Mass Killings And Violence In Spain 1936 1952

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Mass Killings and Violence in Spain, 1936-1952

Peter Anderson,Miguel Ángel del Arco Blanco
Mass Killings and Violence in Spain 1936 1952 Book PDF

Author : Peter Anderson,Miguel Ángel del Arco Blanco
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2014-09-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135114855

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Mass Killings and Violence in Spain, 1936-1952 by Peter Anderson,Miguel Ángel del Arco Blanco Pdf

Historians have only recently established the scale of the violence carried out by the supporters of General Franco during and after the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939. An estimated 88,000 unidentified victims of Francoist violence remain to be exhumed from mass graves and given a dignified burial, and for decades, the history of these victims has also been buried. This volume brings together a range of Spanish and British specialists who offer an original and challenging overview of this violence. Contributors not only examine the mass killings and incarcerations, but also carefully consider how the repression carried out in the government zone during the Civil War - long misrepresented in Francoist accounts - seeped into everyday life. A final section explores ways of facing Spain’s recent violent past.

Friend Or Foe?

Peter Anderson
Friend Or Foe Book PDF

Author : Peter Anderson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : History
ISBN : 1845197941

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Friend Or Foe? by Peter Anderson Pdf

'Today with the Red Army captive and disarmed, the Nationalist [nacionales] troops have achieved their final military objectives. The war is over.' With these two sentences, General Franco announced on April 1, 1939 that his writ ran across the whole of Spain. His words marked a high point for those who had flocked to Franco who, since the start of the Civil War in July 1936, had carried out what was regarded as the steady occupation of the country. The history of this occupation remains conspicuous by its absence, and the term occupation lies discredited for many historians. The danger of leaving the history of the occupation unexplored, however, is that a major process designed to control the conquered population remains in the shadows and, unlike many other European countries, the view of occupation as an imposition by outsiders remains unchallenged. Friend or Foe? explores how Francoist occupation saw members of the state and society collaborate to win control of Spanish society. At the heart of the process lies the challenging task in civil war of distinguishing between supporter and opponent. Occupation also witnessed a move from arbitrary violence towards selecting opponents for carefully graded punishment. Such selection depended upon fine-grained information about vast swathes of the population. The massive scale of the surveillance meant that regime officials depended on collaborators within the community to furnish them with the information needed to write huge numbers of biographies. Accordingly, knowledge as a form of power became as crucial as naked force as neighbours of the defeated helped define who would gain reward as a friend and who would suffer punishment as a foe. [Subject: Spanish Civil War, History, Military Studies]

The Genocidal Genealogy of Francoism

Antonio Míguez Macho
The Genocidal Genealogy of Francoism Book PDF

Author : Antonio Míguez Macho
Publisher : Lse Studies in Spanish History
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : History
ISBN : 1845197496

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The Genocidal Genealogy of Francoism by Antonio Míguez Macho Pdf

The Francoist command in the Spanish Civil War carried out a programme of mass violence from the start of the conflict. Through a combination of death squads and the use of military trials, around 150,000 Spaniards met their deaths. Others perished in concentration camps and prisons. The terror took other forms, such as mass rape, extortion, "appropriation" of children, and forced exile. The planned nature of this violence meant that the Francoists decided when the violence would begin, the way it would be carried out, and when it would come to an end. This is the primary reason why the judicial concept of genocidal practice, alongside the use of comparative history, can furnish insights. The July 1936 uprising was not only aimed at ending the Republican regime, but had ideological goals: preventing the supposed Bolshevik Revolution, defending the 'unity of Spain, ' and reversing centre-left social and cultural reforms. An over-arching objective was the elimination of a social group identified as 'an enemy of Spain'-a group defined as not Catholic, not Spanish, and not traditional. With their access to state resources, their monopoly of force in some territories, and their subsequent victory, the coup's practice of genocide could be realised in the whole Spanish territory, permitting the hegemonic nature of the denialist discourse surrounding these crimes. Public debate over Francosim brings with it substantive disagreements. The book engages with the root causes of these disagreements. Violence and the memory of violence are viewed as part of a single phenomenon that has continued to the present, a process that is located within a comparative framework that analyzes the Spanish case beyond the debate between Francoism and anti-Francoism. The author explains the political and judicial proceedings in recent Spanish history with regard to its violent past and the implications for international justice initiatives. This book is published in association with the Canada Blanch Centre for Contemporary Spanish Studies, LSE. Subject: Spanish Civil War, History, Military Studies

