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Memories: Molecules and Circuits by B. Bontempi,Alcino J. Silva Pdf
This volume surveys the recent advances and provides an integrative view of molecular, cellular, and systems level mechanisms underlying cognitive processes in both animals and humans. Current and future avenues are discussed by distinguished scientists. They provide an overview of the underlying neurobiology of cognitive processes, and focus on clinical and therapeutic aspects surrounding impairments associated with disorders that affect cognition.
Memories: Molecules and Circuits by B. Bontempi,Alcino J. Silva Pdf
This volume surveys the recent advances and provides an integrative view of molecular, cellular, and systems level mechanisms underlying cognitive processes in both animals and humans. Current and future avenues are discussed by distinguished scientists. They provide an overview of the underlying neurobiology of cognitive processes, and focus on clinical and therapeutic aspects surrounding impairments associated with disorders that affect cognition.
National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman
Author : National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 195 pages File Size : 52,8 Mb Release : 1992-01-01 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309045292
Discovering the Brain by National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman Pdf
The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."
From Messengers to Molecules by Gernot Riedel,Bettina Platt Pdf
The decade of the brain has brought us a few steps closer to some of the key questions in neuroscience. The complexity of memory is seen on the systems and cellular level, and different types of memory are implemented in several cellular changes that can interact, or work independently. From Messengers to Molecules: Memories are Made of These, follows the arguments from different research teams for their particular area of expertise. All chapters are written to stand-alone and provide an up-to-date introduction to the topic for both specialists and novices alike. As a result, a comprehensive compendium covering cellular mechanisms contributing to memory formation in an unusual breadth has emerged. This books will be of interest to researchers working on the pharmacology, physiology and genetics of memory formation, clinicians memory disorders, industry and students in advanced courses in Neuroscience or Pharmacology.
Neural Plasticity and Memory by Federico Bermudez-Rattoni Pdf
A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq
Motor System and Motor Diseases: From Molecules to Circuits by Jing-Ning Zhu,Ying Shen,Paul G. Mermelstein Pdf
Movement is the basis for many forms of behaviors, and is tightly controlled by a hierarchical system containing cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord. Each level of this hierarchy contributes to motor planning, motor initiation, motor execution, and motor coordination, respectively. However, they all receive continuous sensory inputs and generate accurate sensorimotor integrations that are necessary for both predictive and reflexive/servo controls of movements. The motor system contains various types of neurons with different morphological, neurochemical and electrophysiological properties, which are significantly dependent on many intracellular signaling molecules. Interestingly, these neurons are interconnected by intricate neuronal circuits for motor control, and even interacted with other non-motor systems to orchestrate somatic-nonsomatic integration. Furthermore, synaptic and neural plasticity endows motor system with amazing abilities for not only motor learning but also compensation and recovery from motor diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, ataxias, motion sickness and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, etc. Therefore, the motor system is of great importance for understanding information processing, integrative function, and neural plasticity of the central nervous system. The aim of this Research Topic is to discuss the latest advances in our understanding of motor system, motor control, motor learning and motor diseases from molecular, cellular, synaptic, circuit, and behavioral levels, especially in an integrative perspective.
Molecular Electronics, Circuits, and Processing Platforms by Sergey Edward Lyshevski Pdf
When microelectronic devices replaced vacuum tubes, it marked a revolution in electronics that opened the way to the computer age. We are on the verge of witnessing another equally profound shift. As molecular devices replace semiconductors, we will achieve new levels of performance, functionality and capability that will hugely impact electronics, as well as signal processing and computing. Molecular Electronics, Circuits, and Processing Platforms guides you confidently into this emerging field. Helping you to forge into the molecular frontier, this book examines the various concepts, methods and technologies used to approach and solve a wide variety of problems. The author works from new devices to systems and platforms. He also covers device-level physics, system-level design, analysis, and advanced fabrication technologies. Explore the latest and emerging molecular, biomolecular, and nanoscale processing platforms for building the next generation of circuits, memories and computations. By examining both solved and open issues, this book thoroughly develops the basic theory and shows you how to apply this knowledge toward new developments and practical hardware implementation. Don’t fall behind. Let Molecular Electronics, Circuits, and Processing Platforms take you to the next level of electronics design and applications.
