Killing Civilians

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Killing Civilians

Hugo Slim
Killing Civilians Book PDF

Author : Hugo Slim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2010-07
Category : Civil-military relations
ISBN : 0231700377

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Killing Civilians by Hugo Slim Pdf

When civilians suffer in war, it is often a deliberate act. Massacres, rape, displacement, famine, and disease are the strategic decisions of political and military leaders who make civilians their targets in order to gain the upper hand in battle. Yet there still exists the precious and fragile belief-ingrained in modern international law-that unarmed and innocent people should be protected in war, even if, in practice, the principle of civil immunity is often ignored or rejected. Hoping to rectify this injustice, Hugo Slim uses detailed historical and contemporary examples to reveal the many ways civilians suffer in war. A leading commentator on international humanitarian action and the protection of civilians in war, Slim analyzes the anti-civilian ideologies that encourage and perpetuate suffering and exposes the exploitation of moral ambiguity that is used to sanction extreme hostility. At what point does killing civilians become part of winning a war? Why are some methods of killing used while others are avoided? Bolstering his claims with hard fact, Slim argues that civilian casualties are not only morally reprehensible but also bad military science. His book is a clarion call for action and a passionate defense of civil immunity, a concept that is more urgent and necessary today than ever before.

Killing Civilians in Civil War

Jürgen Brandsch
Killing Civilians in Civil War Book PDF

Author : Jürgen Brandsch
Publisher : FirstForumPress
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Atrocities
ISBN : 1626378630

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Killing Civilians in Civil War by Jürgen Brandsch Pdf

Conventional wisdom tells us that targeting civilians in civil wars makes little sense as a combat strategy. Yet, the indiscriminate violence continues. Why?To tackle this vexing question, Jürgen Brandsch looks closely at the on-the-ground impact of indiscriminate violence-and what he finds shows that there often is, in fact, a method to the madness. Making the provocative argument that slaughtering innocent civilians may be rational behavior on the part of the perpetrators, Brandsch provides an important piece in the puzzle of how to understand, and ultimately prevent, such atrocities.

Sparing Civilians

Seth Lazar
Sparing Civilians Book PDF

Author : Seth Lazar
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 169 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198712985

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Sparing Civilians by Seth Lazar Pdf

Killing civilians is worse than killing soldiers. Few moral principles have been more widely and viscerally affirmed. But in recent years it has faced a rising tide of dissent. Seth Lazar aims to turn this tide, and to vindicate international law. He develops new insights into the morality of harm, relevant to everyone interested in the debate.

Innocent Civilians

C. McKeogh
Innocent Civilians Book PDF

Author : C. McKeogh
Publisher : Springer
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2002-04-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781403907462

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Innocent Civilians by C. McKeogh Pdf

Why is it that soldiers may be killed in war but civilians may not be killed? By tracing the evolution of the principle of non-combatant immunity in Western thought from its medieval religious origins to its modern legal status, Colm McKeogh attempts to answer this question. In doing so he highlights the unsuccessful attempts to reconcile warfare with our civilization's most fundamental principles of justice.

Targeting Civilians in War

Alexander B. Downes
Targeting Civilians in War Book PDF

Author : Alexander B. Downes
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2011-05-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780801457296

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Targeting Civilians in War by Alexander B. Downes Pdf

