Issues In Urban Earthquake Risk

Author : B.E. Tucker,Mustafa Özder Erdik,Christina N. Hwang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401583381

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Issues in Urban Earthquake Risk by B.E. Tucker,Mustafa Özder Erdik,Christina N. Hwang Pdf

Urban seismic risk is growing worldwide and is, increasingly, a problem of developing countries. In 1950, one in four of the people living in the world's fifty largest cities was earthquake-threatened, while in the year 2000, about one in two will be. Further, ofthose people living in earthquake-threatened cities in 1950, about two in three were located in developing countries, while in the year 2000, about nine in ten will be. Unless urban seismic safety is improved, particularly in developing countries, future earthquakes will have ever more disastrous social and economic consequences. In July 1992, an international meeting was organized with the purpose of examining one means ofimproving worldwide urban safety. Entitled "Uses ofEarthquake Damage Scenarios for Cities of the 21st Century," this meeting was held in conjunction with the Tenth World Conference ofEarthquake Engineering, in Madrid, Spain. An earthquake damage scenario (EDS) is adescription of the consequences to an urban area of a large, but expectable earthquake on the critical facilities of that area. In Californian and Japanese cities, EDSes have been used for several decades, mainly for the needs of emergency response officials. The Madrid meeting examined uses of this technique for other purposes and in other, less developed countries. As a result of this meeting, it appeared that EDSes bad significant potential to improve urban seismic safety worldwide.

Author : Maria Bostenaru Dan,Iuliana Armas,Agostino Goretti
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2014-02-11
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9789400779815

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Earthquake Hazard Impact and Urban Planning by Maria Bostenaru Dan,Iuliana Armas,Agostino Goretti Pdf

​The classical field dealing with earthquakes is called “earthquake engineering” and considered to be a branch of structural engineering. In projects dealing with strategies for earthquake risk mitigation, urban planning approaches are often neglected. Today interventions are needed on a city, rather than a building, scale. This work deals with the impact of earthquakes, including also a broader view on multihazards in urban areas. Uniquely among other works in the field, particular importance is given to urban planning issues, in conservation of heritage and emergency management. Multicriteria decision making and broad participation of those affected by disasters are included.

Author : Ebru A. Gencer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-19
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783642294709

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The Interplay between Urban Development, Vulnerability, and Risk Management by Ebru A. Gencer Pdf

Natural disasters are increasingly affecting the world, taking lives unexpectedly and leaving many others injured and homeless. Moreover, disasters disrupt local, national and even global economies, instantly changing the direction of development. In the first half of 2011 alone, 108 natural disasters occurred, killing over 23 thousand people, affecting nearly 44 million others and causing more than 253 billion US dollars of economic damages (CRED 2011,1). Large urban settlements have become increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of natural disasters. The concentration of substandard infrastructure and housing, material assets, and inherent socio-economic inequalities increase vulnerability to disasters in large urban areas, especially in developing countries. The size, number, functions, and geographical distribution of large- and megacities create a special concern for disaster risk. Good urban management practices can be a powerful catalyst for reducing losses from natural disasters, while simultaneously helping to develop a sustainable environment. Yet, the existing situation indicates that sustainable planning and risk management measures are not taken into consideration or may not be put into practice for a variety of financial, political, and social reasons. This book argues that, on one hand, socio-economic disparities resulting from unsustainable urban development can increase vulnerability to natural hazards, and on the other hand, when paired with natural hazards this increased vulnerability can negatively affect urban areas, resulting in further inequality. This book will showcase this argument with theoretical reviews and quantitative analyses on the interplay between sustainable development and disaster vulnerability as well as an in-depth case study of the role of urban planning and risk management practices in creating the socio-economic and spatial vulnerabilities and predicted earthquake risk in the megacity of Istanbul.

