Literature Review On Linkages Between Child Nutrition And Economic Growth

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Literature review on linkages between child nutrition and economic growth

Haile, Beliyou,Azzarri, Carlo,Ahn, Hee Eun
Literature review on linkages between child nutrition and economic growth Book PDF

Author : Haile, Beliyou,Azzarri, Carlo,Ahn, Hee Eun
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2021-11-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Literature review on linkages between child nutrition and economic growth by Haile, Beliyou,Azzarri, Carlo,Ahn, Hee Eun Pdf

This document summarizes published and grey literature on conceptual framework on the link between child nutrition and economic growth, determinants of child undernutrition, types of investments to enhance maternal and child nutrition, and linkages between urbanization and child nutrition. Several in-sights emerge from the review. First, and despite progresses over the last several decades, maternal and child malnutrition is still prevalent in developing countries and the progress has been uneven. While the percentage of chronically malnourished (stunted) children declined across the developing world, the number of stunted children in Africa increased due to slower reduction in stunting prevalence and population growth. Many developing countries are experiencing the coexistence of different forms of malnutrition including undernutrition, micronutrient deficiency, and overnutrition. Second, child undernutrition, especially stunting during the first 1,000 days of life, has several short- and long-term effects on individuals and economies that include impaired cognitive and non-cognitive development, poor educational performance, low productivity and earnings, and higher healthcare costs. Third, the determinants of child undernutrition are broadly classified as the immediate determinants including dietary intake and diseases; the underlying determinants that include household food security, quality of care and household living environment, and access to healthcare; and the basic determinants that include access to productive resources, stock of capital, as well as socioeconomic, political and cultural factors. Investments to enhance child nutrition can target either the immediate determinants (known as nutrition-specific investments) or the underlying determinants (known as nutrition-sensitive investments). Fourth, the effect of urbanization on child nutrition is mostly determined by the extent to which urban settlements offer their residents with better economic opportunities (e.g., better paying jobs and markets for nutritious food) and services (e.g., healthier living environments). Fifth, given the multilayer causes of child undernutrition, a multi-sectoral approach is needed to address the various determinants of undernutrition to improve maternal nutrition, promote optimal infant and young child feeding practices, enhance household food security, as well as improve healthy living environment and access to quality health care.

Extreme weather and undernutrition: A critical but constructive review of the literature

Headey, Derek,Venkat, Aishwarya
Extreme weather and undernutrition A critical but constructive review of the literature Book PDF

Author : Headey, Derek,Venkat, Aishwarya
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2024-02-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Extreme weather and undernutrition: A critical but constructive review of the literature by Headey, Derek,Venkat, Aishwarya Pdf

Climate change is resulting in increased frequency of extreme weather events, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) already characterized by highly vulnerable malnourished populations. Unsurprisingly, there are many empirical studies of the linkages between extreme weather events and undernutrition, especially stunting and wasting in early childhood, and several existing reviews of this literature. However, the quality of empirical studies in this highly multi-disciplinary literature is uneven, and existing reviews do exhaustively illustrate the potential pitfalls of climate-nutrition analyses. In this more critical review, we therefore have five objectives. First, to map out the existing literature, particularly in terms of the types of dependent and independent variables used, the geographies in which different studies focus their analysis, and the types of statistical methods used. Our second objective is to illustrate the empirical limitations and pitfalls of this literature through a more critical review. Our third objective is to be critically constructive, by developing a checklist of good practices for analytical studies in this literature, which we hope will be formalized and broadly adopted. Our fourth objective is to illustrate the usefulness of these good practices through a deep dive into what we consider an exemplary study in the literature from Blom et al. (2022). Our final objective is to identify possible steps for new types of survey methods and data collection, actions for the adoption of best-practice analytical methods and identify important research questions for future research.

Accounting for Climate Risks in Costing the Sustainable Development Goals

Rimjhim Aggarwal,Piergiorgio M Carapella,Ms. Tewodaj Mogues,Julieth C Pico-Mejia
Accounting for Climate Risks in Costing the Sustainable Development Goals Book PDF

Author : Rimjhim Aggarwal,Piergiorgio M Carapella,Ms. Tewodaj Mogues,Julieth C Pico-Mejia
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2024-03-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400264061

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Accounting for Climate Risks in Costing the Sustainable Development Goals by Rimjhim Aggarwal,Piergiorgio M Carapella,Ms. Tewodaj Mogues,Julieth C Pico-Mejia Pdf

