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Author : Dmitri A. Molodov
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Crystals
ISBN : 3826566858
Author : Gunter Gottstein,Lasar S. Shvindlerman
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 601 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2009-12-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781439858998
A major goal of materials science is to create new engineering materials and optimize their cost and performance. Understanding how adjacent materials behave at their borders is an essential part of this process. Grain boundaries are the longest-known crystal defects, but although they were discovered in the mid-eighteenth century, until quite rece
Author : Gunter Gottstein,Lasar S. Shvindlerman
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 702 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2009-12-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781420054361
A major goal of materials science is to create new engineering materials and optimize their cost and performance. Understanding how adjacent materials behave at their borders is an essential part of this process. Grain boundaries are the longest-known crystal defects, but although they were discovered in the mid-eighteenth century, until quite rece
Author : H. Gleiter,Bruce Chalmers
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Grain boundaries
ISBN : UOM:39015008087713
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1965
Category : Electronic
ISBN : UOM:39015092340861
Author : F.J. Humphreys,M. Hatherly
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780080983882
The annealing of deformed materials is of both technological importance and scientific interest. The phenomena have been most widely studied in metals, although they occur in all crystalline materials such as the natural deformation of rocks and the processing of technical ceramics. Research is mainly driven by the requirements of industry, and where appropriate, the book discusses the extent to which we are able to formulate quantitative, physically-based models which can be applied to metal-forming processes. The subjects treated in this book are all active research areas, and form a major part of at least four regular international conference series. However, there have only been two monographs published in recent times on the subject of recrystallization, the latest nearly 20 years ago. Since that time, considerable advances have been made, both in our understanding of the subject and in the techniques available to the researcher. The book covers recovery, recrystallization and grain growth in depth including specific chapters on ordered materials, two-phase alloys, annealing textures and annealing during and after hot working. Also contained are treatments of the deformed state and the structure and mobility of grain boundaries, technologically important examples and a chapter on computer simulation and modelling. The book provides a scientific treatment of the subject for researchers or students in Materials Science, Metallurgy and related disciplines, who require a more detailed coverage than is found in textbooks on physical metallurgy, and a more coherent treatment than will be found in the many conference proceedings and review articles.
Author : Pavel Lejcek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2010-07-20
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642125058
Grain boundaries are important structural components of polycrystalline materials used in the vast majority of technical applications. Because grain boundaries form a continuous network throughout such materials, their properties may limit their practical use. One of the serious phenomena which evoke these limitations is the grain boundary segregation of impurities. It results in the loss of grain boundary cohesion and consequently, in brittle fracture of the materials. The current book deals with fundamentals of grain boundary segregation in metallic materials and its relationship to the grain boundary structure, classification and other materials properties.
Author : P. Cotterill,P. R. Mould
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Metal crystals
ISBN : UCSD:31822033336116
Author : Anning Hu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 441 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781475701814
In view of the dramatically increased interest in the study of grain boundaries during the past few years, the Physical Metal lurgy Committee of The Institute of Metals Division of The Metal lurgical Society, AIME, sponsored a four-session symposium on the NATURE AND BEHAVIOR OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES, at the TMS-AIME Fall Meeting in Detroit, Michigan, October 18-19, 1971. The main ob jectives of this symposium were to examine the more recent develop ments, theoretical and experimental, in our understanding of grain boundaries, and to stimulate further studies in these and related areas. This volume contains most of the papers presented at the Symposium. It is regrettable that space limitations allow the inclusion of only four of the unsolicited papers, in addition to thirteen invited papers. The papers are grouped into three sections according to their major content: STRUCTURE OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES, ENERGETICS OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES, and GRAIN BOUNDARY MOTION AND RELATED PHENOMENA. Grain boundaries, or crystal interfaces, have been of both academic and practical interest for many years. An early seminar on "Metal Interfaces" was documented in 1952 by ASM. The Fourth Metallurgical Colloquium held in France, 1960, had a broad coverage on "Properties of Grain Boundaries". More recently the Australian Institute of Metals sponsored a conference on interfaces, with the proceedings being published by Butterworths in 1969.
