Logic And Uncertainty In The Human Mind

Author : Shira Elqayam,Igor Douven,Jonathan St B. T. Evans,Nicole Cruz
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-10
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781351620420

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Logic and Uncertainty in the Human Mind by Shira Elqayam,Igor Douven,Jonathan St B. T. Evans,Nicole Cruz Pdf

David E. Over is a leading cognitive scientist and, with his firm grounding in philosophical logic, he also exerts a powerful influence on the psychology of reasoning. He is responsible for not only a large body of empirical work and accompanying theory, but for advancing a major shift in thinking about reasoning, commonly known as the ‘new paradigm’ in the psychology of human reasoning. Over’s signature mix of philosophical logic and experimental psychology has inspired generations of researchers, psychologists, and philosophers alike over more than a quarter of a century. The chapters in this volume, written by a leading group of contributors including a number who helped shape the psychology of reasoning as we know it today, each take their starting point from the key themes of Over’s ground-breaking work. The essays in this collection explore a wide range of central topics—such as rationality, bias, dual processes, and dual systems—as well as contemporary psychological and philosophical theories of conditionals. It concludes with an engaging new chapter, authored by David E. Over himself, which details and analyses the new paradigm psychology of reasoning. This book is therefore important reading for scholars, researchers, and advanced students in psychology, philosophy, and the cognitive sciences, including those who are not familiar with Over’s thought already.

Author : Shira Elqayam,Igor Douven,Jonathan St B. T. Evans,Nicole Cruz
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-10
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781351620413

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Logic and Uncertainty in the Human Mind by Shira Elqayam,Igor Douven,Jonathan St B. T. Evans,Nicole Cruz Pdf

David E. Over is a leading cognitive scientist and, with his firm grounding in philosophical logic, he also exerts a powerful influence on the psychology of reasoning. He is responsible for not only a large body of empirical work and accompanying theory, but for advancing a major shift in thinking about reasoning, commonly known as the ‘new paradigm’ in the psychology of human reasoning. Over’s signature mix of philosophical logic and experimental psychology has inspired generations of researchers, psychologists, and philosophers alike over more than a quarter of a century. The chapters in this volume, written by a leading group of contributors including a number who helped shape the psychology of reasoning as we know it today, each take their starting point from the key themes of Over’s ground-breaking work. The essays in this collection explore a wide range of central topics—such as rationality, bias, dual processes, and dual systems—as well as contemporary psychological and philosophical theories of conditionals. It concludes with an engaging new chapter, authored by David E. Over himself, which details and analyses the new paradigm psychology of reasoning. This book is therefore important reading for scholars, researchers, and advanced students in psychology, philosophy, and the cognitive sciences, including those who are not familiar with Over’s thought already.

Author : Florence Dupin de Saint-Cyr,Meltem Öztürk-Escoffier,Nico Potyka
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-14
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031188435

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Scalable Uncertainty Management by Florence Dupin de Saint-Cyr,Meltem Öztürk-Escoffier,Nico Potyka Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Scalable Uncertainty Management, SUM 2022, which was held in Paris, France, in October 2022. The 19 full and 4 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 25 submissions. Besides that, the book also contains 3 abstracts of invited talks and 2 tutorial papers. The conference aims to gather researchers with a common interest in managing and analyzing imperfect information from a wide range of fields, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, databases, information retrieval and data mining, the semantic web and risk analysis. The chapter "Defining and Enforcing Descriptive Accuracy in Explanations: the Case of Probabilistic Classifiers" is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Author : Markus Knauff,Wolfgang Spohn
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 879 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2021-12-14
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780262045070

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The Handbook of Rationality by Markus Knauff,Wolfgang Spohn Pdf

The first reference on rationality that integrates accounts from psychology and philosophy, covering descriptive and normative theories from both disciplines. Both analytic philosophy and cognitive psychology have made dramatic advances in understanding rationality, but there has been little interaction between the disciplines. This volume offers the first integrated overview of the state of the art in the psychology and philosophy of rationality. Written by leading experts from both disciplines, The Handbook of Rationality covers the main normative and descriptive theories of rationality—how people ought to think, how they actually think, and why we often deviate from what we can call rational. It also offers insights from other fields such as artificial intelligence, economics, the social sciences, and cognitive neuroscience. The Handbook proposes a novel classification system for researchers in human rationality, and it creates new connections between rationality research in philosophy, psychology, and other disciplines. Following the basic distinction between theoretical and practical rationality, the book first considers the theoretical side, including normative and descriptive theories of logical, probabilistic, causal, and defeasible reasoning. It then turns to the practical side, discussing topics such as decision making, bounded rationality, game theory, deontic and legal reasoning, and the relation between rationality and morality. Finally, it covers topics that arise in both theoretical and practical rationality, including visual and spatial thinking, scientific rationality, how children learn to reason rationally, and the connection between intelligence and rationality.

