Labor Market Reform And Job Creation

Author : Lewis C. Solmon
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429723605

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Labor Markets, Employment Policy, And Job Creation by Lewis C. Solmon Pdf

This clear, accessible volume provides a comprehensive overview of the ongoing debate over the determining factors of and key influences on employment growth and labor market training, education, and related policies in the United States. Drawing on the work of distinguished labor economists, the chapters tackle questions posed by job and skill demands in the "new high-tech economy" and explore sources of employment growth; productivity growth and its implications for future employment; government mandates, labor costs, and employment; and labor force demographics, income inequality, and returns to human capital. These topics are central concerns for government, which must judge every prospective policy proposal by its effects on employment growth. Washington keeps at least one eye firmly on the jobs picture, and public officials at every level are constantly aware of the issues surrounding American job security. The jobs issue reaches beyond this focus on the unemployment rate and on total employment, including the rate at which employment is seen as growing, the growth of real wages, the security of employment, returns to human capital, uncertainty about the education and training best suited for a world of rapidly changing economic conditions, and the distribution of the gains from growth across economic classes and population groups.

Author : Mr.David T. Coe,Mr.Dennis J. Snower
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1996-08-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451951257

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Policy Complementarities by Mr.David T. Coe,Mr.Dennis J. Snower Pdf

This paper argues that an important group of labor market policies are complementary in the sense that the effect of each policy is greater when implemented in conjunction with the other policies than in isolation. This may explain why the diverse, piecemeal labor market reforms in many European countries in recent years have had so little success in reducing unemployment. What is required instead is deeper labor market reforms across a broader range of complementary policies and institutions. To be politically feasible, these reforms must be combined with measures to address distributional issues.

Author : J. Luis Guasch
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1999-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821344153

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Labor Market Reform and Job Creation by J. Luis Guasch Pdf

Despite the resumption of economic growth in most Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) countries since the late 1980s, improvements on the employment/unemployment front fave been sluggish at best, with a few notable exceptions. In many countries, renewed growth in LAC in the 1990s has so far failed to generate adequate new jobs in place of those lost during the adjustment , and to restore wages to precrisis levels. After a number of years of relatively high economic growth, the employment outlook in many countries remains worrisome. In those countries where unemployment rates appear to be low, often as a result of how they are measured, the concern is the low quality and renumeration levels of available jobs.

Author : Jürgen Weller,United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
Publisher : United Nations Publications
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCSD:31822029884756

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Economic Reforms, Growth and Employment by Jürgen Weller,United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Pdf

In the last ten to fifteen years, profound structural reforms have moved Latin America and the Caribbean from closed, state-dominated economies to ones that are more market-oriented and open. Policymakers expected that these changes would speed up growth. This book is part of a multi-year project to determine whether these expectation have been fulfilled. Analysing the impact of the reforms on employment it is argued that expectations were not fulfilled with respect to the operation of the labour markets. The reforms limited the expansion of employment in some sectors, particularly in tradeable goods. They also created a bias in labour demad for better educated workers which exacerbates inequality. It is thus made clear that the region faces major challenges both in increasing the number of jobs and improving job equality.

Author : Fraser Institute (Vancouver, B.C.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Open and closed shop
ISBN : 088975179X

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Unions and Right-to-work Laws by Fraser Institute (Vancouver, B.C.) Pdf

From the back cover: "Unions and Right-to-Work Laws" documents the impact of liberalizing labour markets on investment, productivity, profitability, and job growth. It also provides guidelines for enacting labour market reform in Canada. The labour market reforms recommended in this book reflect the experience of countries with some of the best job creation records. Unless some of the rigidities in Canada's labour market are eliminated, high levels of unemployment will become a permanent feature of the Canadian economic landscape.

