Supercritical Fluids

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Supercritical Fluids

E. Kiran,Pablo G. Debenedetti,Cor J. Peters
Supercritical Fluids Book PDF

Author : E. Kiran,Pablo G. Debenedetti,Cor J. Peters
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 602 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401139298

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Supercritical Fluids by E. Kiran,Pablo G. Debenedetti,Cor J. Peters Pdf

Supercritical fluids are neither gas nor liquid, but can be compressed gradually from low to high density and they are therefore interesting and important as tunable solvents and reaction media in the chemical process industry. By adjusting the density the properties of these fluids can be customised and manipulated for a given process - physical or chemical transformation. Separation and processing using supercritical solvents such as CO2 are currently on-line commercially in the food, essential oils and polymer industries. Many agencies and industries are considering the use of supercritical water for waste remediation. Supercritical fluid chromatography represents another, major analytical application. Significant advances have recently been made in materials processing, ranging from particle formation to the creation of porous materials. The chapters in this book provide tutorial accounts of topical areas centred around: (1) phase equilibria, thermodynamics and equations of state; (2) critical behaviour, crossover effects; (3) transport and interfacial properties; (4) molecular modelling, computer simulation; (5) reactions, spectroscopy; (6) phase separation kinetics; (7) extractions; (8) applications to polymers, pharmaceuticals, natural materials and chromatography; (9) process scale-up.

Applications of Supercritical Fluids in Industrial Analysis

J.R. Dean
Applications of Supercritical Fluids in Industrial Analysis Book PDF

Author : J.R. Dean
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401121460

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Applications of Supercritical Fluids in Industrial Analysis by J.R. Dean Pdf

The continued search for rapid, efficient and cost-effective means of analytical measurement has introduced supercritical fluids into the field of analytical chemistry. Two areas are common: supercritical fluid chroma tography and supercritical fluid extraction. Both seek to exploit the unique properties of a gas at temperatures and pressures above the critical point. The most common supercritical fluid is carbon dioxide, employed because of its low critical temperature (31 °C), inertness, purity, non-toxicity and cheapness. Alternative supercritical fluids are also used and often in conjunction with modifiers. The combined gas-like mass transfer and liquid-like solvating characteristics have been used for improved chroma tographic separation and faster sample preparation. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is complementary to gas chro matography ( GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), providing higher efficiency than HPLC, together with the ability to analyse thermally labile and high molecular weight analytes. Both packed and open tubular columns can be employed, providing the capability to analyse a wide range of sample types. In addition, flame ionization detection can be used, thus providing 'universal' detection.

Handbook on Supercritical Fluids

Jane Osborne
Handbook on Supercritical Fluids Book PDF

Author : Jane Osborne
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Fluids
ISBN : 1633219305

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Handbook on Supercritical Fluids by Jane Osborne Pdf

Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) possesses both gas-like and liquid-like properties. It is capable of depositing nanoparticles in small structures and poorly wettable substrates. Deposition and array formation of metal and metal sulphide nanoparticles on various substrates using sc-CO2 as a medium has been a subject of considerable interest for researchers in nanomaterials area in recent years. This handbook begins by exploring nanoparticle deposition using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide. Further topics in this handbook include separation of oils using supercritical carbon dioxide; the application of an integrated supercritical extraction and impregnation process for incorporation of thyme extracts into different carriers; supercritical fluid extraction application on dairy products and by-products; and supercritical fluid technology applications in pharmaceutical drug formulations.

Supercritical Fluids

E. Kiran,Johanna M.H. Levelt Sengers
Supercritical Fluids Book PDF

Author : E. Kiran,Johanna M.H. Levelt Sengers
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 775 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401582957

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Supercritical Fluids by E. Kiran,Johanna M.H. Levelt Sengers Pdf

Supercritical fluids which are neither gas nor liquid, but can be compressed gradually from low to high density, are gaining increasing importance as tunable solvents and reaction media in the chemical process industry. By adjusting the pressure, or more strictly the density, the properties of these fluids are customized and manipulated for the particular process at hand, be it a physical transformation, such as separation or solvation, or a chemical transformation, such as a reaction or reactive extraction. Supercritical fluids, however, differ from both gases and liquids in many respects. In order to properly understand and describe their properties, it is necessary to know the implications of their nearness to criticality, to be aware of the complex types of phase separation (including solid phases) that occur when the components of the fluid mixture are very different from each other, and to develop theories that can cope with the large differences in molecular size and shape of the supercritical solvent and the solutes that are present.

