Judging Merit

Author : Warren Thorngate,Robyn M. Dawes,Margaret Foddy
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2010-10-18
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781136872563

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Judging Merit by Warren Thorngate,Robyn M. Dawes,Margaret Foddy Pdf

Merit-based tests and contests have become popular methods for allocating rewards – from trophies to contracts, jobs to grants, admissions to licenses. With origins in jurisprudence, methods of rewarding merit seem fairer than those rewarding political or social connections, bribery, aggression, status, or wealth. Because of this, merit-based competitions are well-suited to the societal belief that people should be rewarded for what they know or do, and not for who they know or are; however, judging merit is rarely an easy task – it is prone to a variety of biases and errors. Small biases and errors, especially in large competitions, can make large differences in who or what is rewarded. It is important, then, to learn how to spot flaws in procedures for judging merit and to correct them when possible. Based on over 20 years of theory and research in human judgment, decision making and social psychology, this unique book brings together for the first time what is known about the processes and problems of judging merit and their consequences. It also provides practical suggestions for increasing the fairness of merit-based competitions, and examines the future and limits of these competitions in society.

Author : Warren Thorngate,Robyn M. Dawes,Margaret Foddy
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2010-10-18
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781136872556

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Judging Merit by Warren Thorngate,Robyn M. Dawes,Margaret Foddy Pdf

Merit-based tests and contests have become popular methods for allocating rewards – from trophies to contracts, jobs to grants, admissions to licenses. With origins in jurisprudence, methods of rewarding merit seem fairer than those rewarding political or social connections, bribery, aggression, status, or wealth. Because of this, merit-based competitions are well-suited to the societal belief that people should be rewarded for what they know or do, and not for who they know or are; however, judging merit is rarely an easy task – it is prone to a variety of biases and errors. Small biases and errors, especially in large competitions, can make large differences in who or what is rewarded. It is important, then, to learn how to spot flaws in procedures for judging merit and to correct them when possible. Based on over 20 years of theory and research in human judgment, decision making and social psychology, this unique book brings together for the first time what is known about the processes and problems of judging merit and their consequences. It also provides practical suggestions for increasing the fairness of merit-based competitions, and examines the future and limits of these competitions in society.

Author : Robyn M. Dawes
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2024-05-19
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0805858369

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Judging Merit by Robyn M. Dawes Pdf

Author : Erika Rackley
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780415548618

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Women, Judging and the Judiciary by Erika Rackley Pdf

Awarded the 2013 Birks Book Prize by the Society of Legal Scholars, Women, Judging and the Judiciary expertly examines debates about gender representation in the judiciary and the importance of judicial diversity. It offers a fresh look at the role of the (woman) judge and the process of judging and provides a new analysis of the assumptions which underpin and constrain debates about why we might want a more diverse judiciary, and how we might get one. Through a theoretical engagement with the concepts of diversity and difference in adjudication, Women, Judging and the Judiciary contends that prevailing images of the judge are enmeshed in notions of sameness and uniformity: images which are so familiar that their grip on our understandings of the judicial role are routinely overlooked. Failing to confront these instinctive images of the judge and of judging, however, comes at a price. They exclude those who do not fit this mould, setting them up as challengers to the judicial norm. Such has been the fate of the woman judge. But while this goes some way to explaining why, despite repeated efforts, our attempts to secure greater diversity in our judiciary have fallen short, it also points a way forward. For, by getting a clearer sense of what our judges really do and how they do it, we can see that women judges and judicial diversity more broadly do not threaten but rather enrich the judiciary and judicial decision-making. As such, the standard opponent to measures to increase judicial diversity - the necessity of appointment on merit - is in fact its greatest ally: a judiciary is stronger and the justice it dispenses better the greater the diversity of its members, so if we want the best judiciary we can get, we should want one which is fully diverse. Women, Judging and the Judiciary will be of interest to legal academics, lawyers and policy makers working in the fields of judicial diversity, gender and adjudication and, more broadly, to anyone interested in who our judges are and what they do.

