Public Provision And Financing Of Long Term Care Case Studies In Middle And High Income Countries
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Public provision and financing of long-term care: case studies in middle- and high-income countries by Terence C Cheng,Winnie Yip,Zhanlian Feng Pdf
As global populations age, governments around the world are investigating how to fund long-term care (LTC) in an equitable and sustainable manner. The research reported here has three objectives: (i) to identify and classify middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs) that have established LTC for older populations; (ii) to describe the financing features and undertake a detailed assessment of the public LTC programmes in these countries; and (iii) to identify and discuss the benefits, disadvantages and challenges of the different public LTC financing strategies, based on the experiences of high-income countries and on observations of the reviewed countries. The public LTC financing system of 13 countries is reviewed: five HICs (Australia, Japan, the Netherlands (Kingdom of the), Singapore and Uruguay), and eight MICs (China, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Serbia, South Africa and Thailand). Although information on LTC expenditure is not consistently reported or available for all countries, the 13 reviewed countries vary considerably in terms of their national income, total spending on health and public share of health care spending. This report concludes with some deliberations and lessons learned on financing options for LTC, specifically for low- and middle-income countries. Overall, the report offers valuable insights into how policy-makers can design effective and sustainable public LTC financing systems, ensuring that individuals and their families receive the necessary support and assistance to lead dignified lives as they age.
Author : World Health Organization Publisher : World Health Organization Page : 13 pages File Size : 44,8 Mb Release : 2024-03-13 Category : Health & Fitness ISBN : 9789240090361
Author : World Health Organization Publisher : World Health Organization Page : 11 pages File Size : 54,5 Mb Release : 2024-03-12 Category : Health & Fitness ISBN : 9789240089761
Long-term care financing by World Health Organization Pdf
This brief is part of a series about financing health and social long-term care: lessons for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Countries take a universal or selective approach, or some mix of the two, in identifying the population that will be covered under LTC programmes. Decisions are based on the economic and social contexts, and LTC is designed with consideration of the existing infrastructure for delivering health and social care. Universal approaches are grounded in the principle of ensuring equal access to health and social care. Selective approaches focus on those in greatest need, primarily those who are low-income. While selective approaches are perceived to cost less, the total costs may be offset by the high cost of implementing means-testing to identify beneficiaries. The selective approach may also result in high levels of unmet needs among people who do not meet the low-income thresholds. Mixed universal and selective approaches enable universal coverage for some services or populations and means-tested eligibility for others; thus, older people may face high payments for some needed services. Many LMICs have initiated mixed approaches to LTC, using public and private resources while building the policies, systems and infrastructure for universal coverage of LTC.
Miriam Hirschfeld,World Health Organization,WHO Collaborating Centre for Health and Long-Term Care Policy and Research
Author : Miriam Hirschfeld,World Health Organization,WHO Collaborating Centre for Health and Long-Term Care Policy and Research Publisher : World Health Organization Page : 482 pages File Size : 45,9 Mb Release : 2003 Category : Medical ISBN : 9241562498
Long-term Care in Developing Countries by Miriam Hirschfeld,World Health Organization,WHO Collaborating Centre for Health and Long-Term Care Policy and Research Pdf
About long-term care for chronically ill and disabled persons and the elderly.
Author : World Health Organization Publisher : World Health Organization Page : 10 pages File Size : 48,5 Mb Release : 2024-02-02 Category : Health & Fitness ISBN : 9789240086494
Long-term care financing: lessons for low- and middle-income settings. Brief 1. Drivers of the demand for long-term care by World Health Organization Pdf
This brief is part of a series about financing health and social long-term care: lessons for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The number of people aged 65 years and older will increase in LMICs, where most older people will be living by 2050. Many people in LMICs will experience the onset of age-related health problems before the age of 65 years. Long-term care (LTC) can include some acute care medical services delivered in health facilities, but it primarily refers to support provided outside of the health system by caregivers in institutions or at home to allow people to maintain their routine activities. Individuals’ unmet needs increase the demand for LTC. Without formal LTC services and systems, the costs of LTC shift to the family. Informal caregivers, primarily women, may need to reduce their working hours or leave the labour force prematurely, placing pressure on the economy and household resources. The availability of informal caregivers has declined along with decreases in fertility and family sizes, and increased opportunities for women in the formal workforce. In the absence of formal LTC services and systems, individuals seek care in the acute care medical system, which can increase health care costs while offering suboptimal care for older adults. People underestimate their need for LTC, even though many may require intensive support or institutional care that may exceed their income. Given the market failures of LTC insurance, public intervention is well-justified to meet this demand.