Accidental harm to civilians in warfare often becomes an occasion for public outrage, from citizens of both the victimized and the victimizing nation. In this vitally important book on a topic of acute concern for anyone interested in military strategy, international security, or human rights, Alexander B. Downes reminds readers that democratic and authoritarian governments alike will sometimes deliberately kill large numbers of civilians as a matter of military strategy. What leads governments to make such a choice? Downes examines several historical cases: British counterinsurgency tactics during the Boer War, the starvation blockade used by the Allies against Germany in World War I, Axis and Allied bombing campaigns in World War II, and ethnic cleansing in the Palestine War. He concludes that governments decide to target civilian populations for two main reasons—desperation to reduce their own military casualties or avert defeat, or a desire to seize and annex enemy territory. When a state's military fortunes take a turn for the worse, he finds, civilians are more likely to be declared legitimate targets to coerce the enemy state to give up. When territorial conquest and annexation are the aims of warfare, the population of the disputed land is viewed as a threat and the aggressor state may target those civilians to remove them. Democracies historically have proven especially likely to target civilians in desperate circumstances. In Targeting Civilians in War, Downes explores several major recent conflicts, including the 1991 Persian Gulf War and the American-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. Civilian casualties occurred in each campaign, but they were not the aim of military action. In these cases, Downes maintains, the achievement of quick and decisive victories against overmatched foes allowed democracies to win without abandoning their normative beliefs by intentionally targeting civilians. Whether such "restraint" can be guaranteed in future conflicts against more powerful adversaries is, however, uncertain. During times of war, democratic societies suffer tension between norms of humane conduct and pressures to win at the lowest possible costs. The painful lesson of Targeting Civilians in War is that when these two concerns clash, the latter usually prevails.

Kill Anything That Moves

Nick Turse
Kill Anything That Moves Book PDF

Author : Nick Turse
Publisher : Metropolitan Books
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2013-01-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780805095470

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Kill Anything That Moves by Nick Turse Pdf

Based on classified documents and first-person interviews, a startling history of the American war on Vietnamese civilians The American Empire Project Winner of the Ridenhour Prize for Reportorial Distinction Americans have long been taught that events such as the notorious My Lai massacre were isolated incidents in the Vietnam War, carried out by just a few "bad apples." But as award-winning journalist and historian Nick Turse demonstrates in this groundbreaking investigation, violence against Vietnamese noncombatants was not at all exceptional during the conflict. Rather, it was pervasive and systematic, the predictable consequence of official orders to "kill anything that moves." Drawing on more than a decade of research into secret Pentagon archives and extensive interviews with American veterans and Vietnamese survivors, Turse reveals for the first time the workings of a military machine that resulted in millions of innocent civilians killed and wounded-what one soldier called "a My Lai a month." Devastating and definitive, Kill Anything That Moves finally brings us face-to-face with the truth of a war that haunts America to this day.

Insurgent Terrorism

Victor Asal,Brian J. Phillips,R. Karl Rethemeyer
Insurgent Terrorism Book PDF

Author : Victor Asal,Brian J. Phillips,R. Karl Rethemeyer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780197607015

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Insurgent Terrorism by Victor Asal,Brian J. Phillips,R. Karl Rethemeyer Pdf

"Imagine getting on the bus to go from one major city to another. It had been a long week and all you wanted to do is get home and take a nap while doing that. Imagine falling asleep and enjoying the rest on the bus. Now imagine as the bus is driving up a mountain you wake to hearing someone scream out something incoherent and you can feel the bus swerve to the right and through a road barrier and over the side of the mountain. Some of the people you are with on the bus fly out the window as it crashes down the mountain into a ravine while others fly around the bus slamming into each other, into metal and into shattering glass. As the bus slams down you can feel parts of your body break and you see other people die in front of you. You then lose consciousness. When you wake, you are lying outside the bus with glass and screaming people around you just above a bus that is now with its roof on the ground. Besides your own pain you can see the dead, the dying and the broken people all around you and dozens of people streaming down the valley to come help you and the people around you"--

Stalin's Genocides

Norman M. Naimark
Stalin s Genocides Book PDF

Author : Norman M. Naimark
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2010-07-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9781400836062

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Stalin's Genocides by Norman M. Naimark Pdf