Author : Robert M. Howard,Amy Steigerwalt
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2012-03-22
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781136887604

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Judging Law and Policy by Robert M. Howard,Amy Steigerwalt Pdf

To what extent do courts make social and public policy and influence policy change? This innovative text analyzes this question generally and in seven distinct policy areas that play out in both federal and state courts—tax policy, environmental policy, reproductive rights, sex equality, affirmative action, school finance, and same-sex marriage. The authors address these issues through the twin lenses of how state and federal courts must and do interact with the other branches of government and whether judicial policy-making is a form of activist judging. Each chapter uncovers the policymaking aspects of judicial process by investigating the current state of the law, the extent of court involvement in policy change, the responses of other governmental entities and outside actors, and the factors which influenced the degree of implementation and impact of the relevant court decisions. Throughout the book, Howard and Steigerwalt examine and analyze the literature on judicial policy-making as well as evaluate existing measures of judicial ideology, judicial activism, court and legal policy formation, policy change and policy impact. This unique text offers new insights and areas to research in this important field of American politics.

Author : Ulrike Schultz,Gisela Shaw
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 825 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2014-07-18
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781782251118

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Gender and Judging by Ulrike Schultz,Gisela Shaw Pdf

Does gender make a difference to the way the judiciary works and should work? Or is gender-blindness a built-in prerequisite of judicial objectivity? If gender does make a difference, how might this be defined? These are the key questions posed in this collection of essays, by some 30 authors from the following countries; Argentina, Cambodia, Canada, England, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Kenya, the Netherlands, the Philippines, South Africa, Switzerland, Syria and the United States. The contributions draw on various theoretical approaches, including gender, feminist and sociological theories. The book's pressing topicality is underlined by the fact that well into the modern era male opposition to women's admission to, and progress within, the judicial profession has been largely based on the argument that their very gender programmes women to show empathy, partiality and gendered prejudice - in short essential qualities running directly counter to the need for judicial objectivity. It took until the last century for women to begin to break down such seemingly insurmountable barriers. And even now, there are a number of countries where even this first step is still waiting to happen. In all of them, there remains a more or less pronounced glass ceiling to women's judicial careers.

Author : Austin Sarat
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 157 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2012-09-12
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781780528717

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Special Issue: The Discourse of Judging by Austin Sarat Pdf

This special issue of Studies in Law, Politics, and Society focuses on the discourse of judging and the "language of judging" within many diverse legal scenarios. The volume features chapters specifically on: the "language of rights" within the context of abortion and same-sex marriage cases; discourses within the European Court of Justice; the mod

Author : Christopher Jon Nowlin
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Law
ISBN : 0773525386

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Judging Obscenity by Christopher Jon Nowlin Pdf

This work examines evidence in North American obscenity trials revealing how little consensus there is among those who purport to know best about the nature of artistic representation, human sexuality and the psychological and behavioural effects of digesting explicit sexual narratives and imagery.

Author : Donna M. Mertens,Amy T. Wilson
Publisher : Guilford Press
Page : 641 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2012-03-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781462503261

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Program Evaluation Theory and Practice, First Edition by Donna M. Mertens,Amy T. Wilson Pdf

This engaging text takes an evenhanded approach to major theoretical paradigms in evaluation and builds a bridge from them to evaluation practice. Featuring helpful checklists, procedural steps, provocative questions that invite readers to explore their own theoretical assumptions, and practical exercises, the book provides concrete guidance for conducting large- and small-scale evaluations. Numerous sample studies—many with reflective commentary from the evaluators—reveal the process through which an evaluator incorporates a paradigm into an actual research project. The book shows how theory informs methodological choices (the specifics of planning, implementing, and using evaluations). It offers balanced coverage of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches. Useful pedagogical features include: *Examples of large- and small-scale evaluations from multiple disciplines. *Beginning-of-chapter reflection questions that set the stage for the material covered. *"Extending your thinking" questions and practical activities that help readers apply particular theoretical paradigms in their own evaluation projects. *Relevant Web links, including pathways to more details about sampling, data collection, and analysis. *Boxes offering a closer look at key evaluation concepts and additional studies. *Checklists for readers to determine if they have followed recommended practice.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Nirali Prakashan
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2024-05-19
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8185790868