Handbook of Research on Advancements in Supercritical Fluids Applications for Sustainable Energy Systems

Chen, Lin
Handbook of Research on Advancements in Supercritical Fluids Applications for Sustainable Energy Systems Book PDF

Author : Chen, Lin
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 821 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2020-08-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781799857983

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Handbook of Research on Advancements in Supercritical Fluids Applications for Sustainable Energy Systems by Chen, Lin Pdf

Supercritical fluids are increasingly being used in energy conversion and fluid dynamics studies for energy-related systems and applications. These new applications are contributing to both the increase of energy efficiency as well as greenhouse gas reduction. Such research is critical for scientific advancement and industrial innovations that can support environmentally friendly strategies for sustainable energy systems. The Handbook of Research on Advancements in Supercritical Fluids Applications for Sustainable Energy Systems is a comprehensive two-volume reference that covers the most recent and challenging issues and outlooks for the applications and innovations of supercritical fluids. The book first converts basic thermo-dynamic behaviors and “abnormal” properties from a thermophysical aspect, then basic heat transfer and flow properties, recent new findings of its physical aspect and indications, chemical engineering properties, micro-nano-scale phenomena, and transient behaviors in fast and critical environments. It is ideal for engineers, energy companies, environmentalists, researchers, academicians, and students studying supercritical fluids and their applications for creating sustainable energy systems.

Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications

Vladimir Anikeev,Maohong Fan I
Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications Book PDF

Author : Vladimir Anikeev,Maohong Fan I
Publisher : Newnes
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-12-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780444626974

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Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications by Vladimir Anikeev,Maohong Fan I Pdf

Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications covers the fundamental principles involved in the preparation and characterization of supercritical fluids (SCFs) used in the energy production and other environmental applications. Energy production from diversified resources — including renewable materials — using clean processes can be accomplished using technologies like SCFs. This book is focused on critical issues scientists and engineers face in applying SCFs to energy production and environmental protection, the innovative solutions they have found, and the challenges they need to overcome. The book also covers the basics of sub- and supercritical fluids, like the thermodynamics of phase and chemical equilibria, mathematical modeling, and process calculations. A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist. At this state the compound demonstrates unique properties, which can be "fine-tuned," making them suitable as organic solvents in a range of industrial and laboratory processes. This volume enables readers to select the most appropriate medium for a specific situation. It helps instructors prepare course material for graduate and postgraduate courses in the area of chemistry, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering. And it helps professional engineers learn supercritical fluid-based technologies and use them in solving the increasingly challenging environmental issues. Relates theory, chemical characteristics, and properties of the particular supercritical fluid to its various applications Covers the fundamentals of supercritical fluids, like thermodynamics of phase and chemical equilibria, mathematical modeling, and process calculations Includes the most recent applications of supercritical fluids, including energy generation, materials synthesis, and environmental protection

Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Mark McHugh,Val Krukonis
Supercritical Fluid Extraction Book PDF

Author : Mark McHugh,Val Krukonis
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 608 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080518176

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Supercritical Fluid Extraction by Mark McHugh,Val Krukonis Pdf

Supercritical Fluid Extraction is a technique in which CO2 is used under extremely high pressure to separate solution (e.g., removing caffeine from coffee). Separations is basic to all process industries and supercritical fluid extraction is a specific type which is receiving a high level of attention. The book will combine basic fundamentals with industrial applications. The second edition has been expanded and updated and includes new chapters on chromatography and food processing. "...this is an excellent book which is both instructive and amusing to read. Its true value is neatly summarised in one of the closing sentences: 'We have supplied you with the guidelines and criteria which you can now apply when considering supercritical fluids for your own needs.'' - Chemistry in Britain, February 1995

Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Jason Lindy
Supercritical Fluid Extraction Book PDF