The chilling story of Stalin’s crimes against humanity Between the early 1930s and his death in 1953, Joseph Stalin had more than a million of his own citizens executed. Millions more fell victim to forced labor, deportation, famine, bloody massacres, and detention and interrogation by Stalin's henchmen. Stalin's Genocides is the chilling story of these crimes. The book puts forward the important argument that brutal mass killings under Stalin in the 1930s were indeed acts of genocide and that the Soviet dictator himself was behind them. Norman Naimark, one of our most respected authorities on the Soviet era, challenges the widely held notion that Stalin's crimes do not constitute genocide, which the United Nations defines as the premeditated killing of a group of people because of their race, religion, or inherent national qualities. In this gripping book, Naimark explains how Stalin became a pitiless mass killer. He looks at the most consequential and harrowing episodes of Stalin's systematic destruction of his own populace—the liquidation and repression of the so-called kulaks, the Ukrainian famine, the purge of nationalities, and the Great Terror—and examines them in light of other genocides in history. In addition, Naimark compares Stalin's crimes with those of the most notorious genocidal killer of them all, Adolf Hitler.

The Deaths of Others

John Tirman
The Deaths of Others Book PDF

Author : John Tirman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2011-07-01
Category : History
ISBN : 0199831491

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The Deaths of Others by John Tirman Pdf

Americans are greatly concerned about the number of our troops killed in battle--100,000 dead in World War I; 300,000 in World War II; 33,000 in the Korean War; 58,000 in Vietnam; 4,500 in Iraq; over 1,000 in Afghanistan--and rightly so. But why are we so indifferent, often oblivious, to the far greater number of casualties suffered by those we fight and those we fight for? This is the compelling, largely unasked question John Tirman answers in The Deaths of Others. Between six and seven million people died in Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq alone, the majority of them civilians. And yet Americans devote little attention to these deaths. Other countries, however, do pay attention, and Tirman argues that if we want to understand why there is so much anti-Americanism around the world, the first place to look is how we conduct war. We understandably strive to protect our own troops, but our rules of engagement with the enemy are another matter. From atomic weapons and carpet bombing in World War II to napalm and daisy cutters in Vietnam and beyond, we have used our weapons intentionally to kill large numbers of civilians and terrorize our adversaries into surrender. Americans, however, are mostly ignorant of these facts, believing that American wars are essentially just, necessary, and "good." Tirman investigates the history of casualties caused by American forces in order to explain why America remains so unpopular and why US armed forces operate the way they do. Trenchant and passionate, The Deaths of Others forces readers to consider the tragic consequences of American military action not just for Americans, but especially for those we fight.

Massacres and Morality

Alex J. Bellamy
Massacres and Morality Book PDF

Author : Alex J. Bellamy
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-09-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199288427

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Massacres and Morality by Alex J. Bellamy Pdf

Most cultural and legal codes agree that the intentional killing of civilians, whether in peacetime or war, is prohibited. Yet despite this fact, the deliberate killing of large numbers of civilians remains a persistent feature of global political life.

Civilians and Warfare in World History

Nicola Foote,Nadya Williams
Civilians and Warfare in World History Book PDF

Author : Nicola Foote,Nadya Williams
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 548 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2017-08-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351714563

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Civilians and Warfare in World History by Nicola Foote,Nadya Williams Pdf

This book explores the role played by civilians in shaping the outcomes of military combat across time and place. This volume explores the contributions civilians have made to warfare in case studies that range from ancient Europe to contemporary Africa and Latin America. Building on philosophical and legal scholarship, it explores the blurred boundary between combatant and civilian in different historical contexts and examines how the absence of clear demarcations shapes civilian strategic positioning and impacts civilian vulnerability to military targeting and massacre. The book argues that engagement with the blurred boundaries between combatant and non-combatant both advance the key analytical questions that underpin the historical literature on civilians and underline the centrality of civilians to a full understanding of warfare. The volume provides new insight into why civilian death and suffering has been so common, despite widespread beliefs embedded in legal and military codes across time and place that killing civilians is wrong. Ultimately, the case studies in the book show that civilians, while always victims of war, were nevertheless often able to become empowered agents in defending their own lives, and impacting the outcomes of wars. By highlighting civilian military agency and broadening the sense of which actors affect strategic outcomes, the book also contributes to a richer understanding of war itself. This book will be of much interest to students of military studies, international history, international relations and war and conflict studies.