Author : Jean Baratgin
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-07
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783031552458

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Human and Artificial Rationalities by Jean Baratgin Pdf

Author : Mike Oaksford,Nick Chater
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0863775349

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Rationality in an Uncertain World by Mike Oaksford,Nick Chater Pdf

This book brings together an influential sequence of papers that argue for a radical re-conceptualisation of the psychology of inference, and of cognitive science more generally. The papers demonstrate that the thesis that logic provides the basis of human inference is central to much cognitive science, although the commitment to this view is often implicit. They then note that almost all human inference is uncertain, whereas logic is the calculus of certain inference. This mismatch means that logic is not the appropriate model for human thought. Oaksford and Chater's argument draws on research in computer science, artificial intelligence and philosophy of science, in addition to experimental psychology. The authors propose that probability theory, the calculus of uncertain inference, provides a more appropriate model for human thought. They show how a probabilistic account can provide detailed explanations of experimental data on Wason's selection task, which many have viewed as providing a paradigmatic demonstration of human irrationality. Oaksford and Chater show that people's behaviour appears irrational only from a logical point of view, whereas it is entirely rational from a probabilistic perspective. The shift to a probabilistic framework for human inference has significant implications for the psychology of reasoning, cognitive science more generally, and forour picture of ourselves as rational agents.

Author : Nick Chater,Mike Oaksford
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2004-08-02
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135471743

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Rationality In An Uncertain World by Nick Chater,Mike Oaksford Pdf

This book brings together an influential sequence of papers that argue for a radical re-conceptualisation of the psychology of inference, and of cognitive science more generally. The papers demonstrate that the thesis that logic provides the basis of human inference is central to much cognitive science, although the commitment to this view is often implicit. They then note that almost all human inference is uncertain, whereas logic is the calculus of certain inference. This mismatch means that logic is not the appropriate model for human thought. Oaksford and Chater's argument draws on research in computer science, artificial intelligence and philosophy of science, in addition to experimental psychology. The authors propose that probability theory, the calculus of uncertain inference, provides a more appropriate model for human thought. They show how a probabilistic account can provide detailed explanations of experimental data on Wason's selection task, which many have viewed as providing a paradigmatic demonstration of human irrationality. Oaksford and Chater show that people's behaviour appears irrational only from a logical point of view, whereas it is entirely rational from a probabilistic perspective. The shift to a probabilistic framework for human inference has significant implications for the psychology of reasoning, cognitive science more generally, and forour picture of ourselves as rational agents.

Author : Sheng-Lung Peng,Noor Zaman Jhanjhi,Souvik Pal,Fathi Amsaad
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 559 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2023-08-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789819936113

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Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Mathematical Modeling and Computational Science by Sheng-Lung Peng,Noor Zaman Jhanjhi,Souvik Pal,Fathi Amsaad Pdf

The volume is a collection of high-quality, peer-reviewed research papers presented at the Third International Conference on Mathematical Modeling and Computational Science (ICMMCS 2023), held during 24 – 25 February 2023 in hybrid mode. The topics covered in the book are mathematical logic and foundations, numerical analysis, neural networks, fuzzy set theory, coding theory, higher algebra, number theory, graph theory and combinatory, computation in complex networks, calculus, differential educations and integration, application of soft computing, knowledge engineering, machine learning, artificial intelligence, big data and data analytics, high performance computing, network and device security, Internet of Things (IoT).

Author : Ted Peters
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780429965975

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Science And Theology by Ted Peters Pdf

How can we think about God's action in a quantum world of indeterminacy? in a world that began with a Big Bang? in a world in which life evolved and is continually evolving? in a world governed by entropy and heading toward its eventual heat death? These are some of the most perplexing questions that have arisen from the rapid scientific and techno

Author : Zekâi Şen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2013-09-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319017426

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Philosophical, Logical and Scientific Perspectives in Engineering by Zekâi Şen Pdf

This book highlights and explains the significance of philosophical, logical, and scientific principles for engineering education/training and engineering works. In so doing, it aims to help to rectify the neglect of philosophy and logic in current education and training programs, which emphasize analytical and numerical methods at the expense of the innovative practical and creative abilities so important for engineering in the past. Individual chapters examine the relation of philosophy, logic, and science to engineering, drawing attention to, for example, the significance of ethics, the relevance of the philosophy of science, and the increasing importance of application of fuzzy logic to engineering. Modeling principles and philosophy in engineering are discussed, and the impact of different education systems, examined. Too often engineers have become reliant on readily available formulations and software; this book offers an antidote, promoting the recognition of artistic and humanitarian aspects and their integration in engineering works.