Author : World Health Organization Publisher : World Health Organization Page : 11 pages File Size : 54,9 Mb Release : 2024-05-31 Category : Health & Fitness ISBN : 9789240094741
Author : World Health Organization Publisher : World Health Organization Page : 13 pages File Size : 48,5 Mb Release : 2024-04-30 Category : Health & Fitness ISBN : 9789240093324
National Basic Public Health Services Programme in China: case study by Qian LONG,Yufei JIA,Jiuling LI,Zhexun LOU,Yunguo LIU Pdf
This report was developed to inform the WHO Technical Product, purchasing instruments to strengthen quality health services for chronic illnesses (WHO-OECD joint publication). The Government of the People’s Republic of China established and funded the National Basic Public Health Services Programme in 2009 to ensure equal access to basic public health services. The scope of the package increased from 9 categories in 2009 to 14 categories in 2017, and includes hypertension, type 2 diabetes, severe mental disorders and tuberculosis. This study aims to explore the impact of purchasing arrangements for the National Basic Public Health Services Programme on the quality of care for chronic illnesses and analyse the factors that facilitate or inhibit its impact.
EBOOK: Ageing Societies: A Comparative Introduction by Virpi Timonen Pdf
"This introductory text is a sound, basic overview. It is well structured, and easily accessible both to lay persons, who may have little knowledge or experience of social gerontology, as well as to students who may seek to explore and develop insights further, within what is a relatively recent intellectual tradition." Chrisine Atwell, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, UK “Ageing Societies: A Comparative Introduction provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of ageing, highlighting the inter-connections between health, economic and social aspects of ageing. Virpi Timonen’s book is written in a lively and accessible style and will be particularly valuable for undergraduates and students on professional courses. “ Sara Arber, University of Surrey, UK "Timonen does an excellent job of explaining both very basic concepts and complex aspects, thus making this book accessible to a broad range of readers. There are only very few exceptions where this is neglected. Overall, therefore, this is a very balanced approach to an important and vast subject area that manages to balance a social critique that calls us to address and adapt ageing socially, politically and economically, with an optimistic view of the achievements and opportunities that these developments bring with them." VANESSA BECKUniversity of Leicester "It is very refreshing to read a book which achieves the delicate balance between celebrating age and ageing without losing the message that there are distinct biological, psychological and social challenges for older people in all societies ... The volume is well written in a jargon-free, lively and accessible style, and any necessary acronyms and technical vocabulary are fully explained to the reader ...I have no doubt that the book will be of interest to both undergraduate and postgraduate students in fields such as gerontology, social policy, social work, sociology, nursing, as well as professionals and practitioners who work with older people. Timonen provides a clear, well-organised, wide-ranging and comprehensible introduction to the complex and highly topical subject of ageing and its global and social diversity." KATE DAVIDSONCentre for Research on Ageing and Gender,University of Surrey, Guildford, UK What is ageing? Why is ageing important and how can we understand it better? How does policy and practice in relation to ageing populations differ across the globe? This book aims to convince readers that ageing is not boring, threatening or depressing, but that it has enormous relevance for the young and the old alike. Virpi Timonen provides an engaging introduction to the central social, economic and political aspects and impacts of ageing and makes the case for the importance of analysing ageing from a number of different perspectives. Using comparative international data, the author provides a detailed description of the process of population ageing, including increasing longevity, changes in fertility and variations in the health status of older populations. In addition, the book sets out the social context and background of ageing, discussing related and relevant developments, such as: Changes in family structures Patterns of household formation Women’s labour market participation Income and work in older age Health and social care of older people Attitudes towards older people The book highlights the nature of ageing as an individual and societal experience. The author succeeds in arguing that whilst ageing is becoming an increasingly widespread and global experience, age-related policies, practices and consequently the actual lived experience of ageing differ greatly between countries and regions of the world. Ageing Societies is of interest and use to both undergraduate and postgraduate students in fields such as gerontology, social policy, social work, sociology, nursing, as well as professionals and practitioners in the eldercare sectors and general readers from a wide variety of backgrounds who wish to gain an understanding of the complex and highly topical subject of ageing.
