Judging Science

Author : Kenneth R. Foster,Peter W. Huber
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Law
ISBN : 0262561204

Get Book

Judging Science by Kenneth R. Foster,Peter W. Huber Pdf

Attempting to reconcile the law's need for workable rules of evidence with the views of scientific validity and reliability. What is scientific knowledge and when is it reliable? These deceptively simple questions have been the source of endless controversy. In 1993, the Supreme Court handed down a landmark ruling on the use of scientific evidence in federal courts. Federal judges may admit expert scientific evidence only if it merits the label scientific knowledge. The testimony must be scientifically reliable and valid. This book is organized around the criteria set out in the 1993 ruling. Following a general overview, the authors look at issues of fit--whether a plausible theory relates specific facts to the larger factual issues in contention; philosophical concepts such as the falsifiability of scientific claims; scientific error; reliability in science, particularly in fields such as epidemiology and toxicology; the meaning of scientific validity; peer review and the problem of boundary setting; and the risks of confusion and prejudice when presenting science to a jury. The book's conclusion attempts to reconcile the law's need for workable rules of evidence with the views of scientific validity and reliability that emerge from science and other disciplines.

Author : Harris H. Shettel,Pamela C. Reilly
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1965
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015022734274

Get Book

An Evaluation of Existing Criteria for Judging the Quality of Science Exhibits by Harris H. Shettel,Pamela C. Reilly Pdf

Author : Steven J. Burton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1994-11-25
Category : Law
ISBN : 0521477409

Get Book

Judging in Good Faith by Steven J. Burton Pdf

This book offers an original theory of adjudication focused on the ethics of judging in courts of law. It offers two main theses. The good faith thesis defends the possibility of lawful judicial decisions even when judges have discretion. The permissible discretion thesis defends the compatibility of judicial discretion and legal indeterminacy with the legitimacy of adjudication in a constitutional democracy. Together, these two theses oppose both conservative theories that would restrict the scope of adjudication unduly and leftist critical theories that would liberate judges from the rule of law.

Author : Christopher Jon Nowlin
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780773525184

Get Book

Judging Obscenity by Christopher Jon Nowlin Pdf

This work examines evidence in North American obscenity trials revealing how little consensus there is among those who purport to know best about the nature of artistic representation, human sexuality and the psychological and behavioural effects of digesting explicit sexual narratives and imagery.

Author : Richard A. Posner
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2013-10-07
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780674184640

Get Book

Reflections on Judging by Richard A. Posner Pdf

For Richard Posner, legal formalism and formalist judges--notably Antonin Scalia--present the main obstacles to coping with the dizzying pace of technological advance. Posner calls for legal realism--gathering facts, considering context, and reaching a sensible conclusion that inflicts little collateral damage on other areas of the law.

Author : National Research Council (U.S.). National Committee on Science Education Standards and Assessment
Publisher : National Academies
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Science
ISBN : NAP:10053

Get Book

National Science Education Standards by National Research Council (U.S.). National Committee on Science Education Standards and Assessment Pdf

Author : John Haysom
Publisher : NSTA Press
Page : 81 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781936959204

Get Book

Science Fair Warm-up by John Haysom Pdf

Even science fair enthusiasts may dread grappling with these two questions: 1. How can you organise many middle school students doing many different projects at the same time? 2. How can you help students while giving them the freedom of choice and independence of thought that come with genuine inquiry? Answer the questions--and face science fairs without fear--with the help of this book from the Science Fair Warm-Up series. This book, for grades 5-8, is particularly suited for those students who have not participated in a science fair before, as it lays a foundation for the ideas developed in the later books about the practices of scientists. Even students who have experienced science fairs will find many ideas about scientific practices that are new to them. In addition to offering original investigations, the book provides problem-solving exercises to help students develop the inquiry skills to carry the projects through. To save you time, the materials are organised to grow more challenging and encourage independent study as students progress through the grade levels. To help you meet your teaching goals, the series is based on the constructivist view that makes students responsible for their own learning and aligns with national standards and the new Framework for K-12 Science Education. Science Fair Warm-Up will prepare both you and your students for science fair success. But even if you don't have a science fair in your future, the material can help make your students more proficient with scientific research.

Author : Kenneth R. Foster
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:477195438

Get Book

Judging Science by Kenneth R. Foster Pdf

Author : Beverly Serrell
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2017-07-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781315425795

Get Book

Judging Exhibitions by Beverly Serrell Pdf

Renowned museum consultant and researcher Beverly Serrell and a group of museum professionals from the Chicago area have developed a generalizable framework by which the quality of museum exhibitions can be judged from a visitor-centered perspective. Using criteria such as comfort, engagement, reinforcement, and meaningfulness, they have produced a useful tool for other museum professionals to better assess the effectiveness of museum exhibitions and thereby to improve their quality. The downloadable resources include a brief video demonstrating the Excellent Judges process and provides additional illustrations and information for the reader. Tested in a dozen institutions by the research team, this step-by-step approach to judging exhibitions will be of great value to museum directors, exhibit developers, and other museum professionals.