Author : Donald McLean
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1957
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : UOM:39015004503143
Author : American Society for Metals
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 684 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1966
Category : Crystallization
ISBN : UOM:39015002937749
Author : Dirk Michael Kirch
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2008-05-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783736925762
The recent development in experimental research on grain boundary and triple junction migration and structure in metals has been reviewed in this thesis. The dependence of grain boundary mobility on boundary character (misorientation and inclination) as well as the dependency of the triple junction mobility on the junction crystallography was addressed. The motion of individual grain boundaries and triple junctions was investigated in specially grown bi- and tricrystal samples of high purity aluminum. Orientation contrast imaging in an SEM combined with an in-house developed heating stage was used for in-situ tracking of the microstructure evolution at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, a novel laser powered heating stage was developed in order to enable the microstructure and -texture characterization at elevated temperature up to 1000°C. The migration of connected 100 tilt grain boundaries, was studied experimentally as a function of temperature between 400°C and 580°C. The study revealed that the majority of grain boundary systems were controlled by the lower mobility of the curved grain boundaries rather than the triple junction mobility within the investigated temperature range. Solely one grain boundary system (TJ-41) revealed two different kinetic regimes of coupled triple junction - grain boundary motion dependent on temperature proving the existence of a specific triple junction mobility and its dependence on triple junction crystallography. At low temperatures the motion of the grain boundaries was found to be retarded by the low triple junction mobility. In contrast, at elevated temperatures the system kinetics was found to be grain boundary controlled. The migration of grain boundary systems with triple junction, composed of mixed 110 twist and 40° 111 tilt grain boundaries, was studied experimentally in dependence of temperature for a range of boundary misorientations. In analogy to the study on connected 100 tilt grain boundaries, the majority of grain boundary systems were found to be controlled by the lower mobility of the curved grain boundaries. The only exception was found during investigation of the grain boundary system TJ-twist-19 revealing a system migration influenced by the triple junction mobility at all investigated temperatures, confirming the existence of a finite triple junction mobility and its dependence on triple junction crystallography. However, the boundary system TJ-twist-19 was not found to change its state of motion as observed for sample TJ-41. Aluminum bicrystal samples, containing individual 100 and 111tilt grain boundaries, were investigated experimentally in-situ in a temperature range between 300°C and 640°C for a range of boundary misorientations. The study revealed, for both systems, a different behavior of SAGBs in contrast to LAGBs. Grain boundaries with a rotation angle below 15° were found to be immobile during annealing at a given temperature in conjunction with a faceted grain boundary shape. Owing to grain boundary anisotropy the boundary facets correspond to boundary inclinations which possess a particularly low energy as confirmed by additional MS-simulation studies on bicrystals with equivalent crystallography. In contrast, LAGBs with a misorientation angle larger than 15° did not tend to form grain boundary facets. Instead, the grain boundaries assumed a curved shape and moved in steady-state in the entire investigated temperature range, as expected for curvature driven grain boundary motion assuming grain boundary isotropy. The microstructure evolution of individual circular grains in thecourse of grain shrinkage was simulated for bicrystals implementing a 2D-vertex model. The study revealed that the modeled grain shape is consistent with the experimentally observed boundary shape in bicrystal samples with equivalent crystallography. Furthermore, the study revealed that grain boundary anisotropy can affect the rate of grain area change. In the case of grains with a pronounced grain boundary anisotropy, a preferred formation of straight facets composed of low energy boundary planes was observed. As a result, the mean free energy of the grain boundary was reduced, causing a decrease of the capillary driving force. Owing to the decrease of P, the normal velocity of the respective segments decreased likewise, causing a retardation of grain shrinkage. Finally, the author believes that the results of the studies presented here lead to a better understanding of solitary and connected grain boundaries and their role in modern materials science and engineering.
Author : Anthony Rollett,Gregory S. Rohrer,John Humphreys
Publisher : Newnes
Page : 734 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2017-07-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080982694
Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena, Third Edition, fulfills the information needs of materials scientists in both industry and academia. The subjects treated in the book are all active research areas, forming a major part of at least four regular international conference series. This new third edition ensures the reader has access to the latest findings, and is essential reading to those working in the forefront of research in universities and laboratories. For those in industry, the book highlights applications of the research and technology, exploring, in particular, the significant progress made recently in key areas such as deformed state, including deformation to very large strains, the characterization of microstructures by electron backscatter diffraction, the modeling and simulation of annealing, and continuous recrystallization. Includes over 50% of new, revised, and updated material, highlighting the significant recent literature results in grain growth in non-crystallizing systems, 3D characterization techniques, quantitative modeling techniques, and all-new appendices on texture and measurements Contains synthesized, detailed coverage from leading authors that bridge the gap between theory and practice Includes a critical level of synthesis and pedagogy with an authored rather than edited volume
Author : Myrjam Winning
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2007-03-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783736921863
Author : Jian Zhou
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2012-03-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783736940420
Migration of tilt 111 grain boundaries (GBs) in aluminum has been simulated in a wide temperature range with various magnitudes of driving force. It is found that under different conditions GBs migrate through either a diffusionless or a diffusional mechanism. The essence of the diffusionless mechanism is determined to be GB dislocation glide. This mechanism agrees with many previously reported mechanisms, consisting of the collective motion of atom groups, the four-atom shuffling and the boundary motion by glide of primary/secondary GB dislocations. GB dislocation glide therefore serves as a generalized mechanism for all of them. The diffusional mechanism is merely observed to occur for high-angle GBs at high temperatures when a relatively small driving force of several MPa is applied. For these GBs featured in thick and highly disordered structures, GB migration is controlled by GB diffusion. The effects of structural constraints, temperature, GB misorientation and driving force magnitude, on the activation of either mechanism as well as on concrete GB migration behaviors are discussed. Based on these discussions, two GB migration mechanism maps for polycrystals are proposed. The mechanism maps can well explain many contradictory findings obtained previously in both experiments and simulations. In addition, GB mobilities are evaluated at a high temperature. The simulated values are physically reasonable as high-angle GBs move faster than low-angle GBs and the maximum mobility occurs around 40° misorientation. The mobility of a Σ7 GB even approaches the maximum experimental value obtained in ultra-high-purity bicrystals.