This paper evaluates the additional spending needed to meet core targets of selected Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) while accounting for the associated cost to address climate risks. The SDGs under study are those related to human and physical capital development. An additional 3.8 percent of global GDP, or US$3.4 trillion, of public and private spending will be required by 2030 to achieve a strong performance in the selected SDGs while addressing associated climate risks. This includes an increase of 0.4 percent of global GDP (US$358 billion) compared to estimates that do not account for mitigation and adaptation needs within these sectors. LIDCs and SSA experience the highest climate-related cost augmentation relative to GDP, while EMEs (driven by large Asian emerging economies) bear the largest cost in absolute terms.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 8)

Donald A. P. Bundy,Nilanthi de Silva,Susan Horton,Dean T. Jamison
Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 8 Book PDF

Author : Donald A. P. Bundy,Nilanthi de Silva,Susan Horton,Dean T. Jamison
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464804397

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Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 8) by Donald A. P. Bundy,Nilanthi de Silva,Susan Horton,Dean T. Jamison Pdf

More children born today will survive to adulthood than at any time in history. It is now time to emphasize health and development in middle childhood and adolescence--developmental phases that are critical to health in adulthood and the next generation. Child and Adolescent Health and Development explores the benefits that accrue from sustained and targeted interventions across the first two decades of life. The volume outlines the investment case for effective, costed, and scalable interventions for low-resource settings, emphasizing the cross-sectoral role of education. This evidence base can guide policy makers in prioritizing actions to promote survival, health, cognition, and physical growth throughout childhood and adolescence.

A review of studies examining the link between food insecurity and malnutrition

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
A review of studies examining the link between food insecurity and malnutrition Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 73 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2018-10-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789251309421

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A review of studies examining the link between food insecurity and malnutrition by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

A review of 120 studies published since 2006 was undertaken to examine the relationship between food insecurity at the household or individual level and the following nutrition indicators: child stunting, child wasting, low birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding of infants < 6 months of age, anaemia in women of reproductive age, child overweight and adult obesity. While there is some evidence of a direct association between food insecurity and stunting for children in lower-middle and upper-middle income countries, evidence of links between food insecurity and either child wasting or overweight is almost absent, with the exception of an association with overweight among girls in middle- and high-income countries. The obesity–food insecurity link is most predominant among women in high-income countries, while it is almost absent in men. In addition, food insecurity increases the risk for low birth weight in infants and anaemia in women. Methodological concerns that pose challenges for valid comparison of results relate to study design, data analysis techniques, use of different indicators of household/individual food security and malnutrition, and the limited availability of high-quality micro-level data from large-scale surveys. Most studies report correlation rather than causal associations between food insecurity and nutrition indicators; longitudinal micro-level data from large-scale surveys can help establish causal association and capture the dynamic nature of food insecurity. Food insecurity emerges as a predictor of undernutrition as well as overweight and obesity, highlighting the need for multisectoral strategies and policies to combat food insecurity and multiple forms of malnutrition.

Polygynous family structure and child undernutrition in Nigeria

Amare, Mulubrhan,Arndt, Channing,Mahrt, Kristi,Mavrotas, George
Polygynous family structure and child undernutrition in Nigeria Book PDF

Author : Amare, Mulubrhan,Arndt, Channing,Mahrt, Kristi,Mavrotas, George
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 23 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2020-04-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Polygynous family structure and child undernutrition in Nigeria by Amare, Mulubrhan,Arndt, Channing,Mahrt, Kristi,Mavrotas, George Pdf

There is a growing interest in the research literature in exploring how child nutrition is affected by sociocultural practices, such as polygyny. However, evaluation of the effect of polygyny on child nutrition has been hindered by the complexity of the relationship. This paper investigates the effect of polygyny on anthropometric outcomes while recognizing that unobservable household characteristics may simultaneously influence both the decision to form a polygynous union and the ability of the household to adequately nourish children. Polygyny can affect children’s nutrition through increased family size, early marriage, and the level of household investment in child health. In this paper, we apply an instrumental variable approach based on the occurrence of same sex siblings in a woman’s first two births to generate exogenous variation in polygyny. Using data from the 2008 and 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys, we find a detrimental effect of polygyny on child undernutrition, with a greater effect in poorer households and those resident in more urban locations.