Author : Andy Clark
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780190217013

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Surfing Uncertainty by Andy Clark Pdf

This title brings together work on embodiment, action, and the predictive mind. At the core is the vision of human minds as prediction machines - devices that constantly try to stay one step ahead of the breaking waves of sensory stimulation, by actively predicting the incoming flow. In every situation we encounter, that complex prediction machinery is already buzzing, proactively trying to anticipate the sensory barrage. The book shows in detail how this strange but potent strategy of self-anticipation ushers perception, understanding, and imagination simultaneously onto the cognitive stage.

Author : Angelov Plamen Parvanov
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 964 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2016-03-18
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9789814675024

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Handbook On Computational Intelligence (In 2 Volumes) by Angelov Plamen Parvanov Pdf

With the Internet, the proliferation of Big Data, and autonomous systems, mankind has entered into an era of 'digital obesity'. In this century, computational intelligence, such as thinking machines, have been brought forth to process complex human problems in a wide scope of areas — from social sciences, economics and biology, medicine and social networks, to cyber security.The Handbook of Computational Intelligence (in two volumes) prompts readers to look at these problems from a non-traditional angle. It takes a step by step approach, supported by case studies, to explore the issues that have arisen in the process. The Handbook covers many classic paradigms, as well as recent achievements and future promising developments to solve some of these very complex problems. Volume one explores the subjects of fuzzy logic and systems, artificial neural networks, and learning systems. Volume two delves into evolutionary computation, hybrid systems, as well as the applications of computational intelligence in decision making, the process industry, robotics, and autonomous systems.This work is a 'one-stop-shop' for beginners, as well as an inspirational source for more advanced researchers. It is a useful resource for lecturers and learners alike.

Author : Kerstin Fink
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783322812407

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Knowledge Potential Measurement and Uncertainty by Kerstin Fink Pdf

Kerstin Fink discusses the two mainstream measurement fields: the cognitive science approach and the management approach. She develops the knowledge potential view which is determined by nine key measurement variables, i.e. content, culture, networking, organizational knowledge, learning and training, customer and competitor knowledge, and knowledge management systems.

Author : Rudolf Seising,Enric Trillas,Claudio Moraga,Settimo Termini
Publisher : Springer
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2013-01-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642356414

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On Fuzziness by Rudolf Seising,Enric Trillas,Claudio Moraga,Settimo Termini Pdf

The notion of Fuzziness stands as one of the really new concepts that have recently enriched the world of Science. Science grows not only through technical and formal advances on one side and useful applications on the other side, but also as consequence of the introduction and assimilation of new concepts in its corpus. These, in turn, produce new developments and applications. And this is what Fuzziness, one of the few new concepts arisen in the XX Century, has been doing so far. This book aims at paying homage to Professor Lotfi A. Zadeh, the “father of fuzzy logic” and also at giving credit to his exceptional work and personality. In a way, this is reflected in the variety of contributions collected in the book. In some of them the authors chose to speak of personal meetings with Lotfi; in others, they discussed how certain papers of Zadeh were able to open for them a new research horizon. Some contributions documented results obtained from the author/s after taking inspiration from a particular idea of Zadeh, thus implicitly acknowledging him. Finally, there are contributions of several “third generation fuzzysists or softies” who were firstly led into the world of Fuzziness by a disciple of Lotfi Zadeh, who, following his example, took care of opening for them a new road in science. Rudolf Seising is Adjoint Researcher at the European Centre for Soft Computing in Mieres, Asturias (Spain). Enric Trillas and Claudio Moraga are Emeritus Researchers at the European Centre for Soft Computing, Mieres, Asturias (Spain). Settimo Termini is Professor of Theoretical Computer Science at the University of Palermo, Italy and Affiliated Researcher at the European Centre for Soft Computing, Mieres, Asturias (Spain)

Author : Vlad Petre Glăveanu
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 1812 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2023-01-25
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783030909130

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The Palgrave Encyclopedia of the Possible by Vlad Petre Glăveanu Pdf

The Palgrave Encyclopedia of the Possible represents a comprehensive resource for researchers and practitioners interested in an emerging multidisciplinary area within psychology and the social sciences: the study of how we engage with and cultivate the possible within self, society and culture. Far from being opposed either to the actual or the real, the possible engages with concrete facts and experiences, with the result of transforming them. This encyclopedia examines the notion of the possible and the concepts associated with it from standpoints within psychology, philosophy, sociology, neuroscience and logic, as well as multidisciplinary fields of research including anticipation studies, future studies, complexity theory and creativity research. Presenting multiple perspectives on the possible, the authors consider the distinct social, cultural and psychological processes - e.g., imagination, counterfactual thinking, wonder, play, inspiration, and many others - that define our engagement with new possibilities in domains as diverse as the arts, design and business.