Author : Jason Lindy
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2014-01-12
Category : Supercritical fluid extraction
ISBN : 1634633105

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Supercritical Fluid Extraction by Jason Lindy Pdf

The technology of application of fluids in the supercritical state is a viable option and a high quality scientific method for obtaining materials, insulation, and extractions among other situations in which it may be applied yielding a high quality material. Due to its wide range of application, it has been extensively used to investigate different raw materials focusing on obtaining high quality products and applicability in various industrial segments. Its use has been mentioned in several studies as a high-quality and efficient technology for obtaining high-value added products. This book discusses the technology used in supercritical fluid extraction, as well as its applications and limitations.

Introduction to Supercritical Fluids

Richard Smith Jr.,Hiroshi Inomata,Cor Peters
Introduction to Supercritical Fluids Book PDF

Author : Richard Smith Jr.,Hiroshi Inomata,Cor Peters
Publisher : Newnes
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080931302

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Introduction to Supercritical Fluids by Richard Smith Jr.,Hiroshi Inomata,Cor Peters Pdf

This text provides an introduction to supercritical fluids with easy-to-use Excel spreadsheets suitable for both specialized-discipline (chemistry or chemical engineering student) and mixed-discipline (engineering/economic student) classes. Each chapter contains worked examples, tip boxes and end-of-the-chapter problems and projects. Part I covers web-based chemical information resources, applications and simplified theory presented in a way that allows students of all disciplines to delve into the properties of supercritical fluids and to design energy, extraction and materials formation systems for real-world processes that use supercritical water or supercritical carbon dioxide. Part II takes a practical approach and addresses the thermodynamic framework, equations of state, fluid phase equilibria, heat and mass transfer, chemical equilibria and reaction kinetics of supercritical fluids. Spreadsheets are arranged as Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) functions and macros that are completely (source code) accessible for students who have interest in developing their own programs. Programming is not required to solve problems or to complete projects in the text. Property worksheets/spreadsheets that are easy to use in learning environments Worked examples with Excel VBA Worksheet functions allow users to design their own processes Fluid phase equilibria and chemical equilibria worksheets allow users to change conditions, study new solutes, co-solvents, chemical systems or reactions

The Liquid and Supercritical Fluid States of Matter

John E. Proctor
The Liquid and Supercritical Fluid States of Matter Book PDF

Author : John E. Proctor
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2020-09-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780429957918

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The Liquid and Supercritical Fluid States of Matter by John E. Proctor Pdf

This book addresses graduate students and researchers wishing to better understand the liquid and supercritical fluid states of matter, presenting a single cohesive treatment of the liquid and supercritical fluid states using the gas-like and solid-like approaches. Bringing this information together into one comprehensive text, this book outlines how our understanding of the liquid and supercritical fluid states is applied and explores the use of supercritical fluids in daily life and in research, for example in power generation, and their existence in planetary interiors. Presents a single coherent treatment of the key knowledge about the liquid and supercritical fluid states Provides comprehensive survey of key fluid properties from the latest experiments and applies our theoretical knowledge to understand the behaviour of these real fluids Explores the consequences of recent advances in the field on our understanding in industry, nature, and in interdisciplinary research, including planetary science

Advanced Applications of Supercritical Fluids in Energy Systems

Chen, Lin,Iwamoto, Yuhiro
Advanced Applications of Supercritical Fluids in Energy Systems Book PDF

Author : Chen, Lin,Iwamoto, Yuhiro
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 682 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2017-03-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781522520481

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Advanced Applications of Supercritical Fluids in Energy Systems by Chen, Lin,Iwamoto, Yuhiro Pdf

Supercritical fluids have been utilized for numerous scientific advancements and industrial innovations. As the concern for environmental sustainability grows, these fluids have been increasingly used for energy efficiency purposes. Advanced Applications of Supercritical Fluids in Energy Systems is a pivotal reference source for the latest academic material on the integration of supercritical fluids into contemporary energy-related applications. Highlighting innovative discussions on topics such as renewable energy, fluid dynamics, and heat and mass transfer, this book is ideally designed for researchers, academics, professionals, graduate students, and practitioners interested in the latest trends in energy conversion.