World Development Report 2008

World Bank
World Development Report 2008 Book PDF

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2007-10-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821368095

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World Development Report 2008 by World Bank Pdf

The world's demand for food is expected to double within the next 50 years, while the natural resources that sustain agriculture will become increasingly scarce, degraded, and vulnerable to the effects of climate change. In many poor countries, agriculture accounts for at least 40 percent of GDP and 80 percent of employment. At the same time, about 70 percent of the world's poor live in rural areas and most depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. 'World Development Report 2008' seeks to assess where, when, and how agriculture can be an effective instrument for economic development, especially development that favors the poor. It examines several broad questions: How has agriculture changed in developing countries in the past 20 years? What are the important new challenges and opportunities for agriculture? Which new sources of agricultural growth can be captured cost effectively in particular in poor countries with large agricultural sectors as in Africa? How can agricultural growth be made more effective for poverty reduction? How can governments facilitate the transition of large populations out of agriculture, without simply transferring the burden of rural poverty to urban areas? How can the natural resource endowment for agriculture be protected? How can agriculture's negative environmental effects be contained? This year's report marks the 30th year the World Bank has been publishing the 'World Development Report'.

The Operational Evidence Base for Delivering Direct Nutrition Interventions in India

Rasmi Avula,Suneetha Kadiyala,Kavita Singh,Purnima Menon
The Operational Evidence Base for Delivering Direct Nutrition Interventions in India Book PDF

Author : Rasmi Avula,Suneetha Kadiyala,Kavita Singh,Purnima Menon
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Operational Evidence Base for Delivering Direct Nutrition Interventions in India by Rasmi Avula,Suneetha Kadiyala,Kavita Singh,Purnima Menon Pdf

The persistence of undernutrition in the face of India’s impressive economic growth is of enormous concern. Less than 55 percent of mothers and children receive any essential health and nutrition inputs that are critical for improving maternal and child nutrition. We conducted a desk review (1) to document the extent to which national and civil society/NGO programs in India reflect current technical recommendations for nutrition and (2) assess the operational evidence base for implementing essential interventions for nutrition in the Indian context. We reviewed the design of the two major national programs, Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). Subsequently, we used Google Scholar to search the published literature from 2000 to 2012 for evidence of interventions addressing the inputs to improve child nutrition. Finally, we contacted 70 program stakeholders to identify the unpublished evidence on inputs in program models implemented by civil society/nongovernment organizations. We find that, by design, the two national programs (ICDS and NRHM) together appear to incorporate all the essential inputs and use evidence-based interventions. There is an expectation by design that the frontline workers of ICDS and NRHM coordinate and collaborate to deliver the interventions. A review of 22 program models shows that a majority focused on improving breastfeeding and timely initiation of complementary feeding. However, only a few addressed the full spectrum of complementary feeding, vitamin A deficiency, pediatric anemia, and severe acute malnutrition. None addressed how to reduce intestinal parasitic burdens or prevent malaria. There is limited published literature on the effectiveness of the recommended interventions to deliver the essential inputs. There are few efficacy studies and even fewer effectiveness studies or program evaluations on delivering essential nutrition interventions in the Indian context. The most commonly used delivery strategies across multiple essential inputs were home visits that involved individual or group counseling by community health workers or by self-help groups. Mass media and community events such as marriages and fairs were used as avenues to generate support for the interventions. Some programs used community mobilization to promote the interventions. Several of these programs worked to improve coordination and convergence between ICDS and NRHM and to strengthen these existing systems through training, improved monitoring, and supervision. Overall, a large gap persists in both the published and gray literature on how to promote interventions to address the essential inputs. Much more operational evidence is needed to ensure high-quality delivery of the evidence-based interventions that are already being implemented nationwide. Given the potential for the national programs to effectively deliver interventions to achieve maximum coverage and impact, and the government of India’s current interest in ICDS system strengthening, this is an opportune time to test some of the innovations using the ICDS and NRHM platforms.

Food Security and Child Malnutrition

Areej Hassan
Food Security and Child Malnutrition Book PDF

Author : Areej Hassan
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2016-12-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781315341538

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Food Security and Child Malnutrition by Areej Hassan Pdf

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. Food security and child malnutrition are at the forefront of our attention, both nationally and internationally. The chapters contained in this compendium include a range of methodologies—literature review, cross-sectional study, longitudinal study, case-control, and even a focus group!—all of which examine this urgent issue, revealing new perspectives and facets of information. The international roster of contributors present a nuanced look at food security and child malnutrition with research into food security measures in many nations around the world. The Children's HealthWatch has been a leader in the work being done in this area, and some of their work is included here. The book is broken into several parts, covering defining food security food security, nutrition, and growth and development food security and mental and physical health food security and child obesity conclusion, with an information study from The Children's Healthwatch on household hardships, public programs, and their associations with the health and development of very young children The range of topics and information presented here will be valuable for those involved with food security advocacy, policymakers, researchers, social service professionals working children and families, and others.