The 'Red Terror' and the Spanish Civil War

Julius Ruiz
The Red Terror and the Spanish Civil War Book PDF

Author : Julius Ruiz
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2015-03-05
Category : History
ISBN : 1107682932

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The 'Red Terror' and the Spanish Civil War by Julius Ruiz Pdf

This book deals with one of most controversial issues of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939): the "Red Terror." Approximately 50,000 Spaniards were extrajudically executed in Republican Spain following the failure of the military rebellion in July 1936. This mass killing of "fascists" seriously undermined attempts by the legally constituted Republican government to present itself in foreign quarters as fighting a war for democracy. This study, based on a wealth of scholarship and archival sources, challenges the common view that executions were the work of criminal or anarchist "uncontrollables." Its focus is on Madrid, which witnessed at least 8,000 executions in 1936. It shows that the terror was organized and was carried out with the complicity of the police, and argues that terror was seen as integral to the antifascist war effort. Indeed, the elimination of the internal enemy - the "Fifth Column" - was regarded as important as the war on the front line.

The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Mass Atrocity, and Genocide

Sara E. Brown,Stephen D. Smith
The Routledge Handbook of Religion Mass Atrocity and Genocide Book PDF

Author : Sara E. Brown,Stephen D. Smith
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2021-11-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000471878

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The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Mass Atrocity, and Genocide by Sara E. Brown,Stephen D. Smith Pdf

The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Mass Atrocity, and Genocide explores the many and sometimes complicated ways in which religion, faith, doctrine, and practice intersect in societies where mass atrocity and genocide occur. This volume is intended as an entry point to questions about mass atrocity and genocide that are asked by and of people of faith and is an outstanding reference source to the key topics, historical events, and heated debates in this subject area. The 39 contributions to the handbook, by a team of international contributors, span five continents and cover four millennia. Each explores the intersection of religion, faith, and mainly state-sponsored mass atrocity and genocide, and draws from a variety of disciplines. This volume is divided into six core sections: Genocide in Antiquity and Holy Wars The Genocide of Indigenous Peoples Religion and the State The Role of Religion during Genocide Post Genocide Considerations Memory Culture Within these sections central issues, historical events, debates, and problems are examined, including the Crusades; Jihad and ISIS, colonialism, the Holocaust, desecration of ritual objects, politics of religion, Shinto nationalism, attacks on Rohingya Muslims; the Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, responses to genocide; gender-based atrocities, ritualcide in Cambodia, burial sites and mass graves, transitional justice, forgiveness, documenting genocide, survivor memory narratives, post-conflict healing and memorialization. The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Genocide is essential reading for students and researchers with an interest in religion and genocide, religion and violence, and religion and politics. It will be of great interest to students of theology, philosophy, genocide studies, narrative studies, history, and international relations and those in related fields, such as cultural studies, area studies, sociology, and anthropology.

The 'Red Terror' and the Spanish Civil War

Post-Doctoral Research Fellow School of History and Classics Julius Ruiz
The Red Terror and the Spanish Civil War Book PDF

Author : Post-Doctoral Research Fellow School of History and Classics Julius Ruiz
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2014-05-10
Category : Extrajudicial executions
ISBN : 1316004570

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The 'Red Terror' and the Spanish Civil War by Post-Doctoral Research Fellow School of History and Classics Julius Ruiz Pdf

This book deals with one of most controversial issues of the Spanish Civil War (1936 1939): the Red Terror. Approximately 50,000 Spaniards were extrajudically executed in Republican Spain following the failure of the military rebellion in July 1936. This mass killing of fascists seriously undermined attempts by the legally constituted Republican government to present itself in foreign quarters as fighting a war for democracy. This study, based on a wealth of scholarship and archival sources, challenges the common view that executions were the work of criminal or anarchist uncontrollables. Its focus is on Madrid, which witnessed at least 8,000 executions in 1936. It shows that the terror was organized and was carried out with the complicity of the police, and argues that terror was seen as integral to the antifascist war effort. Indeed, the elimination of the internal enemy the Fifth Column was regarded as important as the war on the front line."

