Is Technology Widening The Gender Gap Automation And The Future Of Female Employment

Author : Mariya Brussevich,Ms.Era Dabla-Norris,Salma Khalid
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781498303743

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Is Technology Widening the Gender Gap? Automation and the Future of Female Employment by Mariya Brussevich,Ms.Era Dabla-Norris,Salma Khalid Pdf

Using individual level data on task composition at work for 30 advanced and emerging economies, we find that women, on average, perform more routine tasks than men?tasks that are more prone to automation. To quantify the impact on jobs, we relate data on task composition at work to occupation level estimates of probability of automation, controlling for a rich set of individual characteristics (e.g., education, age, literacy and numeracy skills). Our results indicate that female workers are at a significantly higher risk for displacement by automation than male workers, with 11 percent of the female workforce at high risk of being automated given the current state of technology, albeit with significant cross-country heterogeneity. The probability of automation is lower for younger cohorts of women, and for those in managerial positions.

Author : Mariya Brussevich,Ms.Era Dabla-Norris,Christine Kamunge,Pooja Karnane,Salma Khalid,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484379783

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Gender, Technology, and the Future of Work by Mariya Brussevich,Ms.Era Dabla-Norris,Christine Kamunge,Pooja Karnane,Salma Khalid,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar Pdf

New technologies?digitalization, artificial intelligence, and machine learning?are changing the way work gets done at an unprecedented rate. Helping people adapt to a fast-changing world of work and ameliorating its deleterious impacts will be the defining challenge of our time. What are the gender implications of this changing nature of work? How vulnerable are women’s jobs to risk of displacement by technology? What policies are needed to ensure that technological change supports a closing, and not a widening, of gender gaps? This SDN finds that women, on average, perform more routine tasks than men across all sectors and occupations?tasks that are most prone to automation. Given the current state of technology, we estimate that 26 million female jobs in 30 countries (28 OECD member countries, Cyprus, and Singapore) are at a high risk of being displaced by technology (i.e., facing higher than 70 percent likelihood of being automated) within the next two decades. Female workers face a higher risk of automation compared to male workers (11 percent of the female workforce, relative to 9 percent of the male workforce), albeit with significant heterogeneity across sectors and countries. Less well-educated and older female workers (aged 40 and above), as well as those in low-skill clerical, service, and sales positions are disproportionately exposed to automation. Extrapolating our results, we find that around 180 million female jobs are at high risk of being displaced globally. Policies are needed to endow women with required skills; close gender gaps in leadership positions; bridge digital gender divide (as ongoing digital transformation could confer greater flexibility in work, benefiting women); ease transitions for older and low-skilled female workers.

Author : Bala, Shashi,Singhal, Puja
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2022-01-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781799885962

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Gender Perspectives on Industry 4.0 and the Impact of Technology on Mainstreaming Female Employment by Bala, Shashi,Singhal, Puja Pdf

Almost all economies have, or are at least starting to, understand the significance of examining and mainstreaming gender issues in the world of work. Sociocultural evolution and various other factors have helped these developments, but there is still so much more work to be done. Technology has played a substantial role in decreasing the gender divide as more households than ever before have access to technology, and the revolution of access to information across most societies has become gender neutral and empowering. While technology can hold the potential to significantly expand the job market and open opportunities for all job seekers, questions surrounding automation and availability of jobs and the accessibility to secure the necessary qualifications and education needed to fill paid jobs rage on, especially when examining those who are typically marginalized. Gender Perspectives on Industry 4.0 and the Impact of Technology on Mainstreaming Female Employment discusses gender perspective and its impact on the fourth industrial revolution, particularly in the realm of employment structure, and analyzes the impact of technology on mainstreaming women in paid employment. In the present environment, organizations are beginning to realize the importance of looking more critically at their workforce and structure and how to better cater to the diversity, equity, and inclusion movement while also productively managing the advancement of new technologies. Covering topics such as sustainable development and the future of work, it is ideal for policymakers, practitioners, professionals, consultants, managers, researchers, academicians, educators, and students.

Author : Douglas M. Branson
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781479806041

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The Future of Tech Is Female by Douglas M. Branson Pdf