A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Building an Agenda to Reduce the Number of Children in Poverty by Half in 10 Years
A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Building an Agenda to Reduce the Number of Children in Poverty by Half in 10 Years
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 619 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309483988

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A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Building an Agenda to Reduce the Number of Children in Poverty by Half in 10 Years Pdf

The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.

Economic shocks and child wasting

Headey, Derek D.,Ruel, Marie T.
Economic shocks and child wasting Book PDF

Author : Headey, Derek D.,Ruel, Marie T.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Economic shocks and child wasting by Headey, Derek D.,Ruel, Marie T. Pdf

In developing countries macroeconomic volatility is common, and severe negative economic shocks can substantially increase poverty and food insecurity. Less well understood are the implications of these contractions for child acute malnutrition (wasting), a major risk factor for under-5 mortality. This study explores the nutritional impacts of growth shocks over 1990-2018 by linking wasting outcomes collected for 1.256 million children from 52 countries to lagged annual changes in national income. Difference-in-difference estimates suggest that a 10% annual decline in national income increases moderate/severe (WHZ<-2) and severe wasting (WHZ<-3) by 14 and 22 percent. An exploration of possible mechanisms suggests negative economic shocks increase risks of diarrhea, fever, and maternal underweight prevalence, and reduce child dietary diversity. Applying these results to the predicted economic impacts of COVID-19 suggests that millions of pre-school children are at increased risk of wasting and wasting-related morbidity and mortality unless urgent preventative action is taken.

Nutrition and an Active Life

Wilma Freire,Pan American Health Organization
Nutrition and an Active Life Book PDF

Author : Wilma Freire,Pan American Health Organization
Publisher : Pan American Health Org
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789275116128

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Nutrition and an Active Life by Wilma Freire,Pan American Health Organization Pdf

This publication contains thirteen papers written by leading international public health professionals on a range of topics including the role of research into early childhood nutrition and the formulation of infant feeding policies; the control of iodine and vitamin A deficiencies; folic acid fortification of wheat flour; breast-feeding practices; nutrition recommendations within the context of local urban market realities; promoting active lifestyles and health urban spaces; and the importance of urban planning and public transport to public health objectives.

Role of income inequality in shaping outcomes on individual food insecurity

Holleman, C., Conti, V.
Role of income inequality in shaping outcomes on individual food insecurity Book PDF

Author : Holleman, C., Conti, V.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2020-11-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789251336090

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Role of income inequality in shaping outcomes on individual food insecurity by Holleman, C., Conti, V. Pdf

Despite relatively high economic growth rates in many developing countries in the last two decades, income inequality has remained high and even increased. This has important policy implications as high-income inequality undercuts the benefits of economic growth in reducing food insecurity. This paper uses the 2014 Gallup World Poll (GWP) dataset of individual food insecurity based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) and employs a three-level linear probability model to assess the macro-economic effects of economic growth and income inequality on individual food insecurity. Results show that increases in the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita are concurrent with declines in individual food insecurity. However, income inequality increases the likelihood of food insecurity, and where there is economic growth it undercuts the positive effect of economic growth on individual food security. The findings suggest that by tackling income inequality, economic growth can become a force for reducing food insecurity, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This paper was prepared as background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019.

Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa

Dean T. Jamison
Disease and Mortality in Sub Saharan Africa Book PDF

Author : Dean T. Jamison
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2006-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780821363980

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Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa by Dean T. Jamison Pdf

Current data and trends in morbidity and mortality for the sub-Saharan Region as presented in this new edition reflect the heavy toll that HIV/AIDS has had on health indicators, leading to either a stalling or reversal of the gains made, not just for communicable disorders, but for cancers, as well as mental and neurological disorders.

POSHAN’s abstract digest on maternal and child nutrition research – Issue 15

Avula, Rasmi
POSHAN s abstract digest on maternal and child nutrition research Issue 15 Book PDF

Author : Avula, Rasmi
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2016-12-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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POSHAN’s abstract digest on maternal and child nutrition research – Issue 15 by Avula, Rasmi Pdf

This last issue of the Abstract Digest for 2016 brings to focus the importance of maternal factors including pre- and peri-conceptional nutrition, education and stature, as well as macro-level factors such as sustained economic growth and investments in health, education, and water for the overall well-being of a child.