Foaming with Supercritical Fluids

Ernesto Di Maio,Salvatore Iannace,Giuseppe Mensitieri
Foaming with Supercritical Fluids Book PDF

Author : Ernesto Di Maio,Salvatore Iannace,Giuseppe Mensitieri
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2021-11-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444637369

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Foaming with Supercritical Fluids by Ernesto Di Maio,Salvatore Iannace,Giuseppe Mensitieri Pdf

Foaming with Supercritical Fluids, Volume Nine provides a comprehensive description of the use of supercritical fluids as blowing agents in polymer foaming. To this aim, the fundamental issues on which the proper design and control of this process are rooted are discussed in detail, with specific attention devoted to the theoretical and experimental aspects of sorption thermodynamics of a blowing agent within a polymer, the effect of the absorbed blowing agent on the thermal, interfacial and rheological properties of the expanding matter, and the phase separation of the gaseous phase, and of the related bubble nucleation and growth phenomena. Several foaming technologies based on the use of supercritical blowing agents are then described, addressing the main issues in the light of the underlying chemical-physical phenomena. Offers strong fundamentals on polymer properties important on foaming Outlines the use of supercritical fluids for foaming Covers theoretical points-of-view, including foam formation of the polymer/gas solution to the setting of the final foam Discusses the several processing technologies and applications

Chemical Synthesis Using Supercritical Fluids

Philip G. Jessop,Walter Leitner
Chemical Synthesis Using Supercritical Fluids Book PDF

Author : Philip G. Jessop,Walter Leitner
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2008-07-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527613694

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Chemical Synthesis Using Supercritical Fluids by Philip G. Jessop,Walter Leitner Pdf

For 'better solutions' - this practical guide describes how to take advantage of supercritical fluids in chemical synthesis. Well-established in extractions and materials processing, supercritical fluids are becoming increasingly popular as media for modern chemical syntheses. Historically, the application of compressed gases has been restricted mainly to the production of bulk chemicals. In the last decade, however, research has turned to exploiting the unique properties of supercritical fluids for the synthesis of fine chemicals and specialized materials. Now that the necessary equipment is more readily available, the use of supercritical fluids should become more widespread in both laboratory and industrial scale syntheses. More than merely a concise introduction to the properties of supercritical fluids, here leading experts give a thorough, up-to-date account of chemistry in these alternative media. In-depth scientific commentary, detailed reaction protocols, descriptions of necessary equipment, and an outline of spectroscopic techniques add to the value of this handbook aimed at innovative synthetic chemists.

Analysis with Supercritical Fluids: Extraction and Chromatography

Bernd Wenclawiak
Analysis with Supercritical Fluids Extraction and Chromatography Book PDF

Author : Bernd Wenclawiak
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642774744

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Analysis with Supercritical Fluids: Extraction and Chromatography by Bernd Wenclawiak Pdf

The use of supercritical fluids in analytical chemistry is still grow ing. More and more analysts are discovering the favorable advan tages for a number of applications. Especially supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has attracted a lot of interest in recent years due to its simplicity. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has become better established and the development of this technique has been accelerated by the many applications with capillary col umns which have been published in the literature. At first SFC equipment was based on instruments commonly used for liquid chromatography, and the first commercial in struments were derived from this technology. However, capillary columns can be much more easily interfaced to gas chromatogra phy equipment especially to the detectors commonly used for Oc. Many stationary phases both for packed micro columns and capillary columns have been designed for SFC purposes extending this technology to LC and OC. The most common fluid applied in SFC and SFE is carbon dioxide. The advantages of supercritical CO , such as having dif 2 fusivity like a gas and solvating power depending on temperature and pressure, are also valid for other fluids and modified fluids. Both properties are valuable for sample extraction and extraction selectivity.

Supercritical Fluids

T. Sako
Supercritical Fluids Book PDF

Author : T. Sako
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 478 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Science
ISBN : 3540412484

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Supercritical Fluids by T. Sako Pdf

The potential of supercritical fluid methods is presented in a comprehensive way. On the basis of a careful discussion of physical and chemical principles, the application of this method in process technology is demonstrated.