Author : Simone Barani,Aybige Akinci,Karin Sesetyan,Dario Albarello,Philippe Gueguen,Stefano Parolai,Roberto Paolucci,Dimitris Pitilakis
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2022-11-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832507902

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New Challenges for Seismic Risk Mitigation in Urban Areas by Simone Barani,Aybige Akinci,Karin Sesetyan,Dario Albarello,Philippe Gueguen,Stefano Parolai,Roberto Paolucci,Dimitris Pitilakis Pdf

Author : Jörn H. Kruhl,Rameshwar Adhikari,Uwe E. Dorka
Publisher : Springer
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2017-11-07
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9783319680446

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Living Under the Threat of Earthquakes by Jörn H. Kruhl,Rameshwar Adhikari,Uwe E. Dorka Pdf

This book addresses earthquakes, with a special focus on the Ghorka earthquake, which struck parts of central Nepal in April 2015. Drawing on this disastrous event, it closely examines various aspects of earthquakes in contributions prepared by international experts. The topics covered include: the geological and geophysical background of seismicity; a detailed inventory of the damage done by the earthquake; effective damage prevention through earthquake-safe buildings and settlements; restoration options for world-heritage buildings; strategies for providing technical and medical relief and, lastly, questions associated with public life and economy in a high-risk seismic zone. Combining perspectives from various fields, the book presents the state of the art in all earthquake-related fields and outlines future approaches to risk identification, damage prevention, and disaster management in all parts of society, administration, and politics in Nepal. Beyond the specific disaster in Nepal, the findings presented here will have broader implications for how societies can best deal with disasters.

Author : Pamela S. Showalter,Yongmei Lu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2009-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789048122387

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Geospatial Techniques in Urban Hazard and Disaster Analysis by Pamela S. Showalter,Yongmei Lu Pdf

This book is the second in a series that examines how geographic information te- nologies (GIT) are being implemented to improve our understanding of a variety of hazard and disaster situations. The main types of technologies covered under the umbrella of GIT, as used in this volume, are geographic information systems, remote sensing (not including ground-penetrating or underwater systems), and global po- tioning systems. Our focus is on urban areas, broadly de ned in order to encompass rapidly growing and densely populated areas that may not be considered “urban” in the conventional sense. The material presented here is also unabashedly applied – our goal is to provide GIT tools to those seeking more ef cient ways to respond to, recover from, mitigate, prevent, and/or model hazard and disaster events in urban settings. Therefore, this book was created not only with our colleagues in the academic world in mind, but also for hazards professionals and practitioners. We also believe graduate students will nd the material presented here of interest, as may upper division undergraduate students.

Author : Pierre Filion,Gary Sands
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2016-03-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317166023

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Cities at Risk by Pierre Filion,Gary Sands Pdf

As levels of urbanization increase around the world, the growing concentrations of population and economic activity increases vulnerability to natural disasters. Interdependencies among urban populations mean that damage to the built environment, including water, sewer and energy infrastructure, can affect millions. Even if there is no change in the rate of occurrence of natural disasters (an unlikely prospect in the face of ongoing climate change) the potential for human and economic loss will continue to increase, along with the time required to recover. How do cities prepare for and recover from natural disasters? In this book, the authors provide a broad overview of the issues related to the impacts of disasters on cities around the world, from assessing risks to accounting for damages. The comparative approach across different types of disasters in a range of urban locations is useful in identifying opportunities for policy transfer. While there is no ’one size fits all’ solution to hazard mitigation, valuable lessons can be learned from the experiences of others. The chapters emphasize different modes for assessing hazard risk, as well as strategies for increasing the resiliency of vulnerable populations.

Author : Carlos Sousa Oliveira,Antoni Roca,Xavier Goula
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 561 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2007-12-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402036088

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Assessing and Managing Earthquake Risk by Carlos Sousa Oliveira,Antoni Roca,Xavier Goula Pdf

* Multidisciplinary approach of risk assessment and management, which can provide more efficient earthquake mitigation. * Transfer of Geo-scientific and engineering knowledge to Civil Protection and insurance agents * Approaches and common practices directly related to the preparation of earthquake emergency plans * Illustrated examples of actual applications, including web sites * Case-studies and information on relevant international projects

Author : F.Y. Cheng,M.-S. Sheu
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1995-07-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0080543464

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Urban Disaster Mitigation: The Role of Engineering and Technology by F.Y. Cheng,M.-S. Sheu Pdf

Great loss of human life, structural damage, and social and economic upheaval occur repeatedly due to such natural hazards as earthquakes, typhoons, hurricanes, landslides, floods and tsunamis. Both the US and Taiwan, along with many other countries, have a history of such occurrences and a common need to reduce their effects. This volume includes papers from the fourth symposium workshop, held jointly between the US and Taiwan to discuss research and its application to multiple hazard mitigation. The workshop, Urban Disaster Mitigation, The Role of Engineering and Technology, discussed lessons learned from recent natural disasters; assessed results of Taiwan's multiple hazards research program and potential application to the US; and proposed further studies on subjects of mutual concern. Topics include recent scientific findings obtained in various natural hazard areas and assessment of actual and potential damage from earthquakes, floods and landslides. Of particular importance are measures that can be taken to mitigate these hazards ranging from use of new algorithms for structural engineering to warning systems for a given region. At a time when natural disasters are widespread, engineers play a key role. Construction methods and building codes are changing; current knowledge shapes the direction of these changes. The research results presented in these proceedings will benefit both the academic and practicing communities around the world, strengthening the relationship between these two important parties.

