Lexical Relations

Author : Herbert Reichl
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 18 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2003-04-08
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 9783638182416

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Lexical Relations by Herbert Reichl Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 1999 in the subject American Studies - Linguistics, grade: Good, University of Salzburg (Anglistics/ American Studies), course: The Vocabulary of English: Lexical and Morphological Issues, 5 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: There is no doubt, also - and especially - among experts, that our mental vocabulary is highly organised. There are a lot of relations between the single words of a language and the meanings of these words, respectively. Among linguists, these relations are called “semantic relations”, “sense relations” or “lexical relations”. These semantic relations can be analysed and described for the most part, and in the following, the most important ones of these relations are to be presented. In order to give a short, critical description of the state of the art, it must be said that there are lots of research projects on this topic. However, this paper can only include some of them. Literature which was used can be found under point six, “List Of Works Cited”. Project delimitations have only been made as far as detail is concerned. Since this paper is only a very short piece of research, the authors have confined themselves not to go into too much detail, but rather try to give a good survey of the topic. Lexical relations can be roughly divided into: · Types of ambiguity (polysemy, homonymy) · Types of congruence (synonymy, hyponymy, meronymy, relations of contrast) · Lexical fields

Author : Jean-Pierre Koenig
Publisher : Center for the Study of Language and Information Publications
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1999-03-13
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1575861763

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Lexical Relations by Jean-Pierre Koenig Pdf

The thrust of this book is to provide a model of lexical relations which reconciles the lexicon's idiosyncratic and productive aspects. Building on work in Head-Driven Phrase-Structure Grammar, an organization of lexical knowledge is proposed called the Type Underspecified Hierarchical Lexicon through which partial regularities, medium-size generalization, and truly productive processes receive a unified model. Its basic thesis is that all lexical relations reduce to categorization (the membership of the two related lexemes in a common category) and that category intersection is the only mechanism needed to model lexical processes provided lexical items can be stored partially underspecified as to their category membership. Aside from the conceptual simplification that results from this move, the book demonstrates that several empirical and theoretical benefits accrue to this architecture; in particular, many salient properties of morphological processes are shown to reduce to inherent, formal properties of the organization of the lexicon.

Author : D. A. Cruse
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1986-09-18
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0521276438

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Lexical Semantics by D. A. Cruse Pdf

Lexical Semantics is about the meaning of words. Although obviously a central concern of linguistics, the semantic behaviour of words has been unduly neglected in the current literature, which has tended to emphasize sentential semantics and its relation to formal systems of logic. In this textbook D. A. Cruse establishes in a principled and disciplined way the descriptive and generalizable facts about lexical relations that any formal theory of semantics will have to encompass. Among the topics covered in depth are idiomaticity, lexical ambiguity, synonymy, hierarchical relations such as hyponymy and meronymy, and various types of oppositeness. Syntagmatic relations are also treated in some detail. The discussions are richly illustrated by examples drawn almost entirely from English. Although a familiarity with traditional grammar is assumed, readers with no technical linguistic background will find the exposition always accessible. All readers with an interest in semantics will find in this original text not only essential background but a stimulating new perspective on the field.

Author : Petra Storjohann
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2010-06-23
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027288165

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Lexical-Semantic Relations by Petra Storjohann Pdf

This collection of articles sketches the complexity of the subject of lexical-semantic relations and addresses semantic, lexicographic and computational issues on an array of meaning relations in different languages. It brings together a variety of linguistic studies on the contextualised construction of synonymy and antonymy in discourse. It shows that research on language and cognition calls for empirical evidence from different sources. This volume demonstrates how the internet, corpus data, as well as psycholinguistic methods contribute profitably to gain insights into the nature of the paradigmatics in actual language use. Furthermore, the volume is concerned with practical and application-oriented research on lexical databases, and it includes explorations of sense-related items in dictionaries from both a text-technological and lexicographic perspective.

