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Author : Martin Ravallion
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Electronic
ISBN : MINN:31951D02058430G
Author : Aart Kraay
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2004-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Growth is pro-poor if the poverty measure of interest falls. This implies three potential sources of pro-poor growth: (a) a high rate of growth of average incomes; (b) a high sensitivity of poverty to growth in average incomes; and (c) a poverty-reducing pattern of growth in relative incomes. I empirically decompose changes in poverty in a large sample of developing countries into these components. In the medium run, most of the variation in changes in poverty is due to growth, suggesting that policies and institutions that promote broad-based growth should be central to pro-poor growth. Most of the remainder is due to poverty-reducing patterns of growth in relative incomes, rather than differences in the sensitivity of poverty to growth in average incomes. Cross-country evidence provides little guidance on policies and institutions that promote these other sources of pro-poor growth.
Author : J. Humberto Lopez
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Economic development
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
"Is a pro-growth strategy always the best pro-poor strategy? To address this issue, Lopez provides an empirical evaluation of the impact of a series of pro-growth policies on inequality and headcount poverty. He relies on a large macroeconomic data set and estimate dynamic panel models that allows him to differentiate between the short- and long-run impacts of the policies under consideration on growth, inequality, and poverty. The author's findings indicate that regardless of their impact on inequality, pro-growth policies lead to lower poverty levels in the long run. However, he also finds evidence indicating that some of these policies may lead to higher inequality and, under plausible assumptions for the distribution of income, to higher poverty levels in the short run. These findings would justify the adoption of a pro-growth policy package as the center of any poverty reduction strategy, together with pro-poor measures that complement such a package by offsetting potential short-run increases in poverty. This paper-- a product of the Poverty Reduction Group, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network-- is part of a larger effort in the network to understand how to increase the impact of growth on poverty reduction"-- World Bank web site.
Author : Aart Kraay
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Developing countries
ISBN : UCSD:31822033412768
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2007-02-16
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264024786
Focusing on pro-poor growth and income poverty, Promoting Pro-Poor Growth: Policy Guidance for Donors identifies binding constraints and offers policies and strategies to address them.
Author : Timothy Besley,Louise Cord
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821365168
Economic growth is the most important determinant of poverty reduction. But countries with similar rates of growth can experience different poverty reduction rates.
Author : Hyun Hwa Son
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136579325
Equity is an abstract concept covering philosophical issues such as fairness and social justice, making its definition and measurement complex. This volume tackles these complexities head-on. The book is enriched with many empirical analyses and provides a comprehensive analysis of equity ranging from concepts and measurements to empirical illustrations and policy implications. After an extensive discussion on equity in the introduction, this volume begins with a chapter on well-being where the concepts of functioning and capability are discussed. This is followed by a few chapters on what an equitable distribution is and how equity can be measured. The volume then provides a definition and a methodology to measure equitable growth, examining the relationship between growth, inequality, and poverty. It also presents various empirical illustrations and country-specific experiences with three country case studies which assess whether publicly provided health and education services are equitable in developing Asia, examining the extent to which these social services favor the poor as well as the policy challenges to a more equitable delivery of these services. Finally, these country studies provide evidence–based policy recommendations to improve equity in social service delivery in developing countries. Achieving social equity has long been an important policy goal. There are relatively few studies on equity. This book aims to help fill this gap with an in-depth analysis of the issues associated with equity, covering its concept, measurement, and policy practices and implications.
Author : Martin Ravallion
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Bienestar economico y social
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
One side in the current debate about who benefits from growth has focused solely on average impacts on poverty and inequality, while the other side has focused on the diverse welfare impacts found beneath the averages. Both sides have a point.
Author : Boniface Essama-Nssah
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Economic development
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
"Starting with a general impact indicator as an evaluation criterion, Essama-Nssah offers an integrative framework for a unified discussion of various concepts and measures of pro-poor growth emerging from the current literature. He shows that whether economic growth is considered pro-poor depends fundamentally on the choice of evaluative weights. In addition, the author's framework leads to a new indicator of the rate of pro-poor growth that can be interpreted as the equally distributed equivalent growth rate. This is a distribution-adjusted rate of growth that depends on the chosen level of inequality aversion. Illustrations based on data for Indonesia in the 1990s show a strong link between growth and poverty reduction in that country. A decomposition of the observed poverty outcomes reveals the extent to which changes in inequality have blunted the poverty impacts of both growth and contraction. Finally, the results also demonstrate that absolute and relative indicators of pro-poor growth can lead to conflicting conclusions from the same set of facts. This paper'-- a product of the Poverty Reduction Group, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network-- is part of a larger effort in the network to understand the distributional implications of economic growth"-- World Bank web site.