Accountability for Killing

Neta C. Crawford
Accountability for Killing Book PDF

Author : Neta C. Crawford
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2013-09-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780199981748

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Accountability for Killing by Neta C. Crawford Pdf

The unintended deaths of civilians in war are too often dismissed as unavoidable, inevitable, and accidental. And despite the best efforts of the U.S. to avoid them, civilian casualties in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Pakistan have been a regular feature of the United States' wars after 9/11. In Accountability for Killing, Neta C. Crawford focuses on the causes of these many episodes of foreseeable collateral damage and the moral responsibility for them. The dominant paradigm of legal and moral responsibility in war today stresses both intention and individual accountability. Deliberate killing of civilians is outlawed and international law blames individual soldiers and commanders for such killing. An individual soldier may be sentenced life in prison or death for deliberately killing even a small number of civilians, but the large scale killing of dozens or even hundreds of civilians may be forgiven if it was unintentional--"incidental"--to a military operation. The very law that protects noncombatants from deliberate killing may allow many episodes of unintended killing. Under international law, civilian killing may be forgiven if it was unintended and incidental to a militarily necessary operation. Given the nature of contemporary war, where military organizations-training, and the choice of weapons, doctrine, and tactics-create the conditions for systemic collateral damage, Crawford contends that placing moral responsibility for systemic collateral damage on individuals is misplaced. She develops a new theory of organizational moral agency and responsibility, and shows how the US military exercised moral agency and moral responsibility to reduce the incidence of collateral damage in America's most recent wars. Indeed, when the U.S. military and its allies saw that the perception of collateral damage killing was causing it to lose support in the war zones, it moved to a "population centric" doctrine, putting civilian protection at the heart of its strategy. Trenchant, original, and ranging across security studies, international law, ethics, and international relations, Accountability for Killing will reshape our understanding of the ethics of contemporary war.

Innocent Civilians

C. McKeogh
Innocent Civilians Book PDF

Author : C. McKeogh
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2002-04-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0333972376

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Innocent Civilians by C. McKeogh Pdf

Why is it that soldiers may be killed in war but civilians may not be killed? By tracing the evolution of the principle of non-combatant immunity in Western thought from its medieval religious origins to its modern legal status, Colm McKeogh attempts to answer this question. In doing so he highlights the unsuccessful attempts to reconcile warfare with our civilization's most fundamental principles of justice.

Civilians in the Path of War

Mark Grimsley,Clifford J. Rogers
Civilians in the Path of War Book PDF

Author : Mark Grimsley,Clifford J. Rogers
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2002-01-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0803221827

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Civilians in the Path of War by Mark Grimsley,Clifford J. Rogers Pdf

Antologi. Bogens 9 historikere har gennemgået mere end 2.500 års befolkningskonflikter og deres forskellige indflydelse på det civile samfund. Hvert behandlet afsnit undersøger ikke alene, hvad de militære styrker gjorde ved civilbefolkningen i operationsområdet, men hvorfor de gjorde det og hvorledes de retfærdiggjorde deres handlinger.

Killing Terrorists

Anna Goppel
Killing Terrorists Book PDF

Author : Anna Goppel
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2013-01-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110277272

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Killing Terrorists by Anna Goppel Pdf

Targeted killing of terrorists has become an established practice in the fight against terrorism. The disturbing consequences of the practice and its increasing political and societal acceptance raise questions as to its justifiability and its place in counter-terrorism. Anna Goppel explores whether targeted killing of terrorists can be justified, both from a moral and an international legal perspective. She discusses moral and international legal limits to state use of lethal force and argues that the moral principles and the international legal regulations allow for the practice only in very specific, very rare, and rather hypothetical cases. The analysis is based on a thorough discussion of the human right to life, the laws and ethics of war, and the relevant moral and legal arguments. This makes it of particular interest to philosophers and legal theorists interested in terrorism, counter-terrorism, human rights, and the legitimacy of defensive state measures.