Lattice Preferred Orientation And Microstructures Of Minerals And Their Implications For Seismic Anisotropy

Author : Haemyeong Jung,Munjae Park
Publisher : Mdpi AG
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2021-12-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 3036526420

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Lattice-Preferred Orientation and Microstructures of Minerals and Their Implications for Seismic Anisotropy by Haemyeong Jung,Munjae Park Pdf

The lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) of minerals is important for interpreting seismic anisotropy, which occurs in the Earth's crust and mantle, and for understanding the internal structure of the deep interior of the Earth. The characterization of microstructures, including LPO, grain size, grain shape, and misorientation, is important to determine the deformation conditions, deformation histories, kinematics, and seismic anisotropies in the crust and mantle The articles in this Special Issue prove that studies of LPO and microstructures of minerals and rocks are a major research area and provide a foundation for interpreting seismic anisotropy in the crust, mantle, and subduction zones. Therefore, the authors hope that this Special Issue encompassing recent advances in the measurement of LPOs of different minerals under various tectonic settings will be a fundamental and valuable resource for the readers and researchers interested in exploring the deformation conditions of minerals and rocks, as well as the interpretation of seismic anisotropy in the crust, mantle, and subduction zones.

Author : David J. Prior,Ernest Henry Rutter,Daniel J. Tatham
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Geology, Structural
ISBN : 1862393389

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Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics by David J. Prior,Ernest Henry Rutter,Daniel J. Tatham Pdf

This collection of papers presents recent advances in the study of deformation mechanisms and rheology and their applications to tectonics. Many of the contributions exploit new petrofabric techniques, particularly electron backscatter diffraction, to help understand the evolution of rock microstructure and mechanical properties. Papers in the first section (lattice preferred orientations and anisotropy ) show a growing emphasis on the determination of elastic properties from petrofabrics, from which acoustic properties can be computed for comparison with in-situ seismic measurements. Such research will underpin geodynamic interpretation of large-scale active tectonics. Contributions in the second section (microstructures, mechanisms and rheology) study the relations between microstructural evolution during deformation and mechanical properties.

Author : S. Llana-Fúnez,A. Marcos,F. Bastida
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2014-06-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781862396272

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Deformation Structures and Processes within the Continental Crust by S. Llana-Fúnez,A. Marcos,F. Bastida Pdf

This volume presents a selection of papers showing the current focus of studies of deformation structures and processes within the continental crust. The selected contributions use a large range of analytical techniques suited to the full range of structure sizes and fine-tuned to the physical process that controls the deformation, from the grain boundary at the micro-scale, the lithological contact at the meso-scale to the plate boundary at the global scale. The papers in the volume are grouped into three sections relating to specific lines of research within the analysis of rock deformation structures and processes, in particular in respect to the continental crust: structures within shear zones and faults; magmatic structures, and microstructures and rheology. These sections include papers describing field studies, experimental rock deformation and numerical modelling of deformation processes.

Author : Tom G. Blenkinsop
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2007-05-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780306475436

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Deformation Microstructures and Mechanisms in Minerals and Rocks by Tom G. Blenkinsop Pdf

This book is a systematic guide to the recognition and interpretation of deformation microstructures and mechanisms in minerals and rocks at the scale of a thin section. Diagnostic features of microstructures and mechanisms are emphasized, and the subject is extensively illustrated with high-quality color and black and white photomicrographs, and many clear diagrams. After introducing three main classes of deformation microstructures and mechanisms, low- to high-grade deformation is presented in a logical sequence in Chapters 2 to 5. Magmatic/submagmatic deformation, shear sense indicators, and shock microstructures and metamorphism are described in Chapters 6 to 8, which are innovative chapters in a structural geology textbook. The final chapter shows how deformation microstructures and mechanisms can be used quantitatively to understand the behavior of the earth. Recent experimental research on failure criteria, frictional sliding laws, and flow laws is summarized in tables, and palaeopiezometry is discussed. Audience: This book is essential to all practising structural and tectonic geologists who use thin sections, and is an invaluable research tool for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates, lecturers and researchers in structural geology and tectonics.