Author : Manfred Stede
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1999-01-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0792384199

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Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation in Multilingual Text Generation by Manfred Stede Pdf

In knowledge-based natural language generation, issues of formal knowledge representation meet with the linguistic problems of choosing the most appropriate verbalization in a particular situation of utterance. Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation in Multilingual Text Generation presents a new approach to systematically linking the realms of lexical semantics and knowledge represented in a description logic. For language generation from such abstract representations, lexicalization is taken as the central step: when choosing words that cover the various parts of the content representation, the principal decisions on conveying the intended meaning are made. A preference mechanism is used to construct the utterance that is best tailored to parameters representing the context. Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation in Multilingual Text Generation develops the means for systematically deriving a set of paraphrases from the same underlying representation with the emphasis on events and verb meaning. Furthermore, the same mapping mechanism is used to achieve multilingual generation: English and German output are produced in parallel, on the basis of an adequate division between language-neutral and language-specific (lexical and grammatical) knowledge. Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation in Multilingual Text Generation provides detailed insights into designing the representations and organizing the generation process. Readers with a background in artificial intelligence, cognitive science, knowledge representation, linguistics, or natural language processing will find a model of language production that can be adapted to a variety of purposes.

Author : Alexander Gelbukh,Olga Kolesnikova
Publisher : Springer
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012-08-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642287718

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Semantic Analysis of Verbal Collocations with Lexical Functions by Alexander Gelbukh,Olga Kolesnikova Pdf

This book is written for both linguists and computer scientists working in the field of artificial intelligence as well as to anyone interested in intelligent text processing. Lexical function is a concept that formalizes semantic and syntactic relations between lexical units. Collocational relation is a type of institutionalized lexical relations which holds between the base and its partner in a collocation. Knowledge of collocation is important for natural language processing because collocation comprises the restrictions on how words can be used together. The book shows how collocations can be annotated with lexical functions in a computer readable dictionary - allowing their precise semantic analysis in texts and their effective use in natural language applications including parsers, high quality machine translation, periphrasis system and computer-aided learning of lexica. The books shows how to extract collocations from corpora and annotate them with lexical functions automatically. To train algorithms, the authors created a dictionary of lexical functions containing more than 900 Spanish disambiguated and annotated examples which is a part of this book. The obtained results show that machine learning is feasible to achieve the task of automatic detection of lexical functions.

Author : Jeffrey S. Gruber
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1970
Category : English language
ISBN : STANFORD:36105036797293

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Studies in Lexical Relations by Jeffrey S. Gruber Pdf

Author : Leo Wanner
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1996-02-23
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027282002

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Lexical Functions in Lexicography and Natural Language Processing by Leo Wanner Pdf

Lexical Functions in Lexicography and Natural Language Processing is entirely devoted to the topic of Lexical Functions, which have been introduced in the framework of the Meaning-Text Theory (MTT) as a means for describing restricted lexical co-occurrence and derivational relations. It provides detailed background information, comparative studies of other known proposals for the representation of relations covered by Lexical Functions, as well as a selection of most important works done on and with Lexical Functions in lexicography and computational linguistics. This volume provides excellent course material while it also reports on the state-of-the-art in the field.

Author : M. Lynne Murphy
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2003-10-02
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781139437455

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Semantic Relations and the Lexicon by M. Lynne Murphy Pdf

Semantic Relations and the Lexicon explores the many paradigmatic semantic relations between words, such as synonymy, antonymy and hyponymy, and their relevance to the mental organization of our vocabularies. Drawing on a century's research in linguistics, psychology, philosophy, anthropology and computer science, M. Lynne Murphy proposes a pragmatic approach to these relations. Whereas traditional approaches have claimed that paradigmatic relations are part of our lexical knowledge, Dr Murphy argues that they constitute metalinguistic knowledge, which can be derived through a single relational principle, and may also be stored as part of our extra-lexical, conceptual representations of a word. Part I shows how this approach can account for the properties of lexical relations in ways that traditional approaches cannot, and Part II examines particular relations in detail. This book will serve as an informative handbook for all linguists and cognitive scientists interested in the mental representation of vocabulary.