Combining insights from both cognitive neuroscience and molecular biology, two of the world's leading experts address memory from molecules and cells to brain systems and cognition. What is memory and where in the brain is it stored? How is memory storage accomplished? This book touches on these questions and many more, showing how the recent convergence of psychology and biology has resulted in an exciting new synthesis of knowledge about learning and remembering. Memory: From Mind to Molecules is an ideal primer for courses on learning and memory or for general readers who are interested in discovering what is currently known about one of the basic aspects of human existence.
Human Memory Modeled with Standard Analog and Digital Circuits by John Robert Burger Pdf
Gain a new perspective on how the brain works and inspires new avenues for design in computer science and engineering This unique book is the first of its kind to introduce human memory and basic cognition in terms of physical circuits, beginning with the possibilities of ferroelectric behavior of neural membranes, moving to the logical properties of neural pulses recognized as solitons, and finally exploring the architecture of cognition itself. It encourages invention via the methodical study of brain theory, including electrically reversible neurons, neural networks, associative memory systems within the brain, neural state machines within associative memory, and reversible computers in general. These models use standard analog and digital circuits that, in contrast to models that include non-physical components, may be applied directly toward the goal of constructing a machine with artificial intelligence based on patterns of the brain. Writing from the circuits and systems perspective, the author reaches across specialized disciplines including neuroscience, psychology, and physics to achieve uncommon coverage of: Neural membranes Neural pulses and neural memory Circuits and systems for memorizing and recalling Dendritic processing and human learning Artificial learning in artificial neural networks The asset of reversibility in man and machine Electrically reversible nanoprocessors Reversible arithmetic Hamiltonian circuit finders Quantum versus classical Each chapter introduces and develops new material and ends with exercises for readers to put their skills into practice. Appendices are provided for non-experts who want a quick overview of brain anatomy, brain psychology, and brain scanning. The nature of this book, with its summaries of major bodies of knowledge, makes it a most valuable reference for professionals, researchers, and students with career goals in artificial intelligence, intelligent systems, neural networks, computer architecture, and neuroscience. A solutions manual is available for instructors; to obtain a copy please email the editorial department at [email protected].
Multiple-Valued Computing in Quantum Molecular Biology by Hafiz Md. Hasan Babu Pdf
This book mainly focuses on the design methodologies of various quantum circuits, DNA circuits, DNA-quantum circuits, and quantum-DNA circuits. In this text, the author has compiled various design aspects of multiple-valued logic DNA-quantum and quantum-DNA sequential circuits, memory devices, programmable logic devices, and nanoprocessors. Multiple-Valued Computing in Quantum Molecular Biology: Sequential Circuits, Memory Devices, Programmable Logic Devices, and Nanoprocessors is Volume 2 of a two-volume set, and consists of four parts. This book presents various design aspects of multiple-valued logic DNA-quantum and quantum-DNA sequential circuits, memory devices, programmable logic devices, and nanoprocessors. Part I discusses multiple-valued quantum and DNA sequential circuits such as D flip-flop, SR latch, SR flip-flop, JK flip-flop, T flip-flop, shift register, ripple counter, and synchronous counter, which are described, respectively, with the applications and working procedures. After that, multiple-valued quantum-DNA and DNA-quantum sequential circuits such as D flip-flop, SR flip-flop, JK flip-flop, T flip-flop, shift register, ripple counter and synchronous counter circuits are explained with working procedures and architecture. Part II discusses the architecture and design procedure of memory devices such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), and cache memory, which are sequentially described in multiple-valued quantum, DNA, quantum-DNA, and DNA-quantum computing. In Part III, the author examines the architectures and working principles of programmable logic devices such as programmable logic array (PLA), programmable array logic (PAL), field programmable gate array (FPGA), and complex programmable logic device (CPLD) in multiple-valued quantum, DNA, quantum-DNA, and DNA-quantum computing. Multiple-valued quantum, DNA, quantum-DNA, and DNA-quantum nanoprocessors are designed with algorithms in Part IV. Furthermore, the basic components of ternary nanoprocessors such as T-RAM, ternary instruction register, ternary incrementor circuit, ternary decoder, ternary multiplexer, ternary accumulator in quantum, DNA, quantum-DNA, and DNA-quantum computing are also explained in detail. This book will be of great help to researchers and students in quantum computing, DNA computing, quantum-DNA computing, and DNA-quantum computing.