Author : Hauke Marquardt,Maxim Ballmer,Sanne Cottaar,Jasper Konter
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2021-07-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119528616

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Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions by Hauke Marquardt,Maxim Ballmer,Sanne Cottaar,Jasper Konter Pdf

A multidisciplinary perspective on the dynamic processes occurring in Earth's mantle The convective motion of material in Earth's mantle, powered by heat from the deep interior of our planet, drives plate tectonics at the surface, generating earthquakes and volcanic activity. It shapes our familiar surface landscapes, and also stabilizes the oceans and atmosphere on geologic timescales. Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions brings together perspectives from observational geophysics, numerical modelling, geochemistry, and mineral physics to build a holistic picture of the deep Earth. It explores the dynamic processes occurring in the mantle as well as the associated heat and material cycles. Volume highlights include: Perspectives from different scientific disciplines with an emphasis on exploring synergies Current state of the mantle, its physical properties, compositional structure, and dynamic evolution Transport of heat and material through the mantle as constrained by geophysical observations, geochemical data and geodynamic model predictions Surface expressions of mantle dynamics and its control on planetary evolution and habitability The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 5604 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2015-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444538031

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Treatise on Geophysics by Anonim Pdf

Treatise on Geophysics, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and in-depth study of the physics of the Earth beyond what any geophysics text has provided previously. Thoroughly revised and updated, it provides fundamental and state-of-the-art discussion of all aspects of geophysics. A highlight of the second edition is a new volume on Near Surface Geophysics that discusses the role of geophysics in the exploitation and conservation of natural resources and the assessment of degradation of natural systems by pollution. Additional features include new material in the Planets and Moon, Mantle Dynamics, Core Dynamics, Crustal and Lithosphere Dynamics, Evolution of the Earth, and Geodesy volumes. New material is also presented on the uses of Earth gravity measurements. This title is essential for professionals, researchers, professors, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of Geophysics and Earth system science. Comprehensive and detailed coverage of all aspects of geophysics Fundamental and state-of-the-art discussions of all research topics Integration of topics into a coherent whole

Author : Hans Joachim Bunge,C. Esling,Deutsche Gesellschaft für Metallkunde
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 568 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : PSU:000014295621

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Quantitative Texture Analysis by Hans Joachim Bunge,C. Esling,Deutsche Gesellschaft für Metallkunde Pdf

Author : Serge Lallemand,Francesca Funiciello
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2009-02-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540879749

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Subduction Zone Geodynamics by Serge Lallemand,Francesca Funiciello Pdf

Subduction is a major process that plays a first-order role in the dynamics of the Earth. The sinking of cold lithosphere into the mantle is thought by many authors to be the most important source of energy for plates driving forces. It also deeply modifies the thermal and chemical structure of the mantle, producing arc volcanism and is responsible for the release of most of the seismic energy on Earth. There has been considerable achievements done during the past decades regarding the complex interactions between the various processes acting in subduction zones. This volume contains a collection of contributions that were presented in June 2007 in Montpellier (France) during a conference that gave a state of the art panorama and discussed the perspectives about "Subduction Zone Geodynamics". The papers included in this special volume offer a unique multidisciplinary picture of the recent research on subduction zones geodynamics. They are organized into five main topics: Subduction zone geodynamics, Seismic tomography and anisotropy, Great subduction zone earthquakes, Seismogenic zone characterization, Continental and ridge subduction processes. Each of the 13 papers collected in the present volume is primarily concerned with one of these topics. However, it is important to highlight that papers always treat more than one topic so that all are related lighting on different aspects of the complex and fascinating subduction zones geodynamics.

Author : Rolf Emmermann,Jürgen Wohlenberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 602 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642745881

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The German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB) by Rolf Emmermann,Jürgen Wohlenberg Pdf

In October 1986 the German Minister for Research and Technology (Bundesminister fUr Forschung und Technologie), Dr. H. Riesenhuber, officially announced that the super-deep borehole of the Continental Deep Drilling Program of the Federal Republic of Germany (KTB) would be drilled in the Oberpfalz area of Northern Bavaria. The site selection was based on a recommendation from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) made after an evaluation by the Project Management of the technical and financial risks involved. This decision was preceded by a conference held from September 19 to 21, 1986 in Seeheim/Odenwald at which the results of the site studies in the Oberpfalz and the Schwarzwald were presented and thoroughly debated. The models and scientific targets resulting from these investigations formed the basis for a vote by the DFG Senate Commission for Geoscientific Interdisciplinary Research which was taken immediately after the conference. After evaluation of all scientific and technical aspects, the members of the commission voted almost unanimously for the Oberpfalz site. It was, ho",'ever, strongly emphasized that both locations had a wealth of attractive research objectives and that despite clear-cut differences in some major aspects scientifically the two could be regarded as more or less equivalent. Both'locations would be excellent sites for research drilling and would certainly cor.