Author : James L. Gibson,Michael J. Nelson
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2021-08-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781610449076

Get Book

Judging Inequality by James L. Gibson,Michael J. Nelson Pdf

Social scientists have convincingly documented soaring levels of political, legal, economic, and social inequality in the United States. Missing from this picture of rampant inequality, however, is any attention to the significant role of state law and courts in establishing policies that either ameliorate or exacerbate inequality. In Judging Inequality, political scientists James L. Gibson and Michael J. Nelson demonstrate the influential role of the fifty state supreme courts in shaping the widespread inequalities that define America today, focusing on court-made public policy on issues ranging from educational equity and adequacy to LGBT rights to access to justice to worker’s rights. Drawing on an analysis of an original database of nearly 6,000 decisions made by over 900 judges on 50 state supreme courts over a quarter century, Judging Inequality documents two ways that state high courts have crafted policies relevant to inequality: through substantive policy decisions that fail to advance equality and by rulings favoring more privileged litigants (typically known as “upperdogs”). The authors discover that whether court-sanctioned policies lead to greater or lesser inequality depends on the ideologies of the justices serving on these high benches, the policy preferences of their constituents (the people of their state), and the institutional structures that determine who becomes a judge as well as who decides whether those individuals remain in office. Gibson and Nelson decisively reject the conventional theory that state supreme courts tend to protect underdog litigants from the wrath of majorities. Instead, the authors demonstrate that the ideological compositions of state supreme courts most often mirror the dominant political coalition in their state at a given point in time. As a result, state supreme courts are unlikely to stand as an independent force against the rise of inequality in the United States, instead making decisions compatible with the preferences of political elites already in power. At least at the state high court level, the myth of judicial independence truly is a myth. Judging Inequality offers a comprehensive examination of the powerful role that state supreme courts play in shaping public policies pertinent to inequality. This volume is a landmark contribution to scholarly work on the intersection of American jurisprudence and inequality, one that essentially rewrites the “conventional wisdom” on the role of courts in America’s democracy.

Author : Warren Thorngate,Robyn M. Dawes,Margaret Foddy
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2010-10-18
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781136872563

Get Book

Judging Merit by Warren Thorngate,Robyn M. Dawes,Margaret Foddy Pdf

Merit-based tests and contests have become popular methods for allocating rewards – from trophies to contracts, jobs to grants, admissions to licenses. With origins in jurisprudence, methods of rewarding merit seem fairer than those rewarding political or social connections, bribery, aggression, status, or wealth. Because of this, merit-based competitions are well-suited to the societal belief that people should be rewarded for what they know or do, and not for who they know or are; however, judging merit is rarely an easy task – it is prone to a variety of biases and errors. Small biases and errors, especially in large competitions, can make large differences in who or what is rewarded. It is important, then, to learn how to spot flaws in procedures for judging merit and to correct them when possible. Based on over 20 years of theory and research in human judgment, decision making and social psychology, this unique book brings together for the first time what is known about the processes and problems of judging merit and their consequences. It also provides practical suggestions for increasing the fairness of merit-based competitions, and examines the future and limits of these competitions in society.

Author : John L. Heilbron
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 994 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2003-02-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 0195112296

Get Book

The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science by John L. Heilbron Pdf

Containing 609 encyclopedic articles written by more than 200 prominent scholars, The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science presents an unparalleled history of the field invaluable to anyone with an interest in the technology, ideas, discoveries, and learned institutions that have shaped our world over the past five centuries. Focusing on the period from the Renaissance to the early twenty-first century, the articles cover all disciplines (Biology, Alchemy, Behaviorism), historical periods (the Scientific Revolution, World War II, the Cold War), concepts (Hypothesis, Space and Time, Ether), and methodologies and philosophies (Observation and Experiment, Darwinism). Coverage is international, tracing the spread of science from its traditional centers and explaining how the prevailing knowledge of non-Western societies has modified or contributed to the dominant global science as it is currently understood. Revealing the interplay between science and the wider culture, the Companion includes entries on topics such as minority groups, art, religion, and science's practical applications. One hundred biographies of the most iconic historic figures, chosen for their contributions to science and the interest of their lives, are also included. Above all The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science is a companion to world history: modern in coverage, generous in breadth, and cosmopolitan in scope. The volume's utility is enhanced by a thematic outline of the entire contents, a thorough system of cross-referencing, and a detailed index that enables the reader to follow a specific line of inquiry along various threads from multiple starting points. Each essay has numerous suggestions for further reading, all of which favor literature that is accessible to the general reader, and a bibliographical essay provides a general overview of the scholarship in the field. Lastly, as a contribution to the visual appeal of the Companion, over 100 black-and-white illustrations and an eight-page color section capture the eye and spark the imagination.

Author : Adrian Vermeule
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Law
ISBN : 0674022106

Get Book

Judging Under Uncertainty by Adrian Vermeule Pdf

In this book, Adrian Vermeule shows that any approach to legal interpretation rests on institutional and empirical premises about the capacities of judges and the systemic effects of their rulings. He argues that legal interpretation is above all an exercise in decisionmaking under severe empirical uncertainty.

Author : Virginia A. Hettinger,Stefanie A. Lindquist,Wendy L. Martinek
Publisher : University of Virginia Press
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Law
ISBN : 0813926971

Get Book

Judging on a Collegial Court by Virginia A. Hettinger,Stefanie A. Lindquist,Wendy L. Martinek Pdf

Focusing on the behavioral aspects of disagreement within a panel and between the levels of the federal judicial hierarchy, the authors reveal the impact of individual attitudes or preferences on judicial decision-making, and hence on political divisions in the broader society.

Author : Alfred I. Tauber
Publisher : Springer
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2016-07-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781349252497

Get Book

Science and the Quest for Reality by Alfred I. Tauber Pdf

Science and the Quest for Reality is an interdisciplinary anthology that situates contemporary science within its complex philosophical, historical, and sociological contexts. The anthology is divided between, firstly, characterizing science as an intellectual activity and, secondly, defining its social role. The philosophical and historical vicissitudes of science's truth claims has raised profound questions concerning the role of science in society beyond its technological innovations. The deeper philosophical issues thus complement the critical inquiry concerning the broader social and ethical influence of contemporary science. In the tradition of the 'Main Trends of the Modern World' series, this volume includes both classical and contemporary works on the subject.