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Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 13 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2024-03-13
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9789240090361
Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 10 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2024-02-02
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9789240086494
This brief is part of a series about financing health and social long-term care: lessons for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The number of people aged 65 years and older will increase in LMICs, where most older people will be living by 2050. Many people in LMICs will experience the onset of age-related health problems before the age of 65 years. Long-term care (LTC) can include some acute care medical services delivered in health facilities, but it primarily refers to support provided outside of the health system by caregivers in institutions or at home to allow people to maintain their routine activities. Individuals’ unmet needs increase the demand for LTC. Without formal LTC services and systems, the costs of LTC shift to the family. Informal caregivers, primarily women, may need to reduce their working hours or leave the labour force prematurely, placing pressure on the economy and household resources. The availability of informal caregivers has declined along with decreases in fertility and family sizes, and increased opportunities for women in the formal workforce. In the absence of formal LTC services and systems, individuals seek care in the acute care medical system, which can increase health care costs while offering suboptimal care for older adults. People underestimate their need for LTC, even though many may require intensive support or institutional care that may exceed their income. Given the market failures of LTC insurance, public intervention is well-justified to meet this demand.
Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 11 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2024-05-31
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9789240094741
Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 11 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2024-03-12
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9789240089761
This brief is part of a series about financing health and social long-term care: lessons for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Countries take a universal or selective approach, or some mix of the two, in identifying the population that will be covered under LTC programmes. Decisions are based on the economic and social contexts, and LTC is designed with consideration of the existing infrastructure for delivering health and social care. Universal approaches are grounded in the principle of ensuring equal access to health and social care. Selective approaches focus on those in greatest need, primarily those who are low-income. While selective approaches are perceived to cost less, the total costs may be offset by the high cost of implementing means-testing to identify beneficiaries. The selective approach may also result in high levels of unmet needs among people who do not meet the low-income thresholds. Mixed universal and selective approaches enable universal coverage for some services or populations and means-tested eligibility for others; thus, older people may face high payments for some needed services. Many LMICs have initiated mixed approaches to LTC, using public and private resources while building the policies, systems and infrastructure for universal coverage of LTC.
Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 14 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2024-04-29
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9789240092488
Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 12 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2024-03-13
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9789240090620
Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 13 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2024-04-30
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9789240093324
Author : Terence C Cheng,Winnie Yip,Zhanlian Feng
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2024-01-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240086333
As global populations age, governments around the world are investigating how to fund long-term care (LTC) in an equitable and sustainable manner. The research reported here has three objectives: (i) to identify and classify middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs) that have established LTC for older populations; (ii) to describe the financing features and undertake a detailed assessment of the public LTC programmes in these countries; and (iii) to identify and discuss the benefits, disadvantages and challenges of the different public LTC financing strategies, based on the experiences of high-income countries and on observations of the reviewed countries. The public LTC financing system of 13 countries is reviewed: five HICs (Australia, Japan, the Netherlands (Kingdom of the), Singapore and Uruguay), and eight MICs (China, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Serbia, South Africa and Thailand). Although information on LTC expenditure is not consistently reported or available for all countries, the 13 reviewed countries vary considerably in terms of their national income, total spending on health and public share of health care spending. This report concludes with some deliberations and lessons learned on financing options for LTC, specifically for low- and middle-income countries. Overall, the report offers valuable insights into how policy-makers can design effective and sustainable public LTC financing systems, ensuring that individuals and their families receive the necessary support and assistance to lead dignified lives as they age.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 167 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2019-05-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264150348
Middle-class households feel left behind and have questioned the benefits of economic globalisation.
Author : Hellen Gelband,Prabhat Jha,Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan,Susan Horton
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2015-10-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464803697
Volume 3, Cancer, presents the complex patterns of cancer incidence and death around the world and evidence on effective and cost-effective ways to control cancers. The DCP3 evaluation of cancer will indicate where cancer treatment is ineffective and wasteful, and offer alternative cancer care packages that are cost-effective and suited to low-resource settings. Main messages from the volume include: -Quality matters in all aspects of cancer treatment and palliation. -Cancer registries that track incidence, mortality, and survival †“ paired with systems to capture causes of death are important to understanding the national cancer burden and the effect of interventions over time. -Effective interventions exist at a range of prices. Adopting "resource appropriate" measures which allow the most effective treatment for the greatest number of people will be advantageous to countries. -Prioritizing resources toward early stage and curable cancers is likely to have the greatest health impact in low income settings. -Research prioritization is no longer just a global responsibility. Providing cancer treatment requires adequate numbers of trained healthcare professionals and infrastructure beyond what is available in most LMICs, especially low income countries. Careful patient monitoring is a requirement of good quality cancer care and this often involves laboratory tests in addition to clinical examination. Even if financing were immediately available to build or expand a cancer control system, reaching capacity will take many years.
Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2024-05-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240086555
This publication includes a list of LTC interventions that all countries could consider, prioritize and provide and could integrate within health and social care sectors, depending on their context. The package should be implemented in line with overall plans to design, establish and expand formal, integrated LTC systems and services towards universal health coverage (UHC). The package is intended primarily for governments and policy-makers responsible for planning and implementing LTC service provision at national or subnational level. It provides guidance in foreseeing and mainstreaming essential LTC interventions, which can be contextualized according to local needs and resources. The package is neither a clinical guideline for LTC service providers in daily practice nor a manual, standard operating procedures or specific steps.
Author : Belinda Gabrielle O’Sullivan,Pratyush Kumar,Ian Couper,Matthew Richard McGrail
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 151 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2021-07-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782889711147
Author : Sherry Glied,Peter C. Smith
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 992 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780191667169
The Oxford Handbook of Health Economics provides an accessible and authoritative guide to health economics, intended for scholars and students in the field, as well as those in adjacent disciplines including health policy and clinical medicine. The chapters stress the direct impact of health economics reasoning on policy and practice, offering readers an introduction to the potential reach of the discipline. Contributions come from internationally-recognized leaders in health economics and reflect the worldwide reach of the discipline. Authoritative, but non-technical, the chapters place great emphasis on the connections between theory and policy-making, and develop the contributions of health economics to problems arising in a variety of institutional contexts, from primary care to the operations of health insurers. The volume addresses policy concerns relevant to health systems in both developed and developing countries. It takes a broad perspective, with relevance to systems with single or multi-payer health insurance arrangements, and to those relying predominantly on user charges; contributions are also included that focus both on medical care and on non-medical factors that affect health. Each chapter provides a succinct summary of the current state of economic thinking in a given area, as well as the author's unique perspective on issues that remain open to debate. The volume presents a view of health economics as a vibrant and continually advancing field, highlighting ongoing challenges and pointing to new directions for further progress.
Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2018-11-07
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789241515993
Author : Frances Stewart
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 155 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2019-03-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780429725050
This book presents papers on the recycling of funds from surplus to deficit countries; stabilizing the existing International Financial System; securing an adequate level of investment return for surplus countries; the role of the special drawing rights; and mineral and energy financing.
