Knowledge And Conditionals

Author : Robert C. Stalnaker
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2019-06-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780198810346

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Knowledge and Conditionals by Robert C. Stalnaker Pdf

Robert C. Stalnaker presents a set of essays on the structure of inquiry. In the first part he focuses on the concepts of knowledge, belief, and partial belief, and on the rules and procedures we use - or ought to use - to determine what to believe, and what to claim that we know. In thesecond part he examines conditional statements and conditional beliefs, their role in epistemology, and their relations to causal and explanatory concepts, such as dispositions, objective chance, relations of dependence, and independence. A central concern of the book is the interaction of differentcognitive perspectives - the ways in which the attitudes of rational agents are or should be influenced by critical reflection on their present cognitive situation, on their own cognitive situations at other times, and on the cognitive situations of others with whom they interact.The general picture that is developed is naturalistic, following Hume in rejecting a substantive role for pure reason in the defense of inductive rules, and in giving causal concepts a central role in the description and explanation of our cognitive practices. However, Stalnaker rejects the side ofHume that aims to reduce concepts involving natural necessity to more basic descriptive concepts. Instead, he argues that the development of inductive rules and practices takes place in interaction with the development of concepts for giving a theoretical description of the world.

Author : Robert C. Stalnaker
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2019-06-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192538307

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Knowledge and Conditionals by Robert C. Stalnaker Pdf

Robert C. Stalnaker presents a set of essays on the structure of inquiry. In the first part he focuses on the concepts of knowledge, belief, and partial belief, and on the rules and procedures we use - or ought to use - to determine what to believe, and what to claim that we know. In the second part he examines conditional statements and conditional beliefs, their role in epistemology, and their relations to causal and explanatory concepts, such as dispositions, objective chance, relations of dependence, and independence. A central concern of the book is the interaction of different cognitive perspectives - the ways in which the attitudes of rational agents are or should be influenced by critical reflection on their present cognitive situation, on their own cognitive situations at other times, and on the cognitive situations of others with whom they interact. The general picture that is developed is naturalistic, following Hume in rejecting a substantive role for pure reason in the defense of inductive rules, and in giving causal concepts a central role in the description and explanation of our cognitive practices. However, Stalnaker rejects the side of Hume that aims to reduce concepts involving natural necessity to more basic descriptive concepts. Instead, he argues that the development of inductive rules and practices takes place in interaction with the development of concepts for giving a theoretical description of the world.

Author : Risto Hilpinen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Conditionals (Logic)
ISBN : 9516429769

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Knowledge and Conditionals by Risto Hilpinen Pdf

Author : Gabriele Kern-Isberner
Publisher : Springer
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2003-06-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540446002

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Conditionals in Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Belief Revision by Gabriele Kern-Isberner Pdf

Conditionals are omnipresent, in everyday life as well as in scientific environments; they represent generic knowledge acquired inductively or learned from books. They tie a flexible and highly interrelated network of connections along which reasoning is possible and which can be applied to different situations. Therefore, conditionals are important, but also quite problematic objects in knowledge representation. This book presents a new approach to conditionals which captures their dynamic, non-proportional nature particularly well by considering conditionals as agents shifting possible worlds in order to establish relationships and beliefs. This understanding of conditionals yields a rich theory which makes complex interactions between conditionals transparent and operational. Moreover,it provides a unifying and enhanced framework for knowledge representation, nonmonotonic reasoning, belief revision,and even for knowledge discovery.

Author : Barbara Dancygier
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1999-01-13
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781139425506

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Conditionals and Prediction by Barbara Dancygier Pdf

This book offers a new and in-depth analysis of English conditional sentences. In a wide-ranging discussion, Dancygier classifies conditional constructions according to time-reference and modality. She shows how the basic meaning parameters of conditionality correlate to formal parameters of the linguistic constructions which are used to express them. Dancygier suggests that the function of prediction is central to the definition of conditionality, and that conditional sentences display certain formal features which correlate to aspects of interpretation. Although the analysis is based primarily on English, it provides a theoretical framework that can be extended cross-linguistically to a broad range of grammatical phenomena. It will be essential reading for scholars and students concerned with the role of conditionals in English and many other languages.