Author : Juha I. Uitto,Jutta Schneider
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 55 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Disaster relief
ISBN : 9280809571

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Preparing for the Big One in Tokyo by Juha I. Uitto,Jutta Schneider Pdf

Author : Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 664 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Buildings
ISBN : UCSD:31822028503183

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Seventh U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering by Earthquake Engineering Research Institute Pdf

This is the twenty-ninth volume in the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute's series, Connections: The EERI Oral History Series. EERI began this series to preserve the recollections of some of those who have had pioneering careers in the field of earthquake engineering. Significant, even revolutionary, changes have occurred in earthquake engineering since individuals first began thinking in modern, scientific ways about how to protect construction and society from earthquakes. The Connections series helps document this important history. This volume in the EERI Oral History Series presents the life and career of Anil K. Chopra, Professor Emeritus in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley. After he graduated from college in India, he went to UC Berkeley to earn his Master's and PhD degrees, then taught at the University of Minnesota before returning to join the faculty of UC Berkeley for the next 47 years, retiring in 2016. The first class he was asked to teach at UC Berkeley was structural dynamics, a course which had been started by his mentors, Ray Clough and Joe Penzien. His work in that field resulted in a number of publications on a wide range of topics in earthquake engineering and structural dynamics. Chopra chaired the structural analysis committee of the project producing the influential ATC-3, Tentative Provisions for the Development of Seismic Regulations for Buildings, and he tells interesting stories about working with Nate Newmark, Emilio Rosenblueth, Henry Degenkolb, and others. His expertise in structural dynamics resulted in his being asked to write the EERI monograph on structural dynamics, Dynamics of Structures: A Primer, and later led to his very widely used university textbook, Dynamics of Structures: Theory and Application to Earthquake Engineering, now in its fifth edition. A major theme in Chopra's research is the seismic analysis and design of concrete dams. He and a number of PhD students developed procedures for earthquake analysis of concrete dams, and he has consulted on dozens of major projects around the world. In 2020 he published his comprehensive book on the subject, Earthquake Engineering for Concrete Dams: Analysis, Design, and Evaluation.

Author : Alper Ilki,Faruk Karadogan,Sumru Pala,Ercan Yuksel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2009-10-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789048126811

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Seismic Risk Assessment and Retrofitting by Alper Ilki,Faruk Karadogan,Sumru Pala,Ercan Yuksel Pdf

Many more people are coming to live in earthquake-prone areas, especially urban ones. Many such areas contain low-rise, low-cost housing, while little money is available to retrofit the buildings to avoid total collapse and thus potentially save lives. The lack of money, especially in developing countries, is exacerbated by difficulties with administration, implementation and public awareness. The future of modern earthquake engineering will come to be dominated by new kinds of measuring technologies, new materials developed especially for low-rise, low-cost buildings, simpler and thus lower cost options for retrofitting, cost cutting and raising public awareness. The book covers all the areas involved in this complex issue, from the prevention of total building collapse, through improvement techniques, to legal, financial, taxation and social issues. The contributors have all made valuable contributions in their own particular fields; all of them are or have been closely involved with the issues that can arise in seismic zones in any country. The recent research results published here offer invaluable pointers to practicing engineers and administrators, as well as other scientists whose work involves saving the lives and property of the many millions of people who live and work in hazardous buildings.