Author : Nanak Kakwani,Hyun H. Son
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Economic development
ISBN : 1786439344
This single-volume compilation offers an insight to some of the most important questions economists and policymakers have been grappling over. A substantial amount of research has been carried out using cross-country regression models, resulting in a better and improved understanding of the linkage between economic growth and poverty reduction. The literature on cross-country regressions, however, has led to conflicting conclusions. Based on a selection of influential papers, and prefaced by a critical review of the literature, this collection covers an array of relevant topics and thought-provoking material. Scholars who envision a world free of extreme poverty will find this volume particularly valuable.
Author : Ms. Valerie Cerra,Mr. Ruy Lama,Norman Loayza
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 54 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2021-03-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513572666
Is there a tradeoff between raising growth and reducing inequality and poverty? This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the complex links between growth, inequality, and poverty, with causation going in both directions. The evidence suggests that growth can be effective in reducing poverty, but its impact on inequality is ambiguous and depends on the underlying sources of growth. The impact of poverty and inequality on growth is likewise ambiguous, as several channels mediate the relationship. But most plausible mechanisms suggest that poverty and inequality reduce growth, at least in the long run. Policies play a role in shaping these relationships and those designed to improve equality of opportunity can simultaneously improve inclusiveness and growth.
Author : B. Essama-Nssah
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:931678812
Starting with a general impact indicator as an evaluation criterion, The author offers an integrative framework for a unified discussion of various concepts and measures of pro-poor growth emerging from the current literature. He shows that whether economic growth is considered pro-poor depends fundamentally on the choice of evaluative weights. In addition, the author's framework leads to a new indicator of the rate of pro-poor growth that can be interpreted as the equally distributed equivalent growth rate. This is a distribution-adjusted rate of growth that depends on the chosen level of inequality aversion. Illustrations based on data for Indonesia in the 1990s show a strong link between growth and poverty reduction in that country. A decomposition of the observed poverty outcomes reveals the extent to which changes in inequality have blunted the poverty impacts of both growth and contraction. Finally, the results also demonstrate that absolute and relative indicators of pro-poor growth can lead to conflicting conclusions from the same set of facts.
Author : Nanak Kakwani,Hyun Hwa Son
Publisher : Springer
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2016-06-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781137583253
Nanak Kakwani and Hyun Hwa Son make use of social welfare functions to derive indicators of development relevant to specific social objectives, such as poverty- and inequality-reduction. Arguing that the measurement of development cannot be value-free, the authors assert that if indicators of development are to have policy relevance, they must be assessed on the basis of the social objectives in question. This study develops indicators that are sensitive to both the level and the distribution of individuals’ capabilities. The idea of the social welfare function, defined in income space, is extended to the concept of the social well-being function, defined in capability space. Through empirical analysis from selected developing countries, with a particular focus on Brazil, the authors shape techniques appropriate to the analysis of development in different dimensions. The focus of this evidence-based policy analysis is to evaluate alternative policies affecting the capacities of people to enjoy a better life.
Author : Rahul Anand,Mr.Saurabh Mishra,Mr.Shanaka J. Peiris
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484369791
We estimate a unified measure of inclusive growth for emerging markets by integrating their economic growth performance and income distribution outcomes, using data over three decades. Country distributions are calibrated by combining PPP GDP per capita and income distribution from survey data. We apply the microeconomic concept of a social mobility function at the macroeconomic level to measure inclusive growth that is closer to the absolute definition of pro-poor growth. This dynamic measure permits us to focus on inequality as well as distinguish between countries where per capita income growth was the same for the top and the bottom of the income pyramid, by accounting for the pace of growth. Our results indicate that macroeconomic stability, human capital, and structural changes are foundations for achieving inclusive growth. The role of globalization could also be positive with foreign direct investment and trade openess fostering greater inclusiveness, while financial deepening and technological change have no discernible effect.
Author : Ann Harrison
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 675 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2007-11-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226318004
Over the past two decades, the percentage of the world’s population living on less than a dollar a day has been cut in half. How much of that improvement is because of—or in spite of—globalization? While anti-globalization activists mount loud critiques and the media report breathlessly on globalization’s perils and promises, economists have largely remained silent, in part because of an entrenched institutional divide between those who study poverty and those who study trade and finance. Globalization and Poverty bridges that gap, bringing together experts on both international trade and poverty to provide a detailed view of the effects of globalization on the poor in developing nations, answering such questions as: Do lower import tariffs improve the lives of the poor? Has increased financial integration led to more or less poverty? How have the poor fared during various currency crises? Does food aid hurt or help the poor? Poverty, the contributors show here, has been used as a popular and convenient catchphrase by parties on both sides of the globalization debate to further their respective arguments. Globalization and Poverty provides the more nuanced understanding necessary to move that debate beyond the slogans.