Colonial Paradigms of Violence

Michelle Gordon,Rachel O ́Sullivan
Colonial Paradigms of Violence Book PDF

Author : Michelle Gordon,Rachel O ́Sullivan
Publisher : Wallstein Verlag
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2022-05-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9783835348776

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Colonial Paradigms of Violence by Michelle Gordon,Rachel O ́Sullivan Pdf

European Holocaust Studies (EHS) publishes key international research results on the murder of the European Jews and its wider contexts. In recent years, scholars have rediscovered Hannah Arendt`s "boomerang thesis" – the "coming home" of European colonialism as genocide on European soil – as well as Raphael Lemkin`s work around his definition of genocide and the importance of its colonial dimensions. Germany and other European states are increasingly engaging in debates on comparing the Holocaust to other genocides and cases of mass killing, memorialization, "decolonization" and attempts to come to terms with the past ("Vergangenheitsbewältigung").

Sites of Violence and Memory in Modern Spain

Antonio Míguez Macho
Sites of Violence and Memory in Modern Spain Book PDF

Author : Antonio Míguez Macho
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2021-10-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9781350199217

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Sites of Violence and Memory in Modern Spain by Antonio Míguez Macho Pdf

In this sophisticated study, Antonio Míguez Macho and his team of expert scholars explore the connections between violence and memory in modern Spain. Most importantly for a nation with an uncomfortable relationship with its own past, this book reveals how sites of violence also became sites of forgetting. Centred around places of violence such as concentration camps and military courts where prisoners endured horrific forced labour and were sentenced to death, this book looks at how and why the history of these sites were obscured. Issues addressed include: how Guernica came to represent Francoist front-line brutality and so concealed violence behind the lines; the need to preserve drawings made by concentration camp inmates that record a history the regime hoped to silence; the contests over plaques and monuments erected to honour victims; and the ways forging a historical record through human rights cases helps shape a new collective memory. Shining a spotlight on these important topics for the first time, this book provides a new perspective on one of the major issues of 20th-century Spanish history: the history and memory of Francoist violence. As such, Sites of Violence and Memory in Modern Spain is an invaluable resource for all scholars of modern Spain, memory culture, and public history.

Falangist and National Catholic Women in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939

Angela Flynn
Falangist and National Catholic Women in the Spanish Civil War 1936 1939 Book PDF

Author : Angela Flynn
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 197 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2020-03-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9780429627781

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Falangist and National Catholic Women in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939 by Angela Flynn Pdf

Although there is an established historiography on women’s roles during the Spanish Civil War (1936-9), little has been written on Nationalist women in the Republican-held zones. Women were the anti-Republican resisters of the first hour in the capital but they have been largely overlooked in the historical record. During the bitter civil conflict a sector of dissident women helped to create a subversive and clandestine national Catholic space in the heart of Republican Madrid. By examining the vital and invisible role played by women within Madrid’s ‘fifth column’ this monograph offers a new contribution to the gender historiography of the Spanish Civil War and re-evaluates the significance of women in the Nationalist war effort. It explores how and why a sector of Falangist and Catholic women decided to mobilise against the legally constituted Popular Front government in support of an undemocratic military coup. While women’s subversive activities often involved the transgression of traditional gender norms, their social and political agency arose within the conditions and precepts of Catholicism and was conceptualised and imagined within new national-Catholic discourses of ‘holy Crusade.’

Interrogating Francoism

Helen Graham
Interrogating Francoism Book PDF

Author : Helen Graham
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2016-08-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472576361

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Interrogating Francoism by Helen Graham Pdf

Helen Graham here brings together leading historians of international renown to examine 20th-century Spain in light of Franco's dictatorship and its legacy. Interrogating Francoism uses a three-part structure to look at the old regime, the civil war and the forging of Francoism; the nature of Franco's dictatorship; and the 'history wars' that have since taken place over his legacy. Social, political, economic and cultural historical approaches are integrated throughout and 'top down' political analysis is incorporated along with 'bottom up' social perspectives. The book places Spain and Francoism in comparative European context and explores the relationship between the historical debates and present-day political and ideological controversies in Spain. In part a tribute to Paul Preston, the foremost historian of contemporary Spain today, Interrogating Francoism includes an interview with Professor Preston and a comprehensive bibliography of his work, as well as extensive further readings in English. It is a crucial volume for all students of 20th-century Spain.