Author : Helene Joffe,Tiziana Rossetto,John Adams
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-27
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9789400761841

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Cities at Risk by Helene Joffe,Tiziana Rossetto,John Adams Pdf

With the major growth of the world’s population over the past century, as well as rapid urbanisation, people increasingly live in crowded cities. This trend is often accompanied by proliferation of poorly built housing, uncontrolled use of land, occupation of unsafe environments and overstretched services. When a natural hazard strikes such a city many people are vulnerable to loss of life and property. This book explores what these people think and feel about the threats that they face. How do they live with perils ranging from earthquakes to monsoons, from floods to hurricanes, in the 21st century? The authors are drawn from a large range of disciplines: Psychology, Engineering, Geography, Anthropology and Urban Planning. They also reflect on how perils are represented in multiple cultures: the United States, Japan, Turkey, Bangladesh, the United Kingdom and New Zealand. The book therefore not only brings to light the ways that different cultures represent natural hazards but also the different ways in which various disciplines write about living with perils in the 21st century. The book is addressed both to researchers and to organizations involved with risk management and risk mitigation.

Author : K. Pitilakis,P. Franchin,B. Khazai,H. Wenzel
Publisher : Springer
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2014-06-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401788359

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SYNER-G: Systemic Seismic Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of Complex Urban, Utility, Lifeline Systems and Critical Facilities by K. Pitilakis,P. Franchin,B. Khazai,H. Wenzel Pdf

SYNER-G, a multidisciplinary effort funded by the European Union, allowed the development of an innovative methodological framework for the assessment of physical as well as socio-economic seismic vulnerability and risk at urban and regional level. The results of SYNER-G are presented in two books both published by Springer, the present and a second one, entitled “SYNER-G: Typology Definition and Fragility Functions for Physical Elements at Seismic Risk: Buildings, Lifelines, Transportation Networks and Critical Facilities”(*), which provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art of the fragility curves, an alternative way to express physical vulnerability of elements at risk. In this second volume of SYNER-G, the focus has been on presenting a unified holistic methodology for assessing vulnerability at systems level considering interactions between elements at risk (physical and non-physical) and between different systems. The proposed methodology and tool encompasses in an integrated fashion all aspects in the chain, from hazard to the vulnerability assessment of components and systems and to the socio-economic impacts of an earthquake, accounting for most relevant uncertainties within an efficient quantitative simulation scheme. It systematically integrates the most advanced fragility functions to assess the vulnerability of physical assets for buildings, utility systems, transportation networks and complex infrastructures such as harbours and hospitals. The increasing impact due to interactions between different components and systems is treated in a comprehensive way, providing specifications for each network and infrastructure. The proposed socio-economic model integrates social vulnerability into the physical systems modelling approaches providing to decision makers with a dynamic platform to capture post disaster emergency issues like shelter demand and health impact decisions. Application examples at city and regional scale have provided the necessary validation of the methodology and are also included in the book. The present volume, with its companion volume on fragility functions, represent a significant step forward in the seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of complex interacting urban and regional systems and infrastructures. These volumes are not only of interest to scientists and engineers but also to the insurance industry, decision makers and practitioners in the sector of civil protection and seismic risk management. (*) Pitilakis K, Crowley E, Kaynia A (eds) (2014) SYNER-G: Typology definition and fragility functions for physical elements at seismic risk, Series: Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering 27, ISBN 978-94-007-7872-6, Springer Science+Business Media, Dordrecht.

Author : Rajib Shaw,Atta-ur-Rahman,Akhilesh Surjan,Gulsan Ara Parvin
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2016-01-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780128023778

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Urban Disasters and Resilience in Asia by Rajib Shaw,Atta-ur-Rahman,Akhilesh Surjan,Gulsan Ara Parvin Pdf

Urban Disasters and Resilience in Asia presents the latest information on the intensity and frequency of disasters. Specifically, the fact that, in urban areas, more than 50% of the world's population is living on just 2% of the land surface, with most of these cities located in Asia and developing countries that have high vulnerability and intensification. The book offers an in-depth and multidisciplinary approach to reducing the impact of disasters by examining specific evidence from events in these areas that can be used to develop best practices and increase urban resilience worldwide. As urban resilience is largely a function of resilient and resourceful citizens, building cities which are more resilient internally and externally can lead to more productive economic returns. In an era of rapid urbanization and increasing disaster risks and vulnerabilities in Asian cities, Urban Disasters and Resilience in Asia is an invaluable tool for policy makers, researchers, and practitioners working in both public and private sectors. Explores a broad range of aspects of disaster and urban resiliency, including environmental, economic, architectural, and engineering factors Bridges the gap between urban resilience and rural areas and community building Provides evidence-based data that can lead to improved disaster resiliency in urban Asia Focuses on Asian cities, some of the most densely populated areas on the planet, where disasters are particularly devastating