Author : Dennis Spohr
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2012-01-27
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110271232

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Towards a Multifunctional Lexical Resource by Dennis Spohr Pdf

What are the principles according to which lexical data should be represented in order to form a lexical database that can serve as a basis for the construction of several different monofunctional dictionaries? Starting from the notion of lexicographic functions as defined by Henning Bergenholtz and Sven Tarp, this question is approached by analysing how current electronic dictionaries and lexical resource models attempt to satisfy the needs of different types of users in different usage situations, in order to identify general requirements on the model for a lexical resource that aims to be “multifunctional” in the above sense. Based on this analysis, this book explores the use of formalisms developed in the context of the semantic web to approach both general and specific lexicographic questions, in particular the representation of multi-word expressions and their properties and relations. In doing so, this book not only addresses several topics which are of relevance to lexicographers and computational linguists alike, but also supports its claims by providing a prototypical implementation of a multifunctional lexical resource using semantic web formalisms.

Author : M. Lynne Murphy
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2010-10-28
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781139493376

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Lexical Meaning by M. Lynne Murphy Pdf

The ideal introduction for students of semantics, Lexical Meaning fills the gap left by more general semantics textbooks, providing the teacher and the student with insights into word meaning beyond the traditional overviews of lexical relations. The book explores the relationship between word meanings and syntax and semantics more generally. It provides a balanced overview of the main theoretical approaches, along with a lucid explanation of their relative strengths and weaknesses. After covering the main topics in lexical meaning, such as polysemy and sense relations, the textbook surveys the types of meanings represented by different word classes. It explains abstract concepts in clear language, using a wide range of examples, and includes linguistic puzzles in each chapter to encourage the student to practise using the concepts. 'Adopt-a-Word' exercises give students the chance to research a particular word, building a portfolio of specialist work on a single word.

Author : Uri Zernik
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2021-03-24
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 9781317717348

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Lexical Acquisition by Uri Zernik Pdf

On-line information -- and free text in particular -- has emerged as a major, yet unexploited, resource available in raw form. Available, but not accessible. The lexicon provides the major key for enabling accessibility to on-line text. The expert contributors to this book explore the range of possibilities for the generation of extensive lexicons. In so doing, they investigate the use of existing on-line dictionaries and thesauri, and explain how lexicons can be acquired from the corpus -- the text under investigation -- itself. Leading researchers in four related fields offer the latest investigations: computational linguists cover the natural language processing aspect; statisticians point out the issues involved in the use of massive data; experts discuss the limitations of current technology; and lexicographers share their experience in the design of the traditional dictionaries.

Author : Marie-Claude L'Homme
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2020-01-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027261786

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Lexical Semantics for Terminology by Marie-Claude L'Homme Pdf

Lexical Semantics for Terminology: An introduction explores the interconnections between lexical semantics and terminology. More specifically, it shows how principles borrowed from lexico-semantic frameworks and methodologies derived from them can help understand terms and describe them in resources. It also explains how lexical analysis complements perspectives primarily focused on knowledge. Topics such as term identification, meaning, polysemy, relations between terms, and equivalence are discussed thoroughly and illustrated with examples taken from various fields of knowledge. This book is an indispensable companion for those who are interested in words and work with specialized terms, e.g. terminologists, translators, lexicographers, corpus linguists. A background in terminology or lexical semantics is not required since all notions are defined and explained. This book complements other textbooks on terminology that do not focus on lexical semantics per se.

Author : Rafael Munoz,Andres Montoyo,Elisabeth Metais
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2011-06-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642223266

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Natural Language Processing and Information Systems by Rafael Munoz,Andres Montoyo,Elisabeth Metais Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, held in Alicante, Spain, in June 2011. The 11 revised full papers and 11 revised short papers presented together with 23 poster papers, 1 invited talk and 6 papers of the NLDB 2011 doctoral symposium were carefully reviewed and selected from 74 submissions. The papers address all aspects of Natural Language Processing related areas and present current research on topics such as natural language in conceptual modeling, NL interfaces for data base querying/retrieval, NL-based integration of systems, large-scale online linguistic resources, applications of computational linguistics in information systems, management of textual databases NL on data warehouses and data mining, NLP applications, as well as NL and ubiquitous computing.

Author : Dirk Geeraerts
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780198700302

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Theories of Lexical Semantics by Dirk Geeraerts Pdf

This text provides an introduction to the history and current state of theories of word meanings.