Author : Shun-ichiro Karato,Hans-Rudolph Wenk
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2018-12-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781501509285

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Plastic Deformation of Minerals and Rocks by Shun-ichiro Karato,Hans-Rudolph Wenk Pdf

Volume 51 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry highlights some of the frontiers in the study of plastic deformation of minerals and rocks. This book reviews large-strain shear deformation and deformation experiments under ultrahigh pressures; the issues of deformation of crustal rocks and the upper mantle; the interplay of partial melting and deformation; the new results of ultrahigh pressure deformation of deep mantle minerals; the stability of deformation under deep mantle conditions with special reference to phase transformations and their relationship to the origin of intermediate depth and deep-focus earthquakes; a detailed description of fracture mechanisms of ice; of experimental and theoretical studies on seismic wave attenuation; the relationship between crystal preferred orientation and macroscopic anisotropy; recent progress in poly-crystal plasticity to model the development of anisotropic fabrics both at the microscopic and macroscopic scale; a thorough review of seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle covering the vast regions of geodynamic interests and the theoretical aspects of shear localization. All chapters contain extensive reference lists to guide readers to the more specialized literature. This volume was written for a workshop, in December 2002 in Emeryville, California.

Author : Weijia Sun,Erdinc Saygin,Zengxi Ge,Christian Sippl,Chunquan Yu,Kazunori Yoshizawa
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2023-05-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832523858

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Lithospheric diversity: New perspective on structure, composition and evolution by Weijia Sun,Erdinc Saygin,Zengxi Ge,Christian Sippl,Chunquan Yu,Kazunori Yoshizawa Pdf

Author : Shun-ichiro Karato
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2012-07-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139469562

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Deformation of Earth Materials by Shun-ichiro Karato Pdf

This graduate textbook presents a comprehensive, unified treatment of the materials science of deformation as applied to solid Earth geophysics and geology. The deformation of Earth materials is presented in a systematic way covering elastic, anelastic and viscous deformation. Advanced discussions on relevant debates are also included to bring readers a full picture of science in this interdisciplinary area. This textbook is ideal for graduate courses on the rheology and dynamics of solid Earth, and includes review questions with solutions so readers can monitor their understanding of the material presented. It is also a much-needed reference for geoscientists in many fields including geology, geophysics, geochemistry, materials science, mineralogy and ceramics.

Author : G. Ian Alsop
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Science
ISBN : 186239153X

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Flow Processes in Faults and Shear Zones by G. Ian Alsop Pdf

Faults and their deeper level equivalents, shear zones, are localized regions of intense deformation within the Earth. They are recognized at all scales from micro to plate boundary, and are important examples of the nature of heterogeneous deformation in natural rocks. Faults and shear zones are significant as they profoundly influence the location, architecture and evolution of a broad range of geological phenomenao The topography and bathymetry of the Earth's surface is marked by mountain belts and sedimentary basins that are controlled by faults and shear zoneso In addition, faults and shear zones control fluid migration and transport including hydrothermal and hydrocarbon systems. Once faults and shear zones are established, they are often long-lived features prone to multiple reactivation over very large time-scales. This collection of papers addresses lithospheric deformation and the rheology of shear zones, together with processes of partitioning and the unravelling of fault and shear zone histories.

Author : Jaroslava Plomerova,Robert C. Liebermann,Vladislav Babuska
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034887779

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Geodynamics of Lithosphere & Earth’s Mantle by Jaroslava Plomerova,Robert C. Liebermann,Vladislav Babuska Pdf

Plate tectonics has significantly broadened our view of the dynamics of continental evolution, involving both the processes currently active at the surface and those extending deep into the interior of the Earth. Seismic anisotropy provides some of the most diagnostic evidence for mapping past and present deformation of the entire crustmantle system. This volume contains papers presented originally at an international workshop at the Chateau of Trest in the Czech Republic in 1996. This workshop brought together geophysicists and geologists who work in the field of observational and theoretical seismology, mineral and rock physics, gravity studies and geodynamic modelling. Topics include large-scale anisotropy of the Earth's mantle, mantle heterogeneity vs. anisotropy 3-D velocity and density structures and inferences on mantle dynamics, mineral and rock physics studies, and mathematical aspects of complex wave propagation.

Author : Krishanu Biswas,Sri Sivakumar,Nilesh Gurao
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2022-02-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811651014

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Electron Microscopy in Science and Engineering by Krishanu Biswas,Sri Sivakumar,Nilesh Gurao Pdf

This issue of Direction focuses on the rapid proliferation of electron microscopy (EM) for scientific as well as technological research. The content written by leading experts is intended to provide the capabilities of EM facilities, set at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur to solve various problems and caters to the needs of both internal and external users. The book provides a detailed and comprehensive viewpoint of the basic features and advanced capabilities of EM facilities to the scientific community. A large number of electron microscopes have been installed and utilized by researchers across various engineering and science departments; hence, this volume provides both breadth as well as depth of various EM facilities available at the institute.