Author : Mr. Romain A Duval,Mr. Ippei Shibata
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 39 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2021-06-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513584478

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Labor Market Reform Options to Boost Employment in South Africa by Mr. Romain A Duval,Mr. Ippei Shibata Pdf

Raising South Africa’s low employment rate to levels seen in emerging market or advanced economy peers could raise GDP per capita by 50 to 60 percent and reduce income inequality dramatically in the long term. By putting further strain on an already fragile labor market, Covid-19 has raised the urgency of action. This paper reviews labor market policy and other reform options to enhance South Africa’s job market performance, drawing from international evidence and new analysis. We find much scope for improving the design of key labor market institutions—including collective bargaining and employment protection legislation—and active labor market policies to improve job seekers’ prospects. These reforms should come hand-in-hand with others, such as in the areas of education or product market regulation, that may work pay. Labor market and other reforms would primarily benefit disadvantaged groups such as youth.

Author : Niklas Engbom,Ms.Enrica Detragiache,Ms.Faezeh Raei
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 26 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2015-07-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513531250

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The German Labor Market Reforms and Post-Unemployment Earnings by Niklas Engbom,Ms.Enrica Detragiache,Ms.Faezeh Raei Pdf

In 2003–05, Germany undertook extensive labor market reforms which were followed by a large and persistent decline in unemployment. Key elements of the reforms were a drastic cut in benefits for the long-term unemployed and tighter job search and acceptance obligations. Using a large confidential data set from the German social security administration, we find that the reforms were associated with a fall in the earnings of workers returning to work from short-term unemployment relative to workers in long-term employment of about 10 percent. We interpret this as evidence that the reforms strengthened incentives to return to work but, in doing so, they adversely affected post re-entry earnings.

Author : Mr.Tom Krebs,Mr.Martin Scheffel
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2013-02-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781616350109

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Macroeconomic Evaluation of Labor Market Reform in Germany by Mr.Tom Krebs,Mr.Martin Scheffel Pdf

In 2005 the German government implemented the so-called Hartz IV reform, which amounted to a complete overhaul of the German unemployment insurance system and resulted in a significant reduction in unemployment benefits for the long-term unemployed. In this paper, we use an incomplete-market model with search unemployment to evaluate the macro-economic and welfare effects of the Hartz IV reform. We calibrate the model economy to German data before the reform and then use the calibrated model economy to simulate the effects of Hartz IV. In our baseline calibration, we find that the reform has reduced the long-run (noncyclical) unemployment rate in Germany by 1.4 percentage points. We also find that the welfare of employed households increases, but the welfare of unemployed households decreases even with moderate degree of risk aversion.

Author : J. David Brown,John S. Earle
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Creacion de empleos
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Microeconomics of Creating Productive Jobs by J. David Brown,John S. Earle Pdf

The challenge for labor market policy in the transition economies has been to redress the sharp drops in employment and rises in unemployment in a way that fosters the creation of productive jobs. The authors first document the magnitude and productivity of job and worker reallocation. Then they investigate the effects of privatization, product and labor market liberalization, and obstacles to growth in the new private sector on reallocation and its productivity in Hungary, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine. The authors find that market reform has resulted in a large increase in the pace of job reallocation, particularly that occurring between sectors and through firm turnover. Unlike under central planning, the job reallocation during the transition has contributed significantly to aggregate productivity growth. Privatization has not only stimulated intrasectoral job reallocation, but the reallocation is more productive than that among remaining state firms. The effect of privatization on firm productivity varies considerably across countries and is not always positive. The productivity gains from privatization have generally not come at the expense of workers but are rather associated with increased wages and employment.