Author : Sarah Moss
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2018-02-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192510594

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Probabilistic Knowledge by Sarah Moss Pdf

Traditional philosophical discussions of knowledge have focused on the epistemic status of full beliefs. Sarah Moss argues that in addition to full beliefs, credences can constitute knowledge. For instance, your 0.4 credence that it is raining outside can constitute knowledge, in just the same way that your full beliefs can. In addition, you can know that it might be raining, and that if it is raining then it is probably cloudy, where this knowledge is not knowledge of propositions, but of probabilistic contents. The notion of probabilistic content introduced in this book plays a central role not only in epistemology, but in the philosophy of mind and language as well. Just as tradition holds that you believe and assert propositions, you can believe and assert probabilistic contents. Accepting that we can believe, assert, and know probabilistic contents has significant consequences for many philosophical debates, including debates about the relationship between full belief and credence, the semantics of epistemic modals and conditionals, the contents of perceptual experience, peer disagreement, pragmatic encroachment, perceptual dogmatism, and transformative experience. In addition, accepting probabilistic knowledge can help us discredit negative evaluations of female speech, explain why merely statistical evidence is insufficient for legal proof, and identify epistemic norms violated by acts of racial profiling. Hence the central theses of this book not only help us better understand the nature of our own mental states, but also help us better understand the nature of our responsibilities to each other.

Author : Jonathan Bennett,Jonathan Francis Bennett
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199258871

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A Philosophical Guide to Conditionals by Jonathan Bennett,Jonathan Francis Bennett Pdf

The author, one of the world's leading authorities on the subject of conditional sentences, distils many years' work and teaching into 'A Philosophical Guide to Conditionals', an authoritative treatment of the subject.

Author : Lars Bo Gundersen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2017-05-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351943574

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Dispositional Theories of Knowledge by Lars Bo Gundersen Pdf

This book offers an original examination of human cognition, arguing that cognitive skills are dispositional in nature. Opposing influential views in modern Anglo-American philosophy, Gundersen starts from the received premis that knowledge is analyzable in terms of belief, justification and truth, and goes on to clarify and improve on these ingredients' exact nature and internal association. Exploring a wide range of arguments offered by influential contributors in the field of modal epistemology, Gundersen argues that external conditions are secondary in developing and cultivating cognitive competence and that the fulcrum of the cognitive investigation is the fascinating interplay between and cultivation of internal cognitive powers.

Author : Andreas Herzig,Juha Kontinen
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2020-01-28
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783030399511

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Foundations of Information and Knowledge Systems by Andreas Herzig,Juha Kontinen Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Foundations of Information and Knowledge Systems, FoIKS 2020, held in Dortmund, Germany, in February 2020. The 19 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 33 submissions. The papers address various topics such as big data; database design; dynamics of information; information fusion; integrity and constraint management; intelligent agents; knowledge discovery and information retrieval; knowledge representation, reasoning and planning; logics in databases and AI; mathematical foundations; security in information and knowledge systems; semi-structured data and XML; social computing; the semantic web and knowledge management; and the world wide web.​

Author : W.L. Harper,G.A. Pearce,R. Stalnaker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1980-12-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9027712204

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IFS by W.L. Harper,G.A. Pearce,R. Stalnaker Pdf

With publication of the present volume, The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science enters its second phase. The first fourteen volumes in the Series were produced under the managing editorship of Professor James J. Leach, with the cooperation of a local editorial board. Many of these volumes resulted from colloguia and workshops held in con nection with the University of Western Ontario Graduate Programme in Philosophy of Science. Throughout its seven year history, the Series has been devoted to publication of high quality work in philosophy of science con sidered in its widest extent, including work in philosophy of the special sciences and history of the conceptual development of science. In future, this general editorial emphasis will be maintained, and hopefully, broadened to include important works by scholars working outside the local context. Appointment of a new managing editor, together with an expanded editorial board, brings with it the hope of an enlarged international presence for the Series. Serving the publication needs of those working in the various subfields within philosophy of science is a many-faceted operation. Thus in future the Series will continue to produce edited proceedings of worthwhile scholarly meetings and edited collections of seminal background papers. How ever, the publication priorities will shift emphasis to favour production of monographs in the various fields covered by the scope of the Series. THE MANAGING EDITOR vii W. L. Harper, R. Stalnaker, and G. Pearce (eds.), lIs, vii.