Architecture and Design of Molecule Logic Gates and Atom Circuits by Nicolas Lorente,Christian Joachim Pdf
Have you ever puzzled over how to perform Boolean logic at the atomic scale? Or wondered how you can carry out more general calculations in one single molecule or using a surface dangling bond atomic scale circuit? This volume gives you an update on the design of single molecule devices, such as recitfiers, switches and transistors, more advanced semi-classical and quantum boolean gates integrated in a single molecule or constructed atom by atom on a passivated semi-conductor surface and describes their interconnections with adapted nano-scale wiring. The main contributors to the field of single molecule logic gates and surface dangling bond atomic scale circuits theory and design, were brought together for the first time to contribute on topics such as molecule circuits, surface dangling bond circuits, quantum controlled logic gates and molecular qubits. Contributions in this volume originate from the Barcelona workshop of the AtMol conference series, held from January 12-13 2012.
What is memory and where in the brain is it stored? How is memory storage accomplished? Two scientists responsible for some of the fundamental research in the field answer these key questions in Memory: From Mind to Molecules, the first book for a general readership to offer an up-to-date, comprehensive overview of memory from molecules and cells to brain systems and cognition.
Evaluating the Brain Disease Model of Addiction by Nick Heather,Matt Field,Antony C. Moss,Sally Satel Pdf
This ground-breaking book advances the fundamental debate about the nature of addiction. As well as presenting the case for seeing addiction as a brain disease, it brings together all the most cogent and penetrating critiques of the brain disease model of addiction (BDMA) and the main grounds for being skeptical of BDMA claims. The idea that addiction is a brain disease dominates thinking and practice worldwide. However, the editors of this book argue that our understanding of addiction is undergoing a revolutionary change, from being considered a brain disease to a disorder of voluntary behavior. The resolution of this controversy will determine the future of scientific progress in understanding addiction, together with necessary advances in treatment, prevention, and societal responses to addictive disorders. This volume brings together the various strands of the contemporary debate about whether or not addiction is best regarded as a brain disease. Contributors offer arguments for and against, and reasons for uncertainty; they also propose novel alternatives to both brain disease and moral models of addiction. In addition to reprints of classic articles from the addiction research literature, each section contains original chapters written by authorities on their chosen topic. The editors have assembled a stellar cast of chapter authors from a wide range of disciplines – neuroscience, philosophy, psychiatry, psychology, cognitive science, sociology, and law – including some of the most brilliant and influential voices in the field of addiction studies today. The result is a landmark volume in the study of addiction which will be essential reading for advanced students and researchers in addiction as well as professionals such as medical practitioners, psychiatrists, psychologists of all varieties, and social workers.
Unique in its scope, this book comprehensively combines various synthesis strategies with applications for nanogap electrodes. Clearly divided into four parts, the monograph begins with an introduction to molecular electronics and electron transport in molecular junctions, before moving on to a whole section devoted to synthesis and characterization. The third part looks at applications with single molecules or self-assembled monolayers, and the whole is rounded off with a section on interesting phenomena observed using molecular-based devices.
From Molecules to Networks by John H. Byrne,Ruth Heidelberger,M. Neal Waxham,James L. Roberts Pdf
An understanding of the nervous system at virtually any level of analysis requires an understanding of its basic building block, the neuron. This book provides the solid foundation of the morphological, biochemical, and biophysical properties of nerve cells that is needed by advanced undergraduates and graduate students, as well as researchers in need of a thorough reference. * Highly referenced for readers to pursue topics of interest in greater detail* Unique coverage of the application of mathematical modeling and simulation approaches not found in other textbooks* Richly illustrated, four color presentation throughout* Includes CD-ROM of all of the illustrations