An accessible and timely guide to increasing female presence and leadership in tech companies Tech giants like Apple and Google are among the fastest growing companies in the world, leading innovations in design and development. The industry continues to see rapid growth, employing millions of people: in the US it is at the epicenter of the American economy. So why is it that only 5% of senior executives in the tech industry are female? Underrepresentation of women on boards of directors, in the C-suite, and as senior managers remains pervasive in this industry. As tech companies are plagued with high-profile claims of harassment and discrimination, and salary discrepancies for comparable work, one asks what prevents women from reaching management roles, and, more importantly, what can be done to fix it? The Future of Tech is Female considers the paradoxes involved in women’s ascent to leadership roles, suggesting industry-wide solutions to combat gender inequality. Drawing upon 15 years of experience in the field, Douglas M. Branson traces the history of women in the information technology industry in order to identify solutions for the issues facing women today. Branson explores a variety of solutions such as mandatory quota laws for female employment, pledge programs, and limitations on the H1-B VISA program, and grapples with the challenges facing women in IT from a range of perspectives. Branson unpacks the plethora of reasons women should hold leadership roles, both in and out of this industry, concluding with a call to reform attitudes toward women in one particular IT branch, the video and computer gaming field, a gateway to many STEM futures. An invaluable resource for anyone invested in gender equality in corporate governance, The Future of Tech is Female lays out the first steps toward a more diverse future for women in tech leadership

Author : Mariya Brussevich,Ms.Era Dabla-Norris,Christine Kamunge,Pooja Karnane,Salma Khalid,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781484379769

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Gender, Technology, and the Future of Work by Mariya Brussevich,Ms.Era Dabla-Norris,Christine Kamunge,Pooja Karnane,Salma Khalid,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar Pdf

New technologies?digitalization, artificial intelligence, and machine learning?are changing the way work gets done at an unprecedented rate. Helping people adapt to a fast-changing world of work and ameliorating its deleterious impacts will be the defining challenge of our time. What are the gender implications of this changing nature of work? How vulnerable are women’s jobs to risk of displacement by technology? What policies are needed to ensure that technological change supports a closing, and not a widening, of gender gaps? This SDN finds that women, on average, perform more routine tasks than men across all sectors and occupations?tasks that are most prone to automation. Given the current state of technology, we estimate that 26 million female jobs in 30 countries (28 OECD member countries, Cyprus, and Singapore) are at a high risk of being displaced by technology (i.e., facing higher than 70 percent likelihood of being automated) within the next two decades. Female workers face a higher risk of automation compared to male workers (11 percent of the female workforce, relative to 9 percent of the male workforce), albeit with significant heterogeneity across sectors and countries. Less well-educated and older female workers (aged 40 and above), as well as those in low-skill clerical, service, and sales positions are disproportionately exposed to automation. Extrapolating our results, we find that around 180 million female jobs are at high risk of being displaced globally. Policies are needed to endow women with required skills; close gender gaps in leadership positions; bridge digital gender divide (as ongoing digital transformation could confer greater flexibility in work, benefiting women); ease transitions for older and low-skilled female workers.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Conferences and publishing limited
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2022-04-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781914587290

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ICGR 2022 5th International Conference on Gender Research by Anonim Pdf

Author : Luke Munn
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2022-04-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781503631434

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Automation Is a Myth by Luke Munn Pdf

For some, automation will usher in a labor-free utopia; for others, it signals a disastrous age-to-come. Yet whether seen as dream or nightmare, automation, argues Munn, is ultimately a fable that rests on a set of triple fictions. There is the myth of full autonomy, claiming that machines will take over production and supplant humans. But far from being self-acting, technical solutions are piecemeal; their support and maintenance reveals the immense human labor behind "autonomous" processes. There is the myth of universal automation, with technologies framed as a desituated force sweeping the globe. But this fiction ignores the social, cultural, and geographical forces that shape technologies at a local level. And, there is the myth of automating everyone, the generic figure of "the human" at the heart of automation claims. But labor is socially stratified and so automation's fallout will be highly uneven, falling heavier on some (immigrants, people of color, women) than others. Munn moves from machine minders in China to warehouse pickers in the United States to explore the ways that new technologies do (and don't) reconfigure labor. Combining this rich array of human stories with insights from media and cultural studies, Munn points to a more nuanced, localized, and racialized understanding of the "future of work."

Author : United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,OECD,Inter-American Development Bank
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2022-03-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789231005138

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The Effects of AI on the Working Lives of Women by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,OECD,Inter-American Development Bank Pdf

This report describes the challenges and opportunities presented by the use of emerging technology such as AI from a gender perspective. The report highlights the need for more focus and research on the impacts of AI on women and the digital gender gap, in order to ensure that women are not left behind in the future of work.

Author : Norbert F. Schneider,Michaela Kreyenfeld
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 479 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2021-06-25
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781788975544

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Research Handbook on the Sociology of the Family by Norbert F. Schneider,Michaela Kreyenfeld Pdf

Exploring how family life has radically changed in recent decades, this comprehensive Research Handbook tracks the latest developments and trends in scholarly work on the family. With a particular focus on the European context, it addresses current debates and offers insights into key topics including: the division of housework, family forms and living arrangements, intergenerational relationships, partner choice, divorce and fertility behaviour.