Author : Lee Walters,John Hawthorne
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2021-02-04
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780198712732

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Conditionals, Paradox, and Probability by Lee Walters,John Hawthorne Pdf

Conditionals, Paradox, and Probability comprises fifteen original essays on themes from the work of Dorothy Edgington, the first woman to hold a chair in philosophy at Oxford. Eminent contributors from philosophy and linguistics discuss a range of topics including conditionals, vagueness, knowledge, reasoning, and probability.

Author : Gabriele Kern-Isberner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2001-07-25
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540423676

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Conditionals in Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Belief Revision by Gabriele Kern-Isberner Pdf

This book covers lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies. Acquired immunodeficiencies are caused by infections with the human immunodeficiency virus or arise following immunosuppressive therapy administered after organ transplantation or to treat connective tissue diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. It was recently discovered that various diseases or therapeutic modalities that induce a state of immunosuppression may cause virally driven lymphoproliferations. This book summarizes for the first time this group of immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferations.

Author : Sarah Moss
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2018-02-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192510587

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Probabilistic Knowledge by Sarah Moss Pdf

Traditional philosophical discussions of knowledge have focused on the epistemic status of full beliefs. Sarah Moss argues that in addition to full beliefs, credences can constitute knowledge. For instance, your 0.4 credence that it is raining outside can constitute knowledge, in just the same way that your full beliefs can. In addition, you can know that it might be raining, and that if it is raining then it is probably cloudy, where this knowledge is not knowledge of propositions, but of probabilistic contents. The notion of probabilistic content introduced in this book plays a central role not only in epistemology, but in the philosophy of mind and language as well. Just as tradition holds that you believe and assert propositions, you can believe and assert probabilistic contents. Accepting that we can believe, assert, and know probabilistic contents has significant consequences for many philosophical debates, including debates about the relationship between full belief and credence, the semantics of epistemic modals and conditionals, the contents of perceptual experience, peer disagreement, pragmatic encroachment, perceptual dogmatism, and transformative experience. In addition, accepting probabilistic knowledge can help us discredit negative evaluations of female speech, explain why merely statistical evidence is insufficient for legal proof, and identify epistemic norms violated by acts of racial profiling. Hence the central theses of this book not only help us better understand the nature of our own mental states, but also help us better understand the nature of our responsibilities to each other.

Author : Frank Jackson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2002-11-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134707959

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Mind, Method and Conditionals by Frank Jackson Pdf

First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Author : Nicholas Rescher
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2007-05-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262264433

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Conditionals by Nicholas Rescher Pdf

A unified treatment of conditionals based on epistemological principles rather than the semantical principles in vogue over recent decades. This book by distinguished philosopher Nicholas Rescher seeks to clarify the idea of what a conditional says by elucidating the information that is normally transmitted by its utterance. The result is a unified treatment of conditionals based on epistemological principles rather than the semantical principles in vogue over recent decades. This approach, argues Rescher, makes it easier to understand how conditionals actually function in our thought and discourse. In its concern with what language theorists call pragmatics—the study of the norms and principles governing our use of language in conveying information—Conditionals steps beyond the limits of logic as traditionally understood and moves into the realm claimed by theorists of artificial intelligence as they try to simulate our actual information-processing practices. The book's treatment of counterfactuals essentially revives an epistemological approach proposed by F. P. Ramsey in the 1920s and developed by Rescher himself in the 1960s but since overshadowed by the now-dominant possible-worlds approach. Rescher argues that the increasingly evident liabilities of the possible-worlds strategy make a reappraisal of the older style of analysis both timely and desirable. As the book makes clear, an epistemological approach demonstrates that counterfactual reasoning, unlike inductive inference, is not a matter of abstract reasoning alone but one of good judgment and common sense.