Author : Mr.Waikei W. Lam,Xiaoguang Liu,Mr.Alfred Schipke
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2015-07-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513570693

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China’s Labor Market in the “New Normal” by Mr.Waikei W. Lam,Xiaoguang Liu,Mr.Alfred Schipke Pdf

As China implements reforms under the “new normal,” maintaining stability in the labor market is a priority. The country’s demography and labor dynamics are changing, after benefitting in past decades from ample cheap labor. So far, the labor market appears to be resilient, even as growth slows, driven in part by expansion of the services sector. Migrant flows and possible labor hoarding in overcapacity sectors may also help explain this. Yet, while the latter two factors help serve as shock absorbers— contributing to labor market stability in the short term—if they persist, they may delay the needed adjustment process, contributing to an inefficient allocation of resources and curtailing productivity gains. This paper quantifies to what extent structural trends and the reform pace affect employment growth under the new normal. Delays in reform implementation would weaken growth prospects in the medium term, running the risk that job creation will fall below policy targets, leading to labor market pressures in the future. In contrast, successful transition might require faster reforms, including in the overcapacity and state-owned enterprise sectors, supported by well targeted social safety nets.

Author : Mrs.Esther Perez Ruiz,Ms.Yao Yao
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 25 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2012-02-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781463946265

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Can Institutional Reform Reduce Job Destruction and Unemployment Duration? Yes it Can by Mrs.Esther Perez Ruiz,Ms.Yao Yao Pdf

We read search theory's unemployment equilibrium condition as an Iso-Unemployment Curve(IUC).The IUC is the locus of job destruction rates and expected unemployment durations rendering the same unemployment level. A country's position along the curve reveals its preferences over the destruction-duration mix, while its distance from the origin indicates the unemployment level at which such preferences are satisfied Using a panel of 20 OECD countries over 1985-2008, we find employment protection legislation to have opposing efects on destructions and durations, while the effects of the remaining key institutional factors on both variables tend to reinforce each other. Implementing the right reforms could reduce job destruction rates by about 0.05 to 0.25 percentage points and shorten unemployment spells by around 10 to 60 days. Consistent with this, unemployment rates would decline by between 0.75 and 5.5 percentage points, depending on a country's starting position.

Author : Ara Stepanyan,Jorge Salas
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 30 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2020-02-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513526874

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Distributional Implications of Labor Market Reforms: Learning from Spain's Experience by Ara Stepanyan,Jorge Salas Pdf

Spain’s structural reforms, implemented around 2012, have arguably contributed to a faster and stronger economic recovery. In particular, there is strong evidence that the 2012 labor market reforms increased wage flexibility, which helped the Spanish economy to regain competitiveness and create jobs. But the impact of these labor reforms on income inequality and social inclusion has not been analyzed much. This paper aims to shed light on this issue by employing an econometric decomposition procedure combined with the synthetic control method. The results indicate that the 2012 labor reforms have helped improve employment and income equality outcomes with no substantial impact on the overall risk of poverty. Nevertheless, the reforms appear to have induced a deterioration of average hours worked, in-work poverty, and possibly also of involuntary part-time employment.

Author : Gilles Saint-Paul
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Electronic
ISBN : CORNELL:31924088109347

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Some Thoughts on Macroeconomic Fluctuations and the Timing of Labor Market Reform by Gilles Saint-Paul Pdf

Author : Amine, Samir
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2018-02-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781522541356

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Employment Protection Legislation in Emerging Economies by Amine, Samir Pdf

New developments in legislation have increased the availability of employment. These advances result in long-term improvement of economic and sustainable development. Employment Protection Legislation in Emerging Economies is a critical scholarly resource that examines legislation relating to employment protection in developing economies and its impacts on unemployment, job creation, productivity, and the efficiency of the labor market. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics, such as labor reform, job creation, and the social protection agenda, this book is geared towards academicians, practitioners, and researchers seeking current research on legislation relating to employment protection.

Author : John T. Addison,Paul J.J. Welfens
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 403 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783662035993

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Labor Markets and Social Security by John T. Addison,Paul J.J. Welfens Pdf

Facing the globalization of economic relations and the challenge of NICs and eastern Europe, employment in most EU countries has stagnated. The focus here is upon labor market rules, unemployment dynamics, structural change and aspects of the social security system. Theoretical and empirical aspects as well as policy issues are discussed. Also addressed are matters related to monetary union that could compound labor market problems. Options for reforming labor markets and social security systems are considered throughout.