The Cambridge World History of Genocide: Volume 3, Genocide in the Contemporary Era, 1914–2020

Ben Kiernan,Wendy Lower,Norman Naimark,Scott Straus
The Cambridge World History of Genocide Volume 3 Genocide in the Contemporary Era 1914 2020 Book PDF

Author : Ben Kiernan,Wendy Lower,Norman Naimark,Scott Straus
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 946 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2023-01-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108806275

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The Cambridge World History of Genocide: Volume 3, Genocide in the Contemporary Era, 1914–2020 by Ben Kiernan,Wendy Lower,Norman Naimark,Scott Straus Pdf

Volume III examines the most well-known century of genocide, the twentieth century. Opening with a discussion on the definitions of genocide and 'ethnic cleansing' and their relationships to modernity, it continues with a survey of the genocide studies field, racism and antisemitism. The four parts cover the impacts of Racism, Total War, Imperial Collapse, and Revolution; the crises of World War Two; the Cold War; and Globalization. Twenty-eight scholars with expertise in specific regions document thirty genocides from 1918 to 2021, in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The cases range from the Armenian Genocide to Maoist China, from the Holocaust to Stalin's Ukraine, from Indonesia to Guatemala, Biafra, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Bosnia and Rwanda, and finally the contemporary fate of the Rohingyas in Myanmar and the ISIS slaughter of Yazidis in Iraq. The volume ends with a chapter on the strategies for genocide prevention moving forward.

Fighting Fascist Spain

Montse Feu
Fighting Fascist Spain Book PDF

Author : Montse Feu
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2020-05-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780252052125

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Fighting Fascist Spain by Montse Feu Pdf

In the 1930s, anarchists and socialists among Spanish immigrants living in the United States created España Libre (Free Spain) as a response to the Nationalist takeover in their homeland. Worker-oriented and avowedly antifascist, the grassroots periodical raised money for refugees and political prisoners while advancing left-wing culture and politics. España Libre proved both visionary and durable, charting an alternate path toward a modern Spain and enduring until democracy's return to the country in 1977. Montse Feu merges España Libre's story with the drama of the Spanish immigrant community's fight against fascism. The periodical emerged as part of a transnational effort to link migrants and new exiles living in the United States to antifascist networks abroad. In addition to showing how workers' culture and politics shaped their antifascism, Feu brings to light creative works that ranged from literature to satire to cartoons to theater. As España Libre opened up radical practices, it encouraged allies to reject violence in favor of social revolution's potential for joy and inclusion.

The Memory Work of Jewish Spain

Daniela Flesler,Adrián Pérez Melgosa
The Memory Work of Jewish Spain Book PDF

Author : Daniela Flesler,Adrián Pérez Melgosa
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2020-12-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9780253050113

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The Memory Work of Jewish Spain by Daniela Flesler,Adrián Pérez Melgosa Pdf

The 2015 law granting Spanish nationality to the descendants of Jews expelled in 1492 is the latest example of a widespread phenomenon in contemporary Spain, the "re-discovery" of its Jewish heritage. In The Memory Work of Jewish Spain, Daniela Flesler and Adrián Pérez Melgosa examine the implications of reclaiming this memory through the analysis of a comprehensive range of emerging cultural practices, political initiatives and institutions in the context of the long history of Spain's ambivalence towards its Jewish past. Through oral interviews, analyses of museums, newly reconfigured "Jewish quarters," excavated Jewish sites, popular festivals, tourist brochures, literature and art, The Memory Work of Jewish Spain explores what happens when these initiatives are implemented at the local level in cities and towns throughout Spain, and how they affect Spain's present.

Rivalry and Revenge

Laia Balcells
Rivalry and Revenge Book PDF

Author : Laia Balcells
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2017-04-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107118690

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Rivalry and Revenge by Laia Balcells Pdf

This book explores the motives of local political elites and armed groups in carrying out violence against civilians during civil war.

The Spanish Civil War

Charles J Esdaile
The Spanish Civil War Book PDF

Author : Charles J Esdaile
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2018-10-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9780429859298

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The Spanish Civil War by Charles J Esdaile Pdf

The Spanish Civil War: A Military History takes a new, military approach to the conflict that tore Spain apart from 1936 to 1939. In many histories, the war has been treated as a primarily political event with the military narrative subsumed into a much broader picture of the Spain of 1936–9 in which the chief themes are revolution and counter-revolution. While remaining conscious of the politics of the struggle, this book looks at the war as above all a military event, and as one in whose outbreak specifically military issues – particularly the split in the armed forces produced by the long struggle in Morocco (1909–27) – were fundamental. Across nine chapters that consider the war from beginning to endgame, Charles J. Esdaile revisits traditional themes from a new perspective, deconstructs many epics and puts received ideas to the test, as well as introducing readers to foreign-language historiography that has previously been largely inaccessible to an anglophone audience. In taking this new approach, The Spanish Civil War: A Military History is essential reading for all students of twentieth-century Spain.