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Humam Resource Management by Anonim Pdf

Author : Samuel Clark
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Page : 537 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Awards
ISBN : 9780773546844

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Distributing Status by Samuel Clark Pdf

Honorific rewards are all about status and illustrate status processes in a way that few other social phenomena do. Why do we have so many honorific awards and prizes? Although they are a major feature of modern societies, they have received little scholarly attention. Samuel Clark argues that answering this question requires a separate historical analysis of different awards and prizes. He presents a comprehensive explanation of the origins and evolution of state honours in the British Isles, France, and the Low Countries. Examining cultural, social, and political changes that led to the massive growth in state honours and shaped their characteristics, Distributing Status also demonstrates their functions as instruments of cultural power, collective power, disciplinary power, and status power. Clark supports his conclusions with a cross-cultural statistical analysis of twenty societies. Lucid and logical, Distributing Status explicates an important historical change in Western Europe while at the same time contributing to several bodies of sociological literature, including evolutionary theory, theories of collective action, writings on discipline in modern societies, and studies of status processes.

Author : David Miller
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2001-09-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780674266124

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Principles of Social Justice by David Miller Pdf

Social justice has been the animating ideal of democratic governments throughout the twentieth century. Even those who oppose it recognize its potency. Yet the meaning of social justice remains obscure, and existing theories put forward by political philosophers to explain it have failed to capture the way people in general think about issues of social justice. This book develops a new theory. David Miller argues that principles of justice must be understood contextually, with each principle finding its natural home in a different form of human association. Because modern societies are complex, the theory of justice must be complex, too. The three primary components in Miller’s scheme are the principles of desert, need, and equality. The book uses empirical research to demonstrate the central role played by these principles in popular conceptions of justice. It then offers a close analysis of each concept, defending principles of desert and need against a range of critical attacks, and exploring instances when justice requires equal distribution and when it does not. Finally, it argues that social justice understood in this way remains a viable political ideal even in a world characterized by economic globalization and political multiculturalism. Accessibly written, and drawing upon the resources of both political philosophy and the social sciences, this book will appeal to readers with interest in public policy as well as to students of politics, philosophy, and sociology.

Author : William R. Shadish,Thomas D. Cook,Laura C. Leviton
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0803953011

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Foundations of Program Evaluation by William R. Shadish,Thomas D. Cook,Laura C. Leviton Pdf

Foundations of Program Evaluationheralds a thorough exploration of the field of program evaluation--looking back on its origins. By summarizing, comparing, and contrasting the work of seven major theorists of program evaluation, this book provides an important perspective on the current state of evaluation theory and provides suggestions for ways of improving its practice. Beginning in Chapter Two, the authors develop a conceptual framework to analyze how successfully each theory meets the specific criteria of its framework. Each subsequent chapter is devoted to the presentation of the theoretical and practical advice of a significant theorist--Michael Scriven, Donald Campbell, Carol Weiss, Joseph Wholey, Robert Stake, Lee Cronbach, and Peter Rossi.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 994 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1862
Category : Encyclopedias and dictionaries
ISBN : NYPL:33433075924153

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The Royal Dictionary-cyclopædia, for Universal Reference ... by Anonim Pdf

Author : Thomas Wright
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1002 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1852
Category : Encyclopedias and dictionaries
ISBN : NYPL:33433081987624

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The Universal Pronouncing Dictionary, and General Expositor of the English Language by Thomas Wright Pdf