples provide new results that will be helpful for practicing scientists, engineers, and students who want to make use of the techniques.

Author : Richard Smith,Cor Peters,Hiroshi Inomata
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128076897

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Introduction to Supercritical Fluids by Richard Smith,Cor Peters,Hiroshi Inomata Pdf

Author : E. Kiran,Johanna M.H. Levelt Sengers
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 775 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401582957

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Supercritical Fluids by E. Kiran,Johanna M.H. Levelt Sengers Pdf

Supercritical fluids which are neither gas nor liquid, but can be compressed gradually from low to high density, are gaining increasing importance as tunable solvents and reaction media in the chemical process industry. By adjusting the pressure, or more strictly the density, the properties of these fluids are customized and manipulated for the particular process at hand, be it a physical transformation, such as separation or solvation, or a chemical transformation, such as a reaction or reactive extraction. Supercritical fluids, however, differ from both gases and liquids in many respects. In order to properly understand and describe their properties, it is necessary to know the implications of their nearness to criticality, to be aware of the complex types of phase separation (including solid phases) that occur when the components of the fluid mixture are very different from each other, and to develop theories that can cope with the large differences in molecular size and shape of the supercritical solvent and the solutes that are present.

Author : Bernd Wenclawiak
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642774744

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Analysis with Supercritical Fluids: Extraction and Chromatography by Bernd Wenclawiak Pdf

The use of supercritical fluids in analytical chemistry is still grow ing. More and more analysts are discovering the favorable advan tages for a number of applications. Especially supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has attracted a lot of interest in recent years due to its simplicity. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has become better established and the development of this technique has been accelerated by the many applications with capillary col umns which have been published in the literature. At first SFC equipment was based on instruments commonly used for liquid chromatography, and the first commercial in struments were derived from this technology. However, capillary columns can be much more easily interfaced to gas chromatogra phy equipment especially to the detectors commonly used for Oc. Many stationary phases both for packed micro columns and capillary columns have been designed for SFC purposes extending this technology to LC and OC. The most common fluid applied in SFC and SFE is carbon dioxide. The advantages of supercritical CO , such as having dif 2 fusivity like a gas and solvating power depending on temperature and pressure, are also valid for other fluids and modified fluids. Both properties are valuable for sample extraction and extraction selectivity.

Author : Vladimir Anikeev,Maohong Fan I
Publisher : Newnes
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2013-12-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780444626974

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Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications by Vladimir Anikeev,Maohong Fan I Pdf

Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications covers the fundamental principles involved in the preparation and characterization of supercritical fluids (SCFs) used in the energy production and other environmental applications. Energy production from diversified resources — including renewable materials — using clean processes can be accomplished using technologies like SCFs. This book is focused on critical issues scientists and engineers face in applying SCFs to energy production and environmental protection, the innovative solutions they have found, and the challenges they need to overcome. The book also covers the basics of sub- and supercritical fluids, like the thermodynamics of phase and chemical equilibria, mathematical modeling, and process calculations. A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist. At this state the compound demonstrates unique properties, which can be "fine-tuned," making them suitable as organic solvents in a range of industrial and laboratory processes. This volume enables readers to select the most appropriate medium for a specific situation. It helps instructors prepare course material for graduate and postgraduate courses in the area of chemistry, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering. And it helps professional engineers learn supercritical fluid-based technologies and use them in solving the increasingly challenging environmental issues. Relates theory, chemical characteristics, and properties of the particular supercritical fluid to its various applications Covers the fundamentals of supercritical fluids, like thermodynamics of phase and chemical equilibria, mathematical modeling, and process calculations Includes the most recent applications of supercritical fluids, including energy generation, materials synthesis, and environmental protection

Author : John R. Williams,Anthony A. Clifford
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2008-02-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781592590308

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Supercritical Fluid Methods and Protocols by John R. Williams,Anthony A. Clifford Pdf

Over the last 15 years, there has been renewed interest in supercritical fluids owing to their unique properties and relatively low environmental impact. Greatest attention has been given to the extraction and separation of organic compounds. Supercritical fluids have also been successfully used for particle production, as reaction media, and for the destruction of toxic waste. Supercritical carbon dioxide has been the most widely used supercritical fluid, mainly because it is cheap, relatively nontoxic, and has convenient critical values. Supercritical fluids have also been used on analytical and preparative scales for many biological and other applications. Many papers have been published on the use of supercritical fluids. However, few have acted as a detailed instruction manual for those wanting to use the techniques for the first time. We anticipate that this Methods in Biotechnology volume, Supercritical Fluid Methods and Protocols will s- isfy the need for such a book. Every chapter has been written by experienced workers and should, if closely followed, enable workers with some or no previous experience of supercritical fluids to conduct experiments successfully at the first attempt.

Author : Richard Smith,Cor Peters,Hiroshi Inomata
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2013-12-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128076941

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Introduction to Supercritical Fluids by Richard Smith,Cor Peters,Hiroshi Inomata Pdf

Author : Philip G. Jessop,Walter Leitner
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2008-07-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527613694

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Chemical Synthesis Using Supercritical Fluids by Philip G. Jessop,Walter Leitner Pdf

For 'better solutions' - this practical guide describes how to take advantage of supercritical fluids in chemical synthesis. Well-established in extractions and materials processing, supercritical fluids are becoming increasingly popular as media for modern chemical syntheses. Historically, the application of compressed gases has been restricted mainly to the production of bulk chemicals. In the last decade, however, research has turned to exploiting the unique properties of supercritical fluids for the synthesis of fine chemicals and specialized materials. Now that the necessary equipment is more readily available, the use of supercritical fluids should become more widespread in both laboratory and industrial scale syntheses. More than merely a concise introduction to the properties of supercritical fluids, here leading experts give a thorough, up-to-date account of chemistry in these alternative media. In-depth scientific commentary, detailed reaction protocols, descriptions of necessary equipment, and an outline of spectroscopic techniques add to the value of this handbook aimed at innovative synthetic chemists.

Author : Richard Smith,Cor Peters,Hiroshi Inomata
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-12-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128076910

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Introduction to Supercritical Fluids by Richard Smith,Cor Peters,Hiroshi Inomata Pdf

Author : Richard Smith,Cor Peters,Hiroshi Inomata
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2013-12-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128076873

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Introduction to Supercritical Fluids by Richard Smith,Cor Peters,Hiroshi Inomata Pdf

Author : Richard Smith,Cor Peters,Hiroshi Inomata
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2013-12-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128076927

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Introduction to Supercritical Fluids by Richard Smith,Cor Peters,Hiroshi Inomata Pdf

Author : Richard Smith,Cor Peters,Hiroshi Inomata
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128076866

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Introduction to Supercritical Fluids by Richard Smith,Cor Peters,Hiroshi Inomata Pdf