Author : World Health Organization Publisher : World Health Organization Page : 11 pages File Size : 50,8 Mb Release : 2024-05-28 Category : Health & Fitness ISBN : 9789240094727
Long-term care financing by World Health Organization Pdf
This brief is the seventh in a series discussing long-term care financing in low- and middle-income settings. The focus is quality and value in long-term care.
Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Care Services,Committee on Improving Quality in Long-Term Care
Author : Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Care Services,Committee on Improving Quality in Long-Term Care Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 344 pages File Size : 48,8 Mb Release : 2001-02-27 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309132749
Improving the Quality of Long-Term Care by Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Care Services,Committee on Improving Quality in Long-Term Care Pdf
Among the issues confronting America is long-term care for frail, older persons and others with chronic conditions and functional limitations that limit their ability to care for themselves. Improving the Quality of Long-Term Care takes a comprehensive look at the quality of care and quality of life in long-term care, including nursing homes, home health agencies, residential care facilities, family members and a variety of others. This book describes the current state of long-term care, identifying problem areas and offering recommendations for federal and state policymakers. Who uses long-term care? How have the characteristics of this population changed over time? What paths do people follow in long term care? The committee provides the latest information on these and other key questions. This book explores strengths and limitations of available data and research literature especially for settings other than nursing homes, on methods to measure, oversee, and improve the quality of long-term care. The committee makes recommendations on setting and enforcing standards of care, strengthening the caregiving workforce, reimbursement issues, and expanding the knowledge base to guide organizational and individual caregivers in improving the quality of care.
Author : World Health Organization Publisher : World Health Organization Page : 57 pages File Size : 51,7 Mb Release : 2024-01-16 Category : Medical ISBN : 9789240081826
Rehabilitation in health financing by World Health Organization Pdf
Health financing is a core pillar of health systems and encompasses the three functions of how revenues for health are collected, pooled and paid out to providers of health care services. It can be leveraged to pursue key universal health coverage goals of enhancing access, ensuring quality and financial protection against catastrophic or impoverishing out-of-pocket expenditure. But knowledge on how health financing practices can be harnessed to promote the delivery of rehabilitation services is limited. This document is the first WHO resource on health financing for rehabilitation. It considers current practices for financing rehabilitation services, frames major challenges and opportunities, and offers guidance to decision-makers engaged in strengthening rehabilitation within health systems.
Author : United States. General Accounting Office Publisher : Unknown Page : 48 pages File Size : 41,8 Mb Release : 1994 Category : Long-term care of the sick ISBN : UOM:39015048582830
Author : International Development Research Centr Publisher : University of Toronto Press Page : 368 pages File Size : 55,8 Mb Release : 2017-06-30 Category : Health & Fitness ISBN : 9781487513894
Revitalizing Health for All by International Development Research Centr Pdf
The concept of Comprehensive Primary Health Care focuses on health system efforts to improve equity in health care access, community empowerment, participation of marginalized groups, and actions on the social determinants of health. Despite its existence since the late 1970s very few studies have been able to highlight the outcomes of this concept, until now. Revitalizing Health for All examines thirteen cases of efforts to implement CPHC reforms from around the globe including Australia, Brazil, Democratic Republic of Congo, Iran, South Africa, and more. The findings presented in this volume originate from an international action-research set of studies that utilized triads of senior and junior researchers and knowledge users from each country’s public health system. Primary health care reform is an important policy discourse both at the national level in these countries and in the global conversations, and this volume reveals the similarities among CPHC projects in diverse national contexts. These similarities provide a rich evidence base from which future CPHC reform initiatives can draw, regardless of their country.