Author : Ms. Era Dabla-Norris,Carlo Pizzinelli,Jay Rappaport
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2022-02-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400202384

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Are Low-Skill Women Being Left Behind? Labor Market Evidence from the UK by Ms. Era Dabla-Norris,Carlo Pizzinelli,Jay Rappaport Pdf

Labor markets in the UK have been characterized by markedly widening wage inequality for lowskill (non-college) women, a trend that predates the pandemic. We examine the contribution of job polarization to this trend by estimating age, period, and cohort effects for the likelihood of employment in different occupations and the wages earned therein over 2001-2019. For recent generations of women, cohort effects indicate a higher likelihood of employment in low-paying manual jobs relative to high-paying abstract jobs. However, cohort effects also underpin falling wages for post-1980 cohorts across all occupations. We find that falling returns to labor rather than job polarization has been a key driver of rising inter-age wage inequality among low-skill females. Wage-level cohort effects underpin a nearly 10 percent fall in expected lifetime earnings for low-skill women born in 1990 relative to those born in 1970.

Author : Ata Can Bertay,Ljubica Dordevic,Can Sever
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2020-07-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781513546278

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Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence from Industry-Level Data by Ata Can Bertay,Ljubica Dordevic,Can Sever Pdf

We study whether higher gender equality facilitates economic growth by enabling better allocation of a valuable resource: female labor. By allocating female labor to its more productive use, we hypothesize that reducing gender inequality should disproportionately benefit industries with typically higher female share in their employment relative to other industries. Specifically, we exploit within-country variation across industries to test whether those that typically employ more women grow relatively faster in countries with ex-ante lower gender inequality. The test allows us to identify the causal effect of gender inequality on industry growth in value-added and labor productivity. Our findings show that gender inequality affects real economic outcomes.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 47 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9798400277177

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by Anonim Pdf

Author : Mariya Brussevich,Ms.Era Dabla-Norris,Salma Khalid
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513546285

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Who will Bear the Brunt of Lockdown Policies? Evidence from Tele-workability Measures Across Countries by Mariya Brussevich,Ms.Era Dabla-Norris,Salma Khalid Pdf

Lockdowns imposed around the world to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are having a differential impact on economic activity and jobs. This paper presents a new index of the feasibility to work from home to investigate what types of jobs are most at risk. We estimate that over 97.3 million workers, equivalent to about 15 percent of the workforce, are at high risk of layoffs and furlough across the 35 advanced and emerging countries in our sample. Workers least likely to work remotely tend to be young, without a college education, working for non-standard contracts, employed in smaller firms, and those at the bottom of the earnings distribution, suggesting that the pandemic could exacerbate inequality. Crosscountry heterogeneity in the ability to work remotely reflects differential access to and use of technology, sectoral mix, and labor market selection. Policies should account for demographic and distributional considerations both during the crisis and in its aftermath.

Author : United Nations Development Programme
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2020-05-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789210044981

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Informe Sobre Desarrollo Humano 2019 by United Nations Development Programme Pdf

Desigualdades del desarrollo humano constituyen un obstáculo crucial para hacer realidad la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible. No son únicamente disparidades en términos de ingreso y riqueza. Tampoco pueden explicarse utilizando únicamente medidas sintéticas de desigualdad centradas en una sola dimensión, y condicionarán las expectativas de aquellas personas que consigan vivir hasta el siglo XXII. El Informe explora las desigualdades del desarrollo humano más allá del ingreso, más allá de los promedios y más allá del presente. Se pregunta qué tipos de desigualdad son importantes y qué factores las provocan, reconociendo la necesidad de considerar las desigualdades perniciosas como un síntoma de la existencia de problemas más amplios en una sociedad y en una economía. También se plantea qué políticas pueden contribuir a hacer frente a esos factores y ayudar a las naciones a impulsar su crecimiento económico, mejorar su desarrollo humano y reducir las desigualdades.

Author : United Nations Development Programme
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2020-05-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789210044974

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Rapport sur le développement humain 2019 by United Nations Development Programme Pdf

Inégalités de développement humain constituent une entrave à la réalisation du Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030. Elles ne se résument pas à des écarts de revenus et de richesses, et l’on ne peut en rendre compte au moyen de simples indicateurs synthétiques unidimensionnels. Elles détermineront aussi les perspectives de ceux et celles qui seront peut-être encore vivants au XXIIe siècle. Le Rapport étudie les inégalités de développement humain en allant au-delà des revenus, des moyennes et du temps présent. Il s’interroge sur les formes d’inégalités qui comptent et leurs moteurs, reconnaissant que les inégalités pernicieuses sont généralement mieux perçues comme un symptôme de problèmes d’une plus grande ampleur dans une société ou une économie. Il cherche également à déterminer quelles politiques sont susceptibles de s’attaquer à ces moteurs – des politiques qui peuvent aider les pays à faire avancer leur économie tout en améliorant le développement humain